【摘要】：環(huán)境為人類的生存和發(fā)展提供了必需的資源和條件,是我們生存和發(fā)展的前提。人類進(jìn)入工業(yè)社會(huì)以來(lái),取得了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成就,前所未有地改善了人類的生存和發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,但是與此同時(shí),工業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)自然環(huán)境的影響越來(lái)越大。近些年來(lái),各種環(huán)境事件頻出,使人類面臨著前所未有的環(huán)境危機(jī),大量排放的二氧化碳,更是嚴(yán)重影響了全球的氣候環(huán)境。十八大報(bào)告指出,要將生態(tài)文明建設(shè)作為社會(huì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要部分,堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展觀之路,提高人們生活的質(zhì)量。環(huán)境的公共產(chǎn)品性,決定了單純依靠市場(chǎng)手段很難達(dá)到有效保護(hù)的目標(biāo),因此政府有必要充分地利用各種政策工具,促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。 本文運(yùn)用政治學(xué)、行政學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等基本理論,闡釋了政府利用政策工具促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必要性,分析了我國(guó)促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策工具存在的不足,探討了完善我國(guó)促進(jìn)我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策工具的途徑。 全文分為五個(gè)部分： 第一部分對(duì)選題的緣由和研究意義進(jìn)行了闡述,對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)的研究進(jìn)行了總結(jié)回顧,對(duì)本文的研究思路和研究方法及本文的創(chuàng)新和不足進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。 第二部分對(duì)相關(guān)基本概念和理論進(jìn)行了闡釋。本部分首先對(duì)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的概念進(jìn)行了梳理,對(duì)政策工具的概念進(jìn)行了闡釋,基于本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容,將政策工具區(qū)分為命令控制型工具、經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)型工具、社會(huì)調(diào)節(jié)型工具這三大類,并對(duì)這三類工具的特點(diǎn)和局限性進(jìn)行了探討；其次,本部分對(duì)市場(chǎng)失靈理論、政府環(huán)境責(zé)任理論、現(xiàn)代規(guī)制理論、路徑依賴?yán)碚摰冗M(jìn)行了介紹,結(jié)合其理論內(nèi)容,闡釋了政府參與低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的必要性和優(yōu)勢(shì)。 第三部分對(duì)我國(guó)促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的相關(guān)政策工具的內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)和問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了歸納和分析。本部分首先歸納了近些年我國(guó)促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策工具的主要內(nèi)容,接著分析了我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)政策工具的基本特點(diǎn),最后重點(diǎn)剖析了我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)政策工具存在的問(wèn)題,包括財(cái)稅政策不夠靈活、責(zé)任體系不健全、政策的組合效益沒(méi)有得到充分的顯現(xiàn)等等。 第四部分對(duì)國(guó)外促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策工具進(jìn)行了介紹和分析。首先對(duì)國(guó)外在促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中政府環(huán)境政策工具經(jīng)歷的以強(qiáng)制性手段占絕對(duì)主導(dǎo)地位的階段、注重發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制作用的階段、倡導(dǎo)多方參與階段這三個(gè)階段進(jìn)行了介紹,并對(duì)英國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在利用政策工具促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面的實(shí)踐進(jìn)行了總結(jié),從中可以看出,我國(guó)應(yīng)該重視市場(chǎng)化工具的利用、應(yīng)注重發(fā)揮中間力量的作用、應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)的主體作用等。 第五部分提出了完善促進(jìn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策工具體系的構(gòu)想。包括應(yīng)該建立起一種以強(qiáng)制型工具為支撐、以激勵(lì)型工具為主體、以社會(huì)調(diào)節(jié)型工具為引導(dǎo)的政策體系,同時(shí)要完善相關(guān)的配套制度,以形成一個(gè)完善的組合體系,充分發(fā)揮其組合效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Environment provides the necessary resources and conditions for human survival and development, which is the premise of our survival and development. Since human beings entered the industrial society, they have made tremendous economic development achievements, unprecedented improvements in human survival and development, but at the same time, the impact of industrial development on the natural environment is growing. Over the past few years, various environmental incidents have occurred frequently, making mankind face an unprecedented environmental crisis. Large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions have seriously affected the global climate and environment. The nature of public goods determines that relying solely on market means is difficult to achieve the goal of effective protection. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to make full use of various policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy.
This paper uses the basic theories of politics, administration and economics to explain the necessity of using policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy, analyzes the shortcomings of policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy in China, and discusses the ways to improve the policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy in China.
The full text is divided into five parts.
The first part elaborates the reason and significance of the topic selection, summarizes and reviews the relevant research at home and abroad, and explains the research ideas and methods and the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.
The second part explains the related basic concepts and theories. Firstly, this part combs the concept of low-carbon economy and explains the concept of policy tools. Based on the research content of this paper, policy tools are divided into three categories: command-control tools, economic incentive tools and social adjustment tools, and these three categories are also discussed. Secondly, this part introduces the market failure theory, government environmental responsibility theory, modern regulation theory, path dependence theory, and explains the necessity and advantages of government participation in low-carbon economic construction.
The third part summarizes and analyzes the content, characteristics and problems of the relevant policy tools for promoting the development of low-carbon economy in China. This part first summarizes the main contents of the policy tools for promoting the development of low-carbon economy in recent years, then analyzes the basic characteristics of the low-carbon economic policy tools in China, and finally focuses on the analysis of China's low-carbon economic policy tools. The problems of low-carbon economic policy instruments include the lack of flexibility of fiscal and taxation policies, the imperfect responsibility system, the insufficient combination of policy benefits and so on.
The fourth part introduces and analyzes the foreign policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy. Firstly, the government environmental policy tools in promoting the development of low-carbon economy in foreign countries have gone through the stage of absolutely dominant by compulsory means, focusing on the stage of market mechanism, and advocating multi-party participation. This paper introduces and summarizes the practices of the developed countries such as Britain, Germany and Japan in using policy tools to promote the development of low-carbon economy.
The fifth part puts forward the idea of perfecting the policy tool system for promoting the development of low-carbon economy, including establishing a policy system with compulsory tools as the support, incentive tools as the main body, and social adjustment tools as the guide. At the same time, we should perfect the relevant supporting system to form a perfect combination system and fully develop it. The combination effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124.5

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本文編號(hào)：2240061