【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國(guó)的GDP就一直保持著比較快的增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭,以1978年的GDP為基期,從1978年到2010年,我國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的增長(zhǎng)率的平均水平為9.4%,但是快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭并沒有緩解我國(guó)的就業(yè)方面的壓力,尤其是20世紀(jì)初期以后,失業(yè)率始終都比較高,這種現(xiàn)象是與各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家得出的理論抽象經(jīng)驗(yàn)相違背的。例如奧肯定律表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)帶來相應(yīng)的就業(yè)的增長(zhǎng)。因此經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)之前應(yīng)該呈現(xiàn)的是正相關(guān)的關(guān)系。我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程顯然是與奧肯定律相違背的。從20世紀(jì)90年代來,我國(guó)就業(yè)問題就呈現(xiàn)日益嚴(yán)重的趨勢(shì),這顯然與我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng)相違背,如何解釋這一現(xiàn)象關(guān)系到治理失業(yè)與擴(kuò)大就業(yè)的政策選擇。而本文就是要從生產(chǎn)要素價(jià)格扭曲的視角出發(fā)對(duì)兩者不一致的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析,提出相關(guān)的政策與建議。 論文以我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)為背景,以馬克思主義的相對(duì)過剩人口理論和西方新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論為理論基礎(chǔ),以生產(chǎn)要素市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格變遷為主線,分析了我國(guó)要素價(jià)格扭曲的內(nèi)在形成機(jī)制和歷史沿革,并以此為基礎(chǔ)分析了我國(guó)要素價(jià)格扭曲對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)不一致現(xiàn)象的影響,并提出相關(guān)的政策建議。論文在第一章主要對(duì)相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了歸納和綜述,第一部分首先歸納了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)關(guān)系的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),然后是對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外關(guān)于形成這種現(xiàn)象的原因進(jìn)行歸納與總結(jié)。第二部分梳理了我國(guó)從要素價(jià)格扭曲的視角出發(fā)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與就業(yè)關(guān)系悖論的解釋的文獻(xiàn)。第二章通過數(shù)據(jù)分析對(duì)比了1978-2010年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的速度與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)速度之間的差距,以及通過對(duì)就業(yè)彈性的測(cè)算,得出了我國(guó)從改革開放以后高增長(zhǎng)與高失業(yè)的現(xiàn)象越來越明顯的現(xiàn)象。第三章從馬克思的相對(duì)過剩人口理論和新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論出發(fā)分析了我國(guó)要素價(jià)格扭曲的制度性因素,然后總結(jié)了我國(guó)要素價(jià)格的歷史沿革,以及我國(guó)要素價(jià)格扭曲的表現(xiàn)。最后運(yùn)用1978-2010年的時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)用C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)法對(duì)要素價(jià)格的相對(duì)扭曲與絕對(duì)扭曲進(jìn)行了測(cè)度,得出我國(guó)的資本市場(chǎng)和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)存在著嚴(yán)重的價(jià)格扭曲的現(xiàn)象。而這種價(jià)格的扭曲的現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致了高增長(zhǎng)與高失業(yè)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。第四章以馬克思主義的資本有機(jī)構(gòu)成理論和新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ),分析了要素價(jià)格扭曲理論對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)非一致性的現(xiàn)象的影響。為了達(dá)到分析的效果,讓結(jié)論更加具有說服力,文章還用面板數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)這一結(jié)論進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。最后我們還運(yùn)用了2008-2010年的全國(guó)工業(yè)行業(yè)的面版數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用生產(chǎn)函數(shù)法,對(duì)不同所有制部門的替代彈性進(jìn)行了實(shí)證的分析。這一分析的結(jié)論使文章的結(jié)論更加具有說服力。第五章是論文的結(jié)論和啟示部分。本部分主要是提煉出全文的主要研究結(jié)論,指出文章的理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于通過運(yùn)用馬克思的相對(duì)過剩人口理論和新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論對(duì)中國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的要素價(jià)格扭曲問題進(jìn)行研究,從而對(duì)以市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)為假設(shè)前提的西方傳統(tǒng)扭曲理論進(jìn)行了有益的豐富與補(bǔ)充；其次,國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)要素價(jià)格扭曲的研究雖已產(chǎn)生較多文獻(xiàn),但總體來看是規(guī)范性研究多,實(shí)證性研究少；單個(gè)要素的研究多,多要素的綜合研究少。針對(duì)這一問題,本論文運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代計(jì)量分析方法和相對(duì)較新的資料數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)中國(guó)生產(chǎn)要素價(jià)格扭曲的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,為相關(guān)政策的研究制定提供經(jīng)驗(yàn)證據(jù),以彌補(bǔ)過去研究的不足。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's GDP has maintained a relatively rapid growth momentum. Taking 1978's GDP as the base period, the average growth rate of China's GDP from 1978 to 2010 was 9.4%. However, the rapid economic growth momentum has not eased the pressure of employment in China, especially since the early 20th century, unemployment. This phenomenon is contrary to the economic practical experience of all countries and the abstract theoretical experience of economists. For example, Ozon's law shows that economic growth will bring about corresponding employment growth. Obviously, it is contrary to the Okun's Law. Since the 1990s, the employment problem in China has become increasingly serious, which is obviously contrary to the rapid economic growth in China. How to explain this phenomenon is related to the policy choice of controlling unemployment and expanding employment. The phenomenon of inconsistency is analyzed, and relevant policies and suggestions are put forward.
Based on the background of China's transitional economy, the theory of Marxist relative overpopulation and the theory of Western New Institutional economics, and the price change of factor market as the main line, this paper analyzes the internal formation mechanism and historical evolution of factor price distortion in China, and on this basis analyzes the factor price distortion in China. The first chapter mainly summarizes and summarizes the relevant research literature. The first part first summarizes the related literature on the relationship between economic growth and employment growth, and then attributes the causes of this phenomenon at home and abroad. The second part combs the literature explaining the paradox of the relationship between economic growth and employment from the perspective of factor price distortion. The second chapter compares the difference between the speed of economic growth and the speed of employment growth from 1978 to 2010 through data analysis, and through the measurement of employment elasticity, draws the conclusion that China should change from the former to the latter. After the reform and opening up, the phenomenon of high growth and high unemployment is becoming more and more obvious. Chapter three analyzes the institutional factors of factor price distortion in China from Marx's theory of relative overpopulation and the theory of new institutional economics, then summarizes the historical evolution of factor price in China and the performance of factor price distortion in China. Using the time series data from 1978 to 2010, the relative and absolute distortions of factor prices are measured by C-D production function method. It is concluded that serious price distortions exist in China's capital market and labor market. Based on Marxist theory of capital organic composition and the theory of new institutional economics, this paper analyzes the influence of factor price distortion theory on the inconsistency between economic growth and employment growth. We also make an empirical analysis of the substitution elasticity of different ownership sectors by using the production function method with the panel data of the national industrial sectors from 2008 to 2010. The conclusion of this analysis makes the conclusion more convincing. The conclusion of the study points out the theoretical value and practical significance of the article.
The innovation of this paper lies in using Marx's theory of relative overpopulation and the theory of new institutional economics to study the problem of factor price distortion in China's transitional period, thus enriching and supplementing the traditional western theory of factor price distortion based on the assumption of market economy; secondly, the domestic theory of factor price distortion. Although more literature has been produced, there are more normative studies and less empirical studies on the whole; more studies on individual factors and less comprehensive studies on multiple factors. Provide empirical evidence for the formulation of relevant policies to make up for the deficiencies of past studies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124;F249.2;F224

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