本文選題：摩擦振動　切入點(diǎn)：諧波小波包　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：磨損是相互接觸的物體在相對運(yùn)動中表層材料不斷損傷的過程,機(jī)器設(shè)備運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中摩擦副的相對運(yùn)動會產(chǎn)生磨損。磨損是造成零件失效和材料損耗的主要原因,60-80%機(jī)械零件的失效是由磨損引起的,世界工業(yè)化發(fā)達(dá)國家能源約30%以不同形式的磨損消耗。因此,監(jiān)測機(jī)械設(shè)備的摩擦磨損狀態(tài),識別設(shè)備早期磨損故障對于機(jī)器的節(jié)能減耗、合理運(yùn)行及安全生產(chǎn)均具有重要的意義。摩擦振動是機(jī)械設(shè)備運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中摩擦副摩擦磨損產(chǎn)生的一種現(xiàn)象,蘊(yùn)涵著反映摩擦副摩擦磨損狀態(tài)的信息,可實(shí)時在線采集而不影響設(shè)備正常運(yùn)行。因此,開展摩擦副摩擦磨損過程中摩擦振動的研究,準(zhǔn)確提取摩擦振動特征,可為機(jī)械設(shè)備磨損狀態(tài)監(jiān)測及故障診斷提供理論依據(jù)和方法。摩擦振動信號能夠反映摩擦副的磨損狀態(tài),但是含有噪聲的摩擦振動信號不能真實(shí)反映摩擦副的磨合磨損狀態(tài)。本文以在磨合磨損試驗(yàn)中采集的振動信號為研究對象,采用諧波小波包變換理論,結(jié)合摩擦系數(shù)與磨損表面,探討了摩擦振動信號的降噪方法。結(jié)果表明：諧波小波包變換的方法可實(shí)現(xiàn)摩擦振動信號的提取。在摩擦振動信號降噪研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過磨合磨損試驗(yàn)研究了摩擦振動的時域特性和頻域特性。(1)時域特性研究表明：摩擦振動信號是微弱信號,具有幅值小能量低的特點(diǎn)；隨著磨合過程的進(jìn)行,摩擦振動信號的振幅呈減小趨勢。載荷、潤滑介質(zhì)和材質(zhì)影響摩擦振動信號振幅的變化,隨著試驗(yàn)載荷的增加,摩擦振動信號的振幅增大；亦均不相同；初始表面對磨合初期的摩擦振動信號的振幅影響明顯,隨著磨合的進(jìn)行,這種影響逐漸減小。(2)頻域特性研究表明：摩擦振動信號的頻譜中以邊頻為主,沒有明顯固有頻率出現(xiàn),摩擦振動信號具有非線性特征。摩擦振動激發(fā)的信號的頻率分布范圍與摩擦副材質(zhì)有關(guān),而與載荷、潤滑介質(zhì)及初始表面等試驗(yàn)條件無關(guān)。本文試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明高熵合金材質(zhì)的摩擦副摩擦振動信號頻率分布范圍在2000-3000Hz；鑄鐵材質(zhì)的摩擦副摩擦振動信號頻率分布范圍在2000-3000Hz；中碳鋼材質(zhì)的摩擦副摩擦振動信號頻率分布范圍在3000-4000Hz。摩擦磨損過程是極其復(fù)雜的非線性動力學(xué)過程,混沌理論是非線性問題研究的有效手段,本文在摩擦振動信號特性研究的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用混沌理論研究了摩擦振動信號的非線性動力學(xué)特征。采用最大Lyapunov指數(shù)法、贗相空間法、功率譜方法、Poincare截面法及頻閃采樣法分析了摩擦振動信號混沌的動力學(xué)特征；計算了摩擦振動信號的混沌特征參數(shù)關(guān)聯(lián)維和K熵,提取了摩擦振動信號混沌吸引子；通過試驗(yàn)探討了摩擦副在不同磨損狀態(tài)下摩擦振動信號混沌吸引子在相空間中的演變歷程,結(jié)果表明：摩擦振動信號吸引子在相空間中具有一定的層次和結(jié)構(gòu),功率譜為類似噪聲的寬峰譜,摩擦振動信號的Poincare截面圖和頻閃圖均具有精細(xì)的層次和結(jié)構(gòu),其主分量譜為過定點(diǎn)且斜率為負(fù)的直線,證明了摩擦振動號具有混沌的動力學(xué)特征；在摩擦副磨合磨損過程中,摩擦振動信號混沌吸引子在相空間中的體積呈現(xiàn)先收縮然后穩(wěn)定的趨勢,反映了摩擦副從磨合磨損到穩(wěn)定磨損的動力學(xué)過程。
[Abstract]:Wear is a process of mutual contact objects in relative motion in the surface materials to damage, the friction of the relative motion pair will produce wear during the running machine. The wear is mainly caused by the failure and the loss of material failure, 60-80% machine parts is caused by wear, the world developed countries about 30% energy consumption different forms of wear. Therefore, friction and wear condition monitoring of machinery and equipment, equipment identification of wear fault early for a machine to reduce energy consumption, rational operation and production safety are of great significance. The friction vibration is a friction phenomenon of friction and wear of mechanical equipment in the operation process, contains information reflecting the friction friction and wear the real-time online collection without affecting the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, to carry out research on Friction Vibration and friction friction and wear process, accurate extraction The friction vibration characteristics, can be a mechanical equipment wear condition monitoring and fault diagnosis and provide a theoretical basis and methods. The friction vibration signal can reflect the wear state of the friction pairs, but the friction vibration signal with noise can not reflect the true state of the side friction wear. In this paper, the vibration signal collected in the trial running in wear as the research object, using the harmonic wavelet packet transform theory, combined with the friction coefficient and wear surface, discusses the method of noise reduction of friction vibration signals. The results show that the method of harmonic wavelet packet transform can realize the extraction of friction vibration signals. Based on the study of friction vibration signal in time domain and frequency domain characteristics of friction vibration tests are carried out to study the wear. (1) characteristics of the time domain shows that friction vibration signal is a weak signal, has the characteristics of small amplitude low energy; with the running in process The amplitude of vibration signal, the friction decreases. Load, lubrication medium and material influence the change of friction vibration signal amplitude, with the increase of the load, the friction vibration signal amplitude increases; also are not the same; the amplitude of the vibration signal of the initial surface friction on the run in period significantly, with the running of the influence decreases. (2) study on frequency characteristics showed that the spectrum of friction vibration signal in frequency, no obvious inherent frequency, the friction vibration signal has nonlinear characteristics. The friction vibration excitation signal frequency distribution and friction material, and load independent lubrication medium and initial surface test in this paper. The test results show that high entropy alloy material of the friction vibration signal frequency distribution in the range of 2000-3000Hz; the friction vibration signal of cast iron The frequency distribution in the range of 2000-3000Hz; in carbon steel friction vibration signal frequency distribution in the range of 3000-4000Hz. friction and wear process is a nonlinear dynamics process is extremely complex, chaos theory is an effective method to study the nonlinear problems, based on the characteristics of research on friction vibration signal, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of friction vibration signal is applied to the research on the chaos theory. Using the maximum Lyapunov index method, the pseudo phase space method, the method of power spectrum, Poincare section method and stroboscopic sampling analysis of dynamic friction characteristic of chaotic vibration signal; chaotic characteristic parameter correlation dimension and K entropy to calculate the friction vibration signal, extraction of chaotic attractors of friction vibration signals; the effect of evolution. The friction pair under different wear conditions of friction vibration signal of chaotic attractor in phase space. The results showed that the friction Wipe the vibration signal of the level and structure of the attractors in phase space, the power spectrum is wide peak noise like spectrum, friction vibration signals Poincare section and stroboscopic patterns are the level and structure of the fine, the principal component analysis for point and line with negative slope, proved, with dynamic friction vibration the character of chaos; in the friction wear side process, friction vibration signal of chaotic attractor in the phase space volume showed the first contraction and then a stable trend, reflecting the friction from wear to wear. The dynamic process of stability

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH117

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 柳霆;李國賓;魏海軍;穆雪;邢鵬飛;;切向和法向摩擦振動向量合成方法[J];潤滑與密封;2016年10期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 于艷艷;風(fēng)電滑環(huán)接觸材料加速摩擦磨損試驗(yàn)研究[D];大連理工大學(xué);2016年

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本文編號：1567853