現(xiàn)階段我國公平分配問題及其實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-05 21:09
【摘要】：公平分配問題是一個熱點(diǎn)問題,研究的視角很廣闊。研究的視角不同給出的界定也不盡相同。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,把公平分配作為一個動態(tài)的過程來研究。 公平分配是人們對社會財富、社會資源分配是否合理適度的一種價值判斷,是一個動態(tài)的過程,包括起點(diǎn)公平、過程公平、結(jié)果公平三個環(huán)節(jié)。起點(diǎn)公平是指每個公民都有平等地參與社會財富、社會資源分配的權(quán)利；過程公平是指對社會財富、社會資源進(jìn)行分配的過程要體現(xiàn)公平原則,努力做到不偏不倚；結(jié)果公平是指社會財富、社會資源按一定的比例和制度均衡地分配到公民手中。本文簡要梳理了馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家關(guān)于公平分配的理論與觀點(diǎn),作為課題研究的理論基礎(chǔ)與指導(dǎo)。 與公平分配的三個環(huán)節(jié)相對應(yīng),現(xiàn)階段我國分配領(lǐng)域存在的主要問題是起點(diǎn)不公平、過程不公平和結(jié)果不公平。起點(diǎn)不公平主要表現(xiàn)為教育資源配置不公和就業(yè)機(jī)會不均等。過程不公平主要表現(xiàn)為初次分配中生產(chǎn)要素的投入與收益不對等,企業(yè)分配的平均化與收入差距懸殊并存,非法收入和灰色收入等不正當(dāng)收入存在；再分配過程中社會保障覆蓋面窄,不同社會成員社會保障的差距明顯,不同社會成員的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)不一樣,不同地區(qū)財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付水平不均等。結(jié)果不公平主要表現(xiàn)為反映居民收入差距的基尼系數(shù)較高,居民收入差距過大。 現(xiàn)階段公平分配領(lǐng)域存在問題是由很多因素共同作用的結(jié)果,包括城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的存在；初次分配制度不健全,初次分配中勞動報酬占的比重少；再分配中的稅收、社會保障、轉(zhuǎn)移支付等制度不健全；市場機(jī)制不完善；社會階層之間非互惠互利局面的形成和社會不公代際傳遞等。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)公平分配,我們必須打破城鄉(xiāng)二元格局；完善初次分配制度,主要是提高勞動報酬占GDP比重,完善工資正常增長機(jī)制,完善市場法規(guī),規(guī)范收入分配秩序；完善再分配中的稅收、社會保障、轉(zhuǎn)移支付等制度；積極探索包括市場、政府以外主體參與的第三次分配,發(fā)揮其對前兩次分配的補(bǔ)充作用；完善市場機(jī)制,創(chuàng)建公平的競爭環(huán)境；強(qiáng)化政府再調(diào)節(jié)力度,規(guī)范政府行為；形成社會成員之間互惠互利的利益格局,使得城鄉(xiāng)之間、地區(qū)之間不同階層的社會成員之間自由流動,互惠互利,實(shí)現(xiàn)十八大所提出的“使發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民,朝著共同富裕方向穩(wěn)步前進(jìn)”的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:The issue of fair distribution is a hot issue, the perspective of research is very broad. Different perspectives of the study give different definitions. On the basis of previous studies, this paper studies fair distribution as a dynamic process. Fair distribution is a kind of value judgment on social wealth and whether social resource distribution is reasonable or not. It is a dynamic process, which includes three links: starting point fairness, process fairness and result fairness. Fairness of starting point means that every citizen has the right to participate in social wealth and social resources equally, and process fairness means that the process of distribution of social wealth and social resources should embody the principle of fairness and strive to be impartial. The result equity refers to the social wealth, the social resources are distributed evenly to the citizens according to certain proportion and system. This paper briefly combs the theories and viewpoints of Marxist classical writers on fair distribution as the theoretical basis and guidance of the research. Corresponding to the three links of fair distribution, the main problems in the field of distribution in China at present are unfair starting point, unfair process and unfair result. The unfair starting point is mainly reflected in unfair allocation of educational resources and unequal employment opportunities. The process unfairness is mainly manifested in the unequal input and income of production factors in the initial distribution, the coexistence of the average distribution of enterprises and the income gap, the existence of illegal income and gray income, etc. In the process of redistribution, the coverage of social security is narrow, the difference of social security between different social members is obvious, the tax burden of different social members is different, and the level of financial transfer payment is not equal in different regions. The results showed that the Gini coefficient which reflected the income gap was higher and the income gap was too large. At present, the problems in the field of fair distribution are the result of the joint action of many factors, including the existence of dual structure between urban and rural areas, the imperfect primary distribution system, the low proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, the tax revenue and social security in redistribution. The system of transfer payment is not perfect; the market mechanism is not perfect; the formation of non-reciprocal and mutually beneficial situation among social strata and the transmission of social injustice between generations. In order to realize fair distribution, we must break the dual pattern of urban and rural areas, perfect the primary distribution system, improve the proportion of labor reward to GDP, perfect the mechanism of normal wage growth, perfect the market regulations, and standardize the order of income distribution. To improve the taxation, social security, transfer payment and other systems in redistribution; to actively explore the third distribution, including the participation of the market and non-government entities; to give play to its supplementary role to the first two distributions; and to improve the market mechanism, To create a level playing field; to strengthen government reregulation, to regulate government behavior; to form a mutually beneficial pattern of interests among members of society, so that social members from urban and rural areas and between different strata of the region can move freely and mutually benefit. The aim of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is to make the achievements of development more equitable and beneficial to all the people and make steady progress towards the direction of common prosperity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7
本文編號：2254875
[Abstract]:The issue of fair distribution is a hot issue, the perspective of research is very broad. Different perspectives of the study give different definitions. On the basis of previous studies, this paper studies fair distribution as a dynamic process. Fair distribution is a kind of value judgment on social wealth and whether social resource distribution is reasonable or not. It is a dynamic process, which includes three links: starting point fairness, process fairness and result fairness. Fairness of starting point means that every citizen has the right to participate in social wealth and social resources equally, and process fairness means that the process of distribution of social wealth and social resources should embody the principle of fairness and strive to be impartial. The result equity refers to the social wealth, the social resources are distributed evenly to the citizens according to certain proportion and system. This paper briefly combs the theories and viewpoints of Marxist classical writers on fair distribution as the theoretical basis and guidance of the research. Corresponding to the three links of fair distribution, the main problems in the field of distribution in China at present are unfair starting point, unfair process and unfair result. The unfair starting point is mainly reflected in unfair allocation of educational resources and unequal employment opportunities. The process unfairness is mainly manifested in the unequal input and income of production factors in the initial distribution, the coexistence of the average distribution of enterprises and the income gap, the existence of illegal income and gray income, etc. In the process of redistribution, the coverage of social security is narrow, the difference of social security between different social members is obvious, the tax burden of different social members is different, and the level of financial transfer payment is not equal in different regions. The results showed that the Gini coefficient which reflected the income gap was higher and the income gap was too large. At present, the problems in the field of fair distribution are the result of the joint action of many factors, including the existence of dual structure between urban and rural areas, the imperfect primary distribution system, the low proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, the tax revenue and social security in redistribution. The system of transfer payment is not perfect; the market mechanism is not perfect; the formation of non-reciprocal and mutually beneficial situation among social strata and the transmission of social injustice between generations. In order to realize fair distribution, we must break the dual pattern of urban and rural areas, perfect the primary distribution system, improve the proportion of labor reward to GDP, perfect the mechanism of normal wage growth, perfect the market regulations, and standardize the order of income distribution. To improve the taxation, social security, transfer payment and other systems in redistribution; to actively explore the third distribution, including the participation of the market and non-government entities; to give play to its supplementary role to the first two distributions; and to improve the market mechanism, To create a level playing field; to strengthen government reregulation, to regulate government behavior; to form a mutually beneficial pattern of interests among members of society, so that social members from urban and rural areas and between different strata of the region can move freely and mutually benefit. The aim of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is to make the achievements of development more equitable and beneficial to all the people and make steady progress towards the direction of common prosperity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 夏業(yè)良;;中國財富集中度遠(yuǎn)超美國[J];21世紀(jì);2010年08期
2 王春光;;警惕我國貧富差距的代際傳承和趨固化問題[J];中國黨政干部論壇;2006年09期
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