建國初期工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略視閾下私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策演變研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-18 12:18
【摘要】：私營經(jīng)濟(jì)作為中國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分,它的發(fā)展關(guān)系著社會的穩(wěn)定、國家的進(jìn)步。然而,由于歷史原因以及外部文化的侵襲,使得有些認(rèn)識仍舊擺脫不了蘇聯(lián)意識形態(tài)的羈絆與西方新自由主義思想的纏繞,這種雜糅的思維困境難免對私營經(jīng)濟(jì)定位以及公私安全邊界的劃分產(chǎn)生脫離實(shí)際的影響,結(jié)果就是在一些時期中國私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展要么停步不前要么劇烈震蕩,難以使一些關(guān)乎私營經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展的政策落到實(shí)處。 從歷史來看,這些問題的出現(xiàn),最主要是對私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)理解不夠清晰,進(jìn)一步說也就是忽略了私營經(jīng)濟(jì)原本發(fā)展的一個重大歷史背景,那就是中華人民共和國為實(shí)現(xiàn)國家工業(yè)化制定的不同工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略。根據(jù)各國經(jīng)驗(yàn),工業(yè)化是推動各國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會不斷進(jìn)步的必經(jīng)階段,私營經(jīng)濟(jì)在各國的工業(yè)化過程中都發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。工業(yè)化作為一種對傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)方式的突破,它的戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施過程會逐步改變與傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)方式相配套的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,而經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的改變又會使私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策得到調(diào)整。因此,在工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略背景下分析私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的演變,可以清楚認(rèn)識工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略與私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的聯(lián)動關(guān)系,在這個基礎(chǔ)上深刻的把握私營經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的原本歷史脈絡(luò),從而有助于糾正私營經(jīng)濟(jì)定位不準(zhǔn)以及公私安全邊界模糊的問題,同時也能夠客觀把握私營經(jīng)濟(jì)在國家發(fā)展中應(yīng)有的地位和歷史作用,使私營經(jīng)濟(jì)隨著改革開放的不斷深入,真正釋放它該有的活力。 循著歷史的軌跡,本文通過考察1949-1956年工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施中私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的演變,了解這段時期工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略與私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的聯(lián)動關(guān)系,在明晰私營經(jīng)濟(jì)原本發(fā)展歷史軌跡同時也更加深刻的認(rèn)識到私營經(jīng)濟(jì)準(zhǔn)確定位以及公私安全邊界的重要性,最后通過總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)提出如何在當(dāng)下的改革中不斷的創(chuàng)新與完善私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的建議。 本文分為五個部分： 第一部分為導(dǎo)論,主要介紹本文的研究價值、研究現(xiàn)狀、文章思路、研究方法、創(chuàng)新與不足； 第二部分主要闡述了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)時期工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略下私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的演變 在這一時期,面對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受嚴(yán)重破壞的重大挑戰(zhàn),黨中央在《共同綱領(lǐng)》框架內(nèi),確定了以恢復(fù)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)為順利過渡到社會主義奠定物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)為目的,以工業(yè)為主導(dǎo),農(nóng)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ),農(nóng)輕重相互促進(jìn)為手段,通過市場與計(jì)劃雙重調(diào)節(jié)以推動工業(yè)化發(fā)展為途徑,成為了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)時期工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略的主要內(nèi)容。在工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施背景之下,私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策演變主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：1、調(diào)整公私關(guān)系為主要內(nèi)容；2、調(diào)整產(chǎn)銷關(guān)系；3、調(diào)整公私關(guān)系的同時也在積極調(diào)整勞資關(guān)系,要做到勞資兩利。通過政府在“利用、限制”這個政策框架的調(diào)整下,各種經(jīng)濟(jì)成分都得到了發(fā)展,到1952年底中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了恢復(fù)。與此同時農(nóng)輕重比例發(fā)展比較協(xié)調(diào),國營經(jīng)濟(jì)的比重逐步擴(kuò)大,私營經(jīng)濟(jì)整體得到積極發(fā)展的同時比例逐步減低。 第三部分主要闡述了過渡時期工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略下私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策演變 由于冷戰(zhàn)格局的形成與西方國家的封鎖,需要蘇聯(lián)的援助以及各種現(xiàn)實(shí)的選擇,落后薄弱的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)與建設(shè)社會主義物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的矛盾以及對世界工業(yè)化道路的認(rèn)識與比較,在過渡時期形成了優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè)工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略。優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè)戰(zhàn)略主要以重工業(yè)建設(shè)為中心建設(shè)社會主義經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)為目的,以單一公有制和計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)為實(shí)現(xiàn)為途徑,優(yōu)先配置重工業(yè)、農(nóng)輕重的非協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展為手段,成為了過渡時期工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略的主要內(nèi)容。在工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施背景之下,私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策演變主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：1、由部分公私合營到國營經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的全行業(yè)合并改組；2、由“四馬分肥”到定息政策。在這種戰(zhàn)略下私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策調(diào)整導(dǎo)致的后果：1、使我國工業(yè)體系具備了雛形；2、國家迅速完成了所有制的改造,私營經(jīng)濟(jì)退出了歷史舞臺。 第四部分對工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略下私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策演變的評析 由1949-1956年工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略下私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的一系列演變,逐步顯現(xiàn)了工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略與私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策是以經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的調(diào)整及變化而聯(lián)動發(fā)展的。通過比較兩時期對私營經(jīng)濟(jì)定位及公私邊界的劃分,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),私營經(jīng)濟(jì)定位由具有積極作用的經(jīng)濟(jì)力量變?yōu)楸仨毟脑斓慕?jīng)濟(jì)力量,公私邊界的劃分也由前一時期的界限比較清晰到后一時期的邊界迅速消失。再看工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略下私營經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的歷史演進(jìn),其遵循了馬克思恩格斯生產(chǎn)力與生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的矛盾運(yùn)動規(guī)律,推動國民經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展同時奠定了我國工業(yè)化基礎(chǔ)。但也出現(xiàn)了在工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施過程中私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的定位模糊,政策實(shí)際操作的偏差過大這些教訓(xùn)。 第五部分主要是對當(dāng)下的一些啟示： 結(jié)合歷史及當(dāng)代國情對私營經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有如下啟示：1、運(yùn)用“頂層設(shè)計(jì)”為私營經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)造公平的競爭環(huán)境；2、私營經(jīng)濟(jì)在發(fā)展中應(yīng)以準(zhǔn)確定位來促進(jìn)自身健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展；3、在國家新型工業(yè)化戰(zhàn)略的視野下需再次厘清政府與市場的安全邊界。
[Abstract]:The private economy is an important part of China's national economy, and its development is related to the stability of society and the progress of the country. However, because of the historical reasons and the invasion of the external culture, some of the cognition still can't get rid of the Soviet ideology and the winding of the western neoliberal thought. The difficult situation of this kind of omnibus is inevitable to the private economic positioning and the division of the public and private security boundary from the actual effect, and the result is that in some period the development of the private economy of the private economy is either stopped or shaken vigorously, It is difficult to place a number of policies on the healthy development of the private economy. From the historical point of view, the emergence of these problems is mainly the understanding of the historical development of the private economic policy, which is a major history of the development of the private economy. background, that is the different industrialization of the People's Republic of China for the realization of the national industrialization According to the experience of each country, industrialization is a necessary stage to promote the economic and social progress of all countries, and the private economy plays an irreplaceable role in the industrialization of all countries As a breakthrough in the traditional mode of production, industrialization can change the economic system which is matched with the traditional mode of production, and the change of the economic system will result in the private economic policy. Therefore, in the background of the industrialization strategy, the evolution of the private economic policy can be analyzed, and the linkage relation between the industrialization strategy and the private economic policy can be clearly recognized, and the original history of the development of the private economy can be grasped deeply on this basis. Therefore, it is helpful to correct the position of the private economy and the fuzzy problem of public-private security. At the same time, it can objectively grasp the status and historical role of the private economy in the development of the country, and make the private economy truly release it with the deepening of the reform and opening-up. On the track of history, this paper, through the study of the evolution of the private economic policy in the implementation of the industrialization strategy of 1949-1956, is to know the industrialization strategy and the private economic policy in the period The linkage relation between private and private economy and the importance of public-private security boundary are also more deeply recognized in the course of the original development of the private economy, and finally, how to innovate and improve the private economy in the current reform is put forward by summarizing the lessons and lessons The policy recommendations. This paper is divided into five parts: The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the research value, the research situation and the article of thought of this paper. The second part mainly expounds the period of national economy recovery The evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy is in this period, facing the heavy damage of the national economy The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), within the framework of the Joint Programme and the Central Committee, has established the material basis for the smooth transition of the national economy to socialism, with the aim of building the material base for the smooth transition of the national economy to socialism. The dual regulation of the plan to promote the industrialization development as a means of becoming a country the main content of the industrialization strategy in the period of economic recovery of the people. In the context of the implementation of the industrialization strategy, the policy evolution of the private economy mainly has the following points: 1. Adjust the public-private relationship as the main content; 2. Adjust the relation of production and marketing; 3. Adjust the public-private relationship and the public-private relations. in that light of the positive adjustment of the labour relations, labour and labour are to be achieved. through the use of the government and the adjustment of the policy framework, the various economic components have been developed, By the end of 1952, China's economy has been restored. At the same time, the proportion of the peasants and the peasants is relatively harmonious, the proportion of the state-owned economy is gradually expanded, and the private economy The proportion of the whole to the positive development is gradually reduced. The third part mainly The development of the private economic policy under the transitional industrialization strategy is explained by the formation of the cold war pattern and the west. The blockade of the Party's state requires the assistance of the Soviet Union and the choice of various realities, the weak industrial base and the contradiction between the construction of the socialist material base and the realization of the world's industrialization road. in that transition period, the development of the industrial strategy of the development of the heavy industry has been formed. the development of the heavy industry strategy is mainly aimed at the construction of the heavy industry as the central construction of the socialist economic base, and the single public ownership and the planned economy are realized as the purpose Ways to prioritize the non-coordination of heavy industry and agriculture in the context of the implementation of the industrialization strategy, the policy evolution of the private economy mainly has the following points: 1. The whole-industry merger and reorganization under the leadership of the public-private joint venture to the state-owned economy; 2. "e fertilitzer" to fixed-rate policy. The result of the adjustment of the private economic policy in this strategy: 1. The industrial system of our country has the rudiment. After the reform of the ownership is completed, the private economy has withdrawn from the historical dance The fourth part of the analysis of the evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy is a series of evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy of 1949-1956, gradually showing the work The business strategy and the private economic policy are developed by the adjustment and the change of the economic system. By comparing the two periods to the private economic positioning and the division of the public and private boundary, it can be found that, The private economic position is changed from the economic force with the positive effect to the economic power that must be transformed, and the public and private sides The division of the boundary is also clear from the boundary between the former period and the boundary of the latter period, and the historical evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy is followed by the productivity and production relations of Marx and Engels. The law of the contradiction movement and the development of the national economy have laid the foundation for the industrialization of our country. But it has also appeared in the industrial strategy The Fuzzy and Policy of the Private Economy in the Process of Application The fifth part is the following enlightenment to the development of the private economy: 1. Using the "trunk>" top-level design " creates a fair competition environment for the private economy; in the development of the private economy, the private economy should be accurately positioned to promote its own health
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F129;K27
本文編號：2340023
[Abstract]:The private economy is an important part of China's national economy, and its development is related to the stability of society and the progress of the country. However, because of the historical reasons and the invasion of the external culture, some of the cognition still can't get rid of the Soviet ideology and the winding of the western neoliberal thought. The difficult situation of this kind of omnibus is inevitable to the private economic positioning and the division of the public and private security boundary from the actual effect, and the result is that in some period the development of the private economy of the private economy is either stopped or shaken vigorously, It is difficult to place a number of policies on the healthy development of the private economy. From the historical point of view, the emergence of these problems is mainly the understanding of the historical development of the private economic policy, which is a major history of the development of the private economy. background, that is the different industrialization of the People's Republic of China for the realization of the national industrialization According to the experience of each country, industrialization is a necessary stage to promote the economic and social progress of all countries, and the private economy plays an irreplaceable role in the industrialization of all countries As a breakthrough in the traditional mode of production, industrialization can change the economic system which is matched with the traditional mode of production, and the change of the economic system will result in the private economic policy. Therefore, in the background of the industrialization strategy, the evolution of the private economic policy can be analyzed, and the linkage relation between the industrialization strategy and the private economic policy can be clearly recognized, and the original history of the development of the private economy can be grasped deeply on this basis. Therefore, it is helpful to correct the position of the private economy and the fuzzy problem of public-private security. At the same time, it can objectively grasp the status and historical role of the private economy in the development of the country, and make the private economy truly release it with the deepening of the reform and opening-up. On the track of history, this paper, through the study of the evolution of the private economic policy in the implementation of the industrialization strategy of 1949-1956, is to know the industrialization strategy and the private economic policy in the period The linkage relation between private and private economy and the importance of public-private security boundary are also more deeply recognized in the course of the original development of the private economy, and finally, how to innovate and improve the private economy in the current reform is put forward by summarizing the lessons and lessons The policy recommendations. This paper is divided into five parts: The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the research value, the research situation and the article of thought of this paper. The second part mainly expounds the period of national economy recovery The evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy is in this period, facing the heavy damage of the national economy The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), within the framework of the Joint Programme and the Central Committee, has established the material basis for the smooth transition of the national economy to socialism, with the aim of building the material base for the smooth transition of the national economy to socialism. The dual regulation of the plan to promote the industrialization development as a means of becoming a country the main content of the industrialization strategy in the period of economic recovery of the people. In the context of the implementation of the industrialization strategy, the policy evolution of the private economy mainly has the following points: 1. Adjust the public-private relationship as the main content; 2. Adjust the relation of production and marketing; 3. Adjust the public-private relationship and the public-private relations. in that light of the positive adjustment of the labour relations, labour and labour are to be achieved. through the use of the government and the adjustment of the policy framework, the various economic components have been developed, By the end of 1952, China's economy has been restored. At the same time, the proportion of the peasants and the peasants is relatively harmonious, the proportion of the state-owned economy is gradually expanded, and the private economy The proportion of the whole to the positive development is gradually reduced. The third part mainly The development of the private economic policy under the transitional industrialization strategy is explained by the formation of the cold war pattern and the west. The blockade of the Party's state requires the assistance of the Soviet Union and the choice of various realities, the weak industrial base and the contradiction between the construction of the socialist material base and the realization of the world's industrialization road. in that transition period, the development of the industrial strategy of the development of the heavy industry has been formed. the development of the heavy industry strategy is mainly aimed at the construction of the heavy industry as the central construction of the socialist economic base, and the single public ownership and the planned economy are realized as the purpose Ways to prioritize the non-coordination of heavy industry and agriculture in the context of the implementation of the industrialization strategy, the policy evolution of the private economy mainly has the following points: 1. The whole-industry merger and reorganization under the leadership of the public-private joint venture to the state-owned economy; 2. "e fertilitzer" to fixed-rate policy. The result of the adjustment of the private economic policy in this strategy: 1. The industrial system of our country has the rudiment. After the reform of the ownership is completed, the private economy has withdrawn from the historical dance The fourth part of the analysis of the evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy is a series of evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy of 1949-1956, gradually showing the work The business strategy and the private economic policy are developed by the adjustment and the change of the economic system. By comparing the two periods to the private economic positioning and the division of the public and private boundary, it can be found that, The private economic position is changed from the economic force with the positive effect to the economic power that must be transformed, and the public and private sides The division of the boundary is also clear from the boundary between the former period and the boundary of the latter period, and the historical evolution of the private economic policy under the industrialization strategy is followed by the productivity and production relations of Marx and Engels. The law of the contradiction movement and the development of the national economy have laid the foundation for the industrialization of our country. But it has also appeared in the industrial strategy The Fuzzy and Policy of the Private Economy in the Process of Application The fifth part is the following enlightenment to the development of the private economy: 1. Using the "trunk>" top-level design " creates a fair competition environment for the private economy; in the development of the private economy, the private economy should be accurately positioned to promote its own health
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F129;K27
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