發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-31 03:14

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 應(yīng)力線性化 應(yīng)力分類法 極限載荷法 彈塑性應(yīng)力分析法 壓力容器 可靠性　出處：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：壓力容器應(yīng)力分析設(shè)計(jì)方法于1965年率先被美國(guó)壓力容器規(guī)范ASME VIII-2采用,因其先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)思想,可以進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的應(yīng)力分析,解決了許多常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)無法解決的問題,所以隨后各國(guó)壓力容器規(guī)范紛紛效仿美國(guó),均在本國(guó)的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范中加入了應(yīng)力分類法,我國(guó)亦于1995年頒布了第一部壓力容器分析設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范—JB4732。經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展與完善,分析設(shè)計(jì)法已成為當(dāng)今主流的壓力容器設(shè)計(jì)方法。應(yīng)力分類法是分析設(shè)計(jì)方法中的應(yīng)用最為廣泛,最為廣大工程設(shè)計(jì)人員熟悉的一種壓力容器設(shè)計(jì)方法,自W C Kroen提出應(yīng)力線性化方法解決解決有限元計(jì)算的應(yīng)力場(chǎng)與應(yīng)力分類不兼容的問題后,應(yīng)力分類法的應(yīng)用更加廣泛。然而,隨著當(dāng)今承壓設(shè)備的復(fù)雜化和大型化發(fā)展,應(yīng)力分類法在工程應(yīng)用過程中暴露出一系列問題,并至今未得到很好地解決。本文針對(duì)應(yīng)力分類法中存在的具體問題:(1)應(yīng)力線性化理論中的某些應(yīng)力分量的線性化違反了表面力邊界條件和(2)應(yīng)力分類法在某些應(yīng)力評(píng)估區(qū)域會(huì)產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力分類困難問題,分別作了理論研究,并給出了具體的解決方案,經(jīng)過算例驗(yàn)證的出如下結(jié)論:針對(duì)問題(1),修改當(dāng)前線性化理論,在計(jì)算薄膜加彎曲應(yīng)力當(dāng)量應(yīng)力時(shí),只線性化經(jīng)向應(yīng)力和環(huán)向應(yīng)力,其余應(yīng)力分量采用真實(shí)應(yīng)力,新的線性化方法可以有效避免某些應(yīng)力分量的線性化違反表面力邊界條件問題,而且還可以避免不恰當(dāng)?shù)鼐�性化某些應(yīng)力分量導(dǎo)致計(jì)算結(jié)果失真的現(xiàn)象;針對(duì)問題(2),本文引入固體力學(xué)中的下限極限載荷理論,提出一種無需進(jìn)行應(yīng)力分類的基于彈性分析和下限極限載荷理論的分析設(shè)計(jì)方法,簡(jiǎn)稱彈性下限法,彈性下限法有效解決了某些應(yīng)力評(píng)估區(qū)域,如總體結(jié)構(gòu)不連續(xù)區(qū)域的應(yīng)力分類困難問題,以直接法設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果為參照,彈性下限法相比于當(dāng)前應(yīng)力分類法往往給出更為合理的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果。另外,本文從可靠性的角度,針對(duì)當(dāng)前幾種壓力容器設(shè)計(jì)方法,進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的可靠性研究。對(duì)每一種設(shè)計(jì)方法的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)考慮同樣的變量形式,考察每種方法的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):同樣的變量環(huán)境下,每種方法的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果穩(wěn)定性和可靠性各不相同,這為各種設(shè)計(jì)方法的評(píng)判和工程選用提供可一個(gè)可貴的參考。
[Abstract]:In 1965, the stress analysis design method of pressure vessel was first adopted by ASME VIII-2 of American pressure vessel code. Because of its advanced design idea, the stress analysis can be carried out in detail. Many problems that can not be solved by conventional design have been solved, so the pressure vessel codes of various countries have followed the example of the United States one after another, and have added the stress classification method to their design codes. In 1995, China also promulgated the first pressure vessel analysis design specification-JB4732. After decades of development and improvement. The analytical design method has become the mainstream design method of pressure vessel. The stress classification method is the most widely used in the analytical design method and is familiar to most engineering designers. Since the stress linearization method was proposed by W C Kroen to solve the problem of incompatibility between stress field and stress classification in finite element calculation, the stress classification method has been applied more widely. With the complication and large-scale development of pressure equipment, a series of problems have been exposed in the application of stress classification. The linearization of some stress components in stress linearization theory violates the boundary condition of surface force and the boundary condition of surface force. In some stress assessment areas, stress classification is difficult to classify. Theoretical studies are made and specific solutions are given. The results are as follows: to solve the problem, we modify the current linearization theory and calculate the equivalent stress of thin film with bending stress. Only the meridional stress and the circumferential stress are linearized, while the other stress components adopt the real stress. The new linearization method can effectively avoid the linearization of some stress components violating the boundary conditions of the surface force. It can also avoid the distortion of the calculation results caused by the improper linearization of some stress components. In order to solve the problem, this paper introduces the theory of lower limit load in solid mechanics, and puts forward an analytical design method based on elastic analysis and lower limit load theory, which does not need to be classified by stress. The elastic lower bound method, which is referred to as the elastic lower bound method, has effectively solved the problem of stress classification in some stress assessment areas, such as the discontinuous region of the total structure, which is referred to the design results of the direct method. Compared with the current stress classification method, the elastic lower bound method often gives more reasonable design results. In addition, from the point of view of reliability, this paper aims at several current design methods of pressure vessels. The design parameters of each design method are considered in the same variable form, and the stability and reliability of the design results of each method are investigated. The results show that: under the same variable environment. The stability and reliability of the design results of each method are different, which provides a valuable reference for the evaluation and engineering selection of various design methods.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH49

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