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能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的可計(jì)算一般均衡分析

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-06-04 18:51
【摘要】:發(fā)展是人類社會(huì)永恒的主題,可持續(xù)發(fā)展是人類致力謀求的目標(biāo)。能源作為動(dòng)力原材料推動(dòng)著經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的高速發(fā)展,已成為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺的基本因素。能源在推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),也會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的溫室氣體,特別是二氧化碳。隨著人類經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展以及能源消費(fèi)的不斷增加,溫室氣體排放加劇所引發(fā)的“全球氣候變暖”、“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化”等問題正嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的生存與發(fā)展。 作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,中國正處在需要消耗大量能源來支撐的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展階段,能源消費(fèi)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致溫室氣體排放的增長(zhǎng),并成為了世界第二大能源消費(fèi)國家和第一大碳排放國家。在能源消費(fèi)與碳排放雙層約束下如何實(shí)現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快可持續(xù)發(fā)展是一個(gè)非,F(xiàn)實(shí)的議題。中國正處于積極推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)環(huán)境和諧發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中,中國經(jīng)濟(jì)如果要經(jīng)受住能源與環(huán)境保護(hù)的雙重挑戰(zhàn),就必須尋求一條在能源可持續(xù)利用、環(huán)境保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)三者之間協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的道路。因此,探討未來中國如何改變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,如何克服可能遇到的資源、資金、機(jī)制等各種障礙,在全球一體化的大背景下實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和溫室氣體的減緩排放,走出一條適合中國自己的低碳發(fā)展之路,具有重要意義。 論文按照“文獻(xiàn)梳理-現(xiàn)狀分析-理論建模-政策模擬-政策建議”的技術(shù)路線展開。首先,系統(tǒng)梳理了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與碳排放、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與能源消費(fèi)、能源消費(fèi)與碳排放之間關(guān)系以及中國能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)三者之間關(guān)系等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),探討了能源環(huán)境可計(jì)算一般均衡模型的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),確定采用動(dòng)態(tài)可計(jì)算一般均衡分析工具分析能源環(huán)境政策的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)福利效應(yīng)的研究思路。 其次,對(duì)我國目前能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié),并在新的研究方法視角下進(jìn)一步探討經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與碳排放、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與能源消費(fèi)、能源消費(fèi)與碳排放之間關(guān)系以及中國能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)三者之間的計(jì)量關(guān)系。運(yùn)用平滑轉(zhuǎn)移回歸模型研究了能源消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響效應(yīng),研究結(jié)果表明:我國能源消費(fèi)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在非線性關(guān)系,并且兩者之間存在明顯的區(qū)制轉(zhuǎn)換的動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系。采用非參數(shù)回歸模型來測(cè)度我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與環(huán)境質(zhì)量多拐點(diǎn)型庫茲涅茨曲線,研究結(jié)果表明,不同的地區(qū)存在不同的環(huán)境擬合曲線,并且傳統(tǒng)的倒“U”型曲線在我國基本上是不適用的,本文除得到了“U”型曲線和倒“N”型曲線外,還得到了直線型和“M”型曲線。應(yīng)用LMDI分解方法分析中國2000年-2009年一次能源利用的CO2排放及碳排放強(qiáng)度的變化,研究顯示能源結(jié)構(gòu)的變化對(duì)碳排放增長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)為微弱負(fù)效應(yīng),能源效率變化對(duì)我國該階段碳排放的的貢獻(xiàn)率表現(xiàn)出明顯的負(fù)效應(yīng)。運(yùn)用Toda-Yamamoto檢驗(yàn)程序?qū)χ袊茉聪M(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)三者之間的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行了計(jì)量研究,研究結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與能源消費(fèi)的增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致CO2排放的增加,反之則不成立;能源消費(fèi)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間存在雙向的Granger因果關(guān)系。 接著,基于能源-經(jīng)濟(jì)-環(huán)境(3E)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展理論,從能源協(xié)調(diào)度、環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)度和經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)度三個(gè)方面選取28個(gè)指標(biāo)構(gòu)建了能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)度綜合評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。根據(jù)2011年全國30個(gè)省市的3E指標(biāo)的最新統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,通過實(shí)證進(jìn)行了縱向比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)度排名前五的地區(qū)是廣東、江蘇、北京、山東和浙江。總體來看,我國能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)性普遍不高,地區(qū)協(xié)調(diào)度不平衡。 運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究方法,以經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)度、地域代表性、數(shù)據(jù)可獲得性為樣本選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)世界典型國家節(jié)能減排能源環(huán)境政策——碳稅、能源效率、節(jié)能科技研發(fā)及節(jié)能減排財(cái)政政策進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,為下一步能源環(huán)境政策效應(yīng)的動(dòng)態(tài)CGE研究的政策模擬和結(jié)果分析提供現(xiàn)實(shí)背景和依據(jù)。 借鑒國外先進(jìn)的CGE建模理論和技術(shù),構(gòu)建能反映能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展以及能反映能源環(huán)境政策對(duì)能源節(jié)約、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境保護(hù)作用程度的動(dòng)態(tài)CGE模型。運(yùn)用動(dòng)態(tài)CGE模型,研究碳稅和碳關(guān)稅征收、能源技術(shù)變動(dòng)及節(jié)能財(cái)政政策等方面設(shè)置能源環(huán)境政策的仿真研究場(chǎng)景,進(jìn)行能源消費(fèi)、碳排放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展仿真研究,測(cè)度能源環(huán)境政策的實(shí)施對(duì)我國宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)變量、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、節(jié)能減排、就業(yè)等影響程度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):碳稅征收方式、稅率大小及稅收返還方式不同,碳稅征收對(duì)我國宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)變量、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、節(jié)能減排以及就業(yè)的影響程度也呈現(xiàn)出不同方向、大小的變動(dòng)趨勢(shì)?傮w來說,碳稅收入用于補(bǔ)貼個(gè)人消費(fèi)者的征收方式對(duì)中國社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和能源環(huán)境影響效果是最好的,因此,國家在今后正式實(shí)施碳稅征收的情況下,可以考慮這種模式。碳關(guān)稅對(duì)中國形成了一個(gè)巨大挑戰(zhàn),甚至是對(duì)短期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的一種阻礙,但從中國低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度來看,無疑是對(duì)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一種外部驅(qū)動(dòng)。它可以在一定程度上加快我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí),約束我國企業(yè)的碳排放量,提高環(huán)保意識(shí)。因此,“碳關(guān)稅”挑戰(zhàn)可以成為中國實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的契機(jī)。能源技術(shù)變動(dòng)在短期和長(zhǎng)期中對(duì)主要宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)變量都有較為明顯的推動(dòng)作用,國民生產(chǎn)總值、居民福利、消費(fèi)、投資、政府支持及進(jìn)出口相對(duì)于預(yù)測(cè)期都有一定程度的正向偏離,而且技術(shù)變動(dòng)的幅度越大,所產(chǎn)生的正向偏離也就越大。能源使用技術(shù)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用能起到不錯(cuò)的節(jié)能減排效果。政府節(jié)能減排財(cái)政投入引起的全要素生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)會(huì)促進(jìn)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),對(duì)刺激消費(fèi),擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需,增加進(jìn)出口,促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,,實(shí)現(xiàn)國民增收等都有明顯的積極作用。通過政府節(jié)能減排財(cái)政投入的激勵(lì)效應(yīng),可以起到降低整個(gè)社會(huì)的能源消費(fèi)以及碳排放效應(yīng)。 最后,運(yùn)用對(duì)能源、環(huán)境政策執(zhí)行過程中可能出現(xiàn)的問題提出科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)和有針對(duì)性的對(duì)策方案,從而為決策部門制定和完善政策體系提供科學(xué)的決策依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Development is the eternal theme of human society, and sustainable development is the goal of human endeavour. The high-speed development of energy as a power raw material for economic and social development has become an essential factor in the development of modern society. Energy, while promoting economic growth and promoting economic development, will also produce a large amount of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. With the development of human economy and the increasing of energy consumption, the "global warming" and "ecosystem deterioration" caused by the increase of greenhouse gas emission are seriously threatening the survival and development of human beings. As the world's largest developing country, China is at a rapid economic development stage that needs to be supported by a large amount of energy. The sustained growth of energy consumption has led to the growth of greenhouse gas emissions, and has become the world's second largest energy-consuming country and the first major carbon-emitting country. Home. How to realize the good and fast sustainable development of China under the two-layer constraint of energy consumption and carbon emission is a very realistic discussion China is in the process of actively promoting the economic transformation and the harmonious development of the economic and social environment. If the Chinese economy is to withstand the dual challenge of energy and environmental protection, it is necessary to find a sustainable energy for energy The way to coordinate development between environmental protection and economic growth Therefore, to explore how to change the way of economic growth in the future, how to realize the coordinated development of energy consumption, carbon emission and economic growth, and how to overcome various obstacles, such as resources, funds and mechanisms, etc. It is important to realize the sustainable development and the mitigation and emission of greenhouse gas in the large background of global integration, and to walk out of a low-carbon development path suitable for China A. The paper is based on the technical path of the "Document Carding-Current Situation Analysis-Theoretical Modeling-Policy Simulation-Policy Recommendations" The paper discusses the relationship between economic growth and carbon emission, economic growth and energy consumption, energy consumption and carbon emission, and the relationship between energy consumption, carbon emission and economic growth in China. A Study on the Social and Economic Welfare Effect of Energy Environmental Policy by Using Dynamic and General Equilibrium Analysis Tool In this paper, the current situation of energy consumption, carbon emission and economic growth in China is summarized and summarized, and the relationship between economic growth and carbon emission, economic growth and energy consumption, energy consumption and carbon emission and the relationship between economic growth and carbon emission, economic growth and energy consumption, energy consumption and carbon emission are further discussed in the light of the new research method. Energy consumption, carbon emission and economic growth of the State The effect of energy consumption on economic growth is studied by means of a smooth transition regression model. The results show that there is a non-linear relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in China, and there is a significant transformation between the two. A non-parametric regression model is used to measure the multi-point-of-knee-type Kuznets curve in China's economic growth and environmental quality. The results show that different environmental fit curves exist in different regions, and the traditional inverted-"U" curve is basically It is not applicable. In addition to the "U"-type curve and the inverted "N"-type curve, the linear and the "M" 【學(xué)位授予單位】:湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:F224;F124.5;F124.1

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