【摘要】：收入分配問題是關(guān)系著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以及和諧社會構(gòu)建的重大問題，而公平與效率是我國收入分配體制改革經(jīng)常探討的重大課題。如何正確處理收入分配領(lǐng)域中的公平與效率，對促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和社會全面進(jìn)步、全面建成小康社會具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 收入分配領(lǐng)域中的公平主要包括起點(diǎn)公平、過程公平和結(jié)果公平，三個環(huán)節(jié)缺一不可。效率與公平是既對立又統(tǒng)一的關(guān)系。對立性主要表現(xiàn)在：不能過分追求效率或是追求收入均等，否則，將會導(dǎo)致公平或者效率的缺失；統(tǒng)一性表現(xiàn)在：效率是實(shí)現(xiàn)公平的基礎(chǔ)，公平反過來又能促進(jìn)效率的進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)。西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)于效率和公平關(guān)系的理論主要有效率優(yōu)先論、公平優(yōu)先論和公平與效率兼顧論。馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家以及我黨主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人對公平與效率問題都做過不同闡述，這些為我們處理好公平與效率的關(guān)系提供了重要的理論指導(dǎo)。 對公平與效率關(guān)系的認(rèn)識，我們是在幾十年的社會主義實(shí)踐中逐步走向成熟的，期間也付出了沉重的代價。改革開放前我們推崇平均主義的收入分配理念，損害了效率。改革開放后的30多年，國家調(diào)節(jié)二者關(guān)系的指導(dǎo)思想也隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的變化不斷調(diào)整：改革開放之初的否定平均，強(qiáng)調(diào)效率，轉(zhuǎn)為后來的“兼顧效率與公平”和“效率優(yōu)先，兼顧公平”；再轉(zhuǎn)到現(xiàn)階段的“注重效率，維護(hù)公平”，再到“更加注重社會公平”。 我國現(xiàn)階段在收入分配領(lǐng)域效率與公平問題突出表現(xiàn)在收入差距的不斷擴(kuò)大趨勢。這種狀況集中體現(xiàn)在社會階層、城鄉(xiāng)、地區(qū)、行業(yè)這四個方面的收入差距呈擴(kuò)大趨勢。形成收入差距擴(kuò)大的原因既有制度的因素，也有體制、政策的因素。解決我國現(xiàn)階段收入分配領(lǐng)域中效率與公平問題，就要在馬克思主義公平與效率思想的指導(dǎo)下，，同時借鑒西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的有關(guān)理論，結(jié)合我國的現(xiàn)實(shí)國情，采取相應(yīng)的對策。一是在初次分配領(lǐng)域不僅要體現(xiàn)效率，也要更加注重公平分配；二是在再分配領(lǐng)域，要充分體現(xiàn)社會公平。只有從初次分配和再次分配兩方面來規(guī)范收入分配政策，注重實(shí)現(xiàn)社會公平，公平問題才能得到很好解決，公平與效率的關(guān)系才能從失衡走向和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Income distribution is a major problem related to the development of economy and the construction of a harmonious society in our country, and fairness and efficiency are important topics that are often discussed in the reform of income distribution system in our country. How to correctly deal with the fairness and efficiency in the field of income distribution is of great practical significance to promote the sustained and healthy development of our economy and the overall progress of the society and to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The fairness in income distribution mainly includes starting point fairness, process fairness and result fairness. Efficiency and fairness are both opposite and unified relations. Opposites are mainly manifested in the following aspects: efficiency cannot be excessively pursued or income equality is pursued, otherwise, it will lead to fairness or lack of efficiency; unity is the basis for achieving fairness. Equity in turn can promote the further realization of efficiency. The western economists' theories on the relationship between efficiency and fairness mainly include the theory of efficiency priority, the theory of fairness priority and the theory of balance between equity and efficiency. Marxist classical writers and the main leaders of our Party have all made different expositions on the issues of fairness and efficiency, which provide important theoretical guidance for us to deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency. To understand the relationship between fairness and efficiency, we gradually matured in decades of socialist practice, and paid a heavy price during that time. Before reform and opening up, we canonized equalitarianism income distribution idea, damaged the efficiency. More than 30 years after the reform and opening up to the outside world, the guiding ideology of the state in regulating the relationship between the two has been constantly adjusted along with the changes in social and economic conditions: the negative average at the beginning of reform and opening up emphasized efficiency. It has been transferred to the later "giving consideration to efficiency and fairness" and "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness"; and then to "paying attention to efficiency and safeguarding fairness" at the present stage, and then to "paying more attention to social equity". The problem of efficiency and fairness in the field of income distribution in our country at present is manifested in the widening trend of income gap. This situation embodies in the social class, urban and rural areas, regions, industries in these four areas of income gap is expanding. The reasons for the widening of income gap are not only institutional factors, but also institutional and policy factors. To solve the problem of efficiency and fairness in the field of income distribution in our country at present, under the guidance of Marxist thought of fairness and efficiency, at the same time, we should draw lessons from the relevant theories of western economists and take corresponding countermeasures according to the actual situation of our country. First, we should not only reflect efficiency, but also pay more attention to fair distribution in the field of initial distribution; second, in the field of redistribution, we should fully reflect social equity. Only by standardizing the income distribution policy from the two aspects of initial distribution and redistribution, paying attention to the realization of social equity, can the problem of equity be solved well, and the relationship between fairness and efficiency can be developed from imbalance to harmony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7

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