本文關(guān)鍵詞： 故障預(yù)測(cè) 分布式故障 局部故障 ARMA模型 采集器 在線監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：設(shè)備故障預(yù)測(cè)與管理系統(tǒng)是近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的熱點(diǎn)。設(shè)備故障預(yù)測(cè)是指根據(jù)設(shè)備當(dāng)前時(shí)刻的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)特征以及此前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)特征判斷設(shè)備下一時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)特征,通過(guò)特征分析對(duì)設(shè)備的健康狀況和剩余使用壽命等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。齒輪系統(tǒng)是設(shè)備中關(guān)鍵的傳動(dòng)或傳力部件,對(duì)齒輪設(shè)備進(jìn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)和故障預(yù)測(cè)的研究對(duì)設(shè)備的良好運(yùn)行有重要的意義。鑒于齒輪故障預(yù)測(cè)研究的重要性,本文主要研究了以下內(nèi)容:1)ARMA模型構(gòu)建的理論和過(guò)程;2)齒輪的故障機(jī)理和頻譜特征以及齒輪故障的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和故障分析中的頻帶劃分問(wèn)題;3)設(shè)備振動(dòng)信號(hào)采集器和在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。研究?jī)?nèi)容圍繞齒輪振動(dòng)信號(hào)采集,信號(hào)的分析處理,齒輪狀態(tài)特征提取、狀態(tài)識(shí)別和狀態(tài)預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)行。首先,本文通過(guò)理論研究構(gòu)建了應(yīng)用于齒輪頻譜結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)的ARMA模型。然后將建立的ARMA模型應(yīng)用于某水泥廠窯主減速機(jī)齒輪頻譜的預(yù)測(cè)中,根據(jù)齒輪分布式故障和局部故障在頻譜中表現(xiàn)的差異性,對(duì)減速機(jī)高速端齒輪發(fā)生分布式故障或局部故障的趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分析。從而得出,該齒輪處于較良好的運(yùn)行狀態(tài),但是有發(fā)生分布式故障的趨勢(shì)或可能,應(yīng)當(dāng)持續(xù)關(guān)注其趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展。隨后,本文對(duì)設(shè)備故障預(yù)測(cè)與管理系統(tǒng)中的分布式采集器和在線監(jiān)測(cè)軟件的實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行研究。對(duì)于分布式采集器,其采用A8+DSP處理器和FPGA控制采樣,擁有8個(gè)振動(dòng)通道和1個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)速通道,能夠?qū)υO(shè)備的加速度、速度和位移信號(hào)進(jìn)行采集;采集器對(duì)振動(dòng)信號(hào)的處理包括隔直、濾波、放大、積分、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換等。為了能夠在通訊出現(xiàn)異常的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的本地存儲(chǔ)采集器還配備了擴(kuò)展內(nèi)存,同時(shí)為了獲得良好的通訊和信號(hào)傳輸效率其兼有USB/RS485接口和網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口,可以實(shí)時(shí)地將信號(hào)傳輸?shù)浇K端進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)分析。對(duì)于在線監(jiān)測(cè)軟件,其由監(jiān)測(cè)概貌、分析/評(píng)價(jià)、綜合報(bào)告、系統(tǒng)管理功能模塊構(gòu)成,通過(guò)對(duì)從采集器實(shí)時(shí)接收的信號(hào)的分析處理和特征提取來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)設(shè)備的狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)、預(yù)報(bào)和管理。采集器和在線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過(guò)工程的實(shí)際應(yīng)用檢驗(yàn),具有了良好的工程適用性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, equipment fault prediction and management system is a hot topic in domestic and international research. Equipment fault prediction refers to judging the state characteristics of equipment at the next moment according to the operating state characteristics of the current moment of the equipment and the operating state characteristics of the previous period of time. Through characteristic analysis, the health condition and remaining service life of the equipment are predicted. The gear system is the key transmission or force transfer component in the equipment. The research on condition monitoring and fault prediction of gear equipment is of great significance to the good operation of gear equipment. This paper mainly studies the following contents: the theory and process of constructing the 1 / 1 ARMA model) the fault mechanism and spectrum characteristics of gear, the diagnostic standard of gear fault and the problem of frequency band division in fault analysis. On-line monitoring system. Research contents around gear vibration signal collection, Signal analysis and processing, gear state feature extraction, state recognition and state prediction. First, In this paper, the ARMA model applied to the prediction of gear frequency spectrum structure is constructed through theoretical research, and then the established ARMA model is applied to the prediction of gear spectrum of main reducer in a cement factory. According to the difference of distributed fault and local fault of gear in frequency spectrum, the trend of distributed fault or local fault of gear at high speed end of reducer is analyzed, and it is concluded that the gear is in a good running state. However, there is a tendency or possibility of distributed failure, and the trend should be continuously followed. In this paper, the realization of distributed collector and on-line monitoring software in the equipment fault prediction and management system is studied. For the distributed collector, the A8 DSP processor and FPGA are used to control the sampling, and there are 8 vibration channels and 1 rotational speed channel. Can collect the acceleration, velocity and displacement signal of the equipment; the processing of the vibration signal by the collector includes straightening, filtering and amplifying, In order to realize the local storage collector in case of abnormal communication, the local storage collector is equipped with extended memory, and in order to obtain good communication and signal transmission efficiency, it has both USB/RS485 interface and network interface. For on-line monitoring software, it is composed of monitoring overview, analysis / evaluation, comprehensive report, system management function module. The state monitoring, prediction and management of the equipment are realized through the analysis, processing and feature extraction of the signals received in real time from the collector. The collector and the on-line monitoring system have been tested in engineering practice and have good engineering applicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH132.41;TH17

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本文編號(hào)：1534015