【摘要】：最低工資制度一直是在勞動經(jīng)濟學中是富有爭議的一個話題。本文是在梳理國內(nèi)外關(guān)于最低工資標準文獻的基礎(chǔ)之上，應用了計量經(jīng)濟學方法，對我國最低工資標準對就業(yè)和收入分配的影響進行了分析。 最低工資制度雖然在各個國家已普遍建立，但對于其上調(diào)所產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟效應分析仍然是研究的焦點。最低工資標準制定太高雖縮小了收入差距但就業(yè)的減少回抵消部分甚至全部抵消其正效應，所以關(guān)于最低工資標準的經(jīng)驗研究是十分有必要和重要的。迄今，也有大量關(guān)于最低工資標準的經(jīng)濟效應方面的研究，但仍沒有達成共識。近年來我國最低工資標準上調(diào)的頻率有所加快，上調(diào)幅度都有所提升，而且我國的勞動力市場還不夠完善，市場經(jīng)濟運行機制也與西方國家有較大差異，因此根據(jù)我國國情來考察最低工資標準對就業(yè)和收入分配產(chǎn)生的影響也顯得尤為重要。 本文首先是關(guān)于最低工資標準的現(xiàn)狀分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)從2004年《最低工資規(guī)定》出版后最低工資標準上調(diào)的頻率和幅度都有所提升。而且我國最低工資標準的制定主要考慮了人均可支配收入、人均消費性支出和地區(qū)性生產(chǎn)總值，即主要將民生和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展等因素納入最低工資標準調(diào)整的參考因素。通過最低工資標準與各指標的比值發(fā)現(xiàn)我國的最低工資標準和勞動力價值普遍偏低，最低工資標準并未發(fā)揮其保障性和公平性的作用。 然后分別進行就業(yè)效應、收入分配效應以及聯(lián)立模型的實證分析。結(jié)果表明我國最低工資標準的就業(yè)效應雖為負，，但是就業(yè)彈性很小，滯后一期的更加不顯著。最低工資標準的收入分配效應則為正，且通過聯(lián)立模型回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn)最低其收入分配的正效應遠遠大于就業(yè)的負效應，表明我國最低工資標準還有進一步提升的空間。 最后本文提出了適當提高最低工資標準以縮小收入差距，并建立以“分地區(qū)”為基礎(chǔ)，以“分行業(yè)“為輔助的最低工資標準分類機制的建議，在此基礎(chǔ)上來完善最低工資標準的動態(tài)調(diào)整機制，將最低工資標準的調(diào)整納入社會平均工資以及地區(qū)性生產(chǎn)總值等因素納入其中。
[Abstract]:The minimum wage system has been a controversial topic in labor economics. On the basis of combing the literature about minimum wage standard at home and abroad, this paper applies econometrics method to analyze the influence of minimum wage standard on employment and income distribution in China. Although the minimum wage system has been widely established in various countries, the economic effect of its increase is still the focus of research. Although the minimum wage is too high to narrow the income gap, the reduction of employment offset some or even all of its positive effects, so the empirical study on the minimum wage standard is very necessary and important. So far, there has been a lot of research on the economic effects of the minimum wage, but there is still no consensus. In recent years, the frequency of the minimum wage increase has been accelerated, and the rate of increase has been increased. Moreover, the labor market in our country is not perfect enough, and the operating mechanism of the market economy is also quite different from that of the western countries. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the influence of minimum wage on employment and income distribution according to our national conditions. This paper first analyzes the current situation of minimum wage, and finds that the frequency and range of minimum wage increase have been increased since the publication of minimum wage stipulation in 2004. Moreover, the formulation of the minimum wage standard in China mainly takes into account the per capita disposable income, per capita consumption expenditure and regional gross domestic product, that is, the factors such as people's livelihood and economic development are taken into account in the adjustment of the minimum wage standard. Through the ratio of minimum wage standard to every index, it is found that the minimum wage standard and labor value in our country are generally low, and the minimum wage standard does not play its role of guarantee and fairness. Then the empirical analysis of employment effect, income distribution effect and simultaneous model is carried out. The results show that the employment effect of minimum wage in China is negative, but the employment elasticity is very small, and the lag period is even less significant. The income distribution effect of minimum wage standard is positive, and the regression analysis of simultaneous model shows that the positive effect of minimum wage distribution is far greater than the negative effect of employment, which indicates that there is room for further improvement of minimum wage standard in China. Finally, this paper puts forward the suggestion of raising the minimum wage appropriately to narrow the income gap, and establishing a classification mechanism of minimum wage based on "regional" and "sub-industry". On this basis, the dynamic adjustment mechanism of minimum wage standard should be perfected, and the adjustment of minimum wage standard should be incorporated into social average wage and regional GDP and other factors.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F249.2;F124.7

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本文編號：2321022