【摘要】：改革開放30年以來我國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長，能源效率大大提高，人民的生活水平得到了改善，但也應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，當(dāng)前我國能源效率處于世界平均水平以下，與世界發(fā)達(dá)國家相比差距較大。我國能源儲(chǔ)備總量位于世界前列，但人均能源與世界發(fā)達(dá)國家相比差距較大，且遠(yuǎn)不及世界平均水平。 出臺(tái)不久的《能源發(fā)展“十二五”規(guī)劃》中指出，“十二五”時(shí)期，當(dāng)前國情世情繼續(xù)發(fā)生著深刻變化，國際經(jīng)濟(jì)政治形勢更加嚴(yán)峻、復(fù)雜，與此同時(shí)，我國能源發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出了新的階段性特點(diǎn)，我國面臨著由能源大國轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟茉磸?qiáng)國的歷史機(jī)遇，同時(shí)也面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)和問題。該規(guī)劃也給出了2015年能源發(fā)展的目標(biāo)：主要是能源消費(fèi)總量和能源效率兩方面，能源消費(fèi)總量控制用電量6.15萬億千瓦時(shí)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤40億噸，能源效率控制煉油加工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)油消耗下降至63千克/噸，能源資源綜合利用效率提高至38%，，火電供電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤消耗下降至323克/千瓦時(shí)。 提高能源效率已是一國經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、提高一國綜合國力等的必然要求，因此，本文是基于以上的現(xiàn)實(shí)需要來探討技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率的影響。然而以往分析使用的計(jì)量模型，要么利用變量的橫截面數(shù)據(jù)，來分析地區(qū)與地區(qū)之間技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率靜態(tài)的影響；要么利用變量的時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)，來分析隨著時(shí)間的推移技術(shù)進(jìn)步水平對我國能源效率動(dòng)態(tài)的影響；即使同時(shí)利用變量的橫截面和時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)，分析我國技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率的影響，然而他們都忽略了能源效率具有空間效應(yīng)這一事實(shí)，即能源效率具有空間依賴性和空間差異性。實(shí)際上，技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率的影響是在空間和時(shí)間兩個(gè)尺度上耦合進(jìn)行的，僅利用橫截面或時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)可能無法準(zhǔn)確分析技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率影響，更難深刻而深入地研究技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率影響的演變機(jī)制及動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展過程。因此，在探討我國技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率的影響時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮能源效率的空間效應(yīng)。 本文采用我國大陸30個(gè)省市自治區(qū)的面板數(shù)據(jù)，首先進(jìn)行能源效率的空間自相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)，實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)表明我國能源效率存在著顯著性的空間依賴性和空間差異性，我國能源效率具有空間效應(yīng)。然后在進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用固定效應(yīng)空間面板模型探討技術(shù)進(jìn)步對能源效率的影響，實(shí)證分析表明地區(qū)研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展投入、人力資本、專利授權(quán)數(shù)對提高我國區(qū)域能源效率有積極的促進(jìn)作用，外商直接投資在提高我國能源效率方面并沒有發(fā)揮作用。我國能源效率在地理位置上呈現(xiàn)出來的區(qū)域分布的區(qū)域特征要強(qiáng)于能源效率時(shí)間性或階段性特征，影響我國能源效率空間分布格局的最主要因素是我國能源效率在各省市自治區(qū)的地區(qū)性差異。最后，根據(jù)實(shí)證模型的結(jié)論提出我國應(yīng)加大科技投入，充分發(fā)揮能源效率空間溢出效應(yīng)的作用，使得我國區(qū)域能源效率趨向一致。
[Abstract]:After 30 years of reform and opening up, China has undergone earth-shaking changes. Its economy has grown at a high speed, its energy efficiency has been greatly improved, and its people's living standards have been improved. However, it should also be recognized that the current energy efficiency of our country is below the world average. Compared with the developed countries in the world, the gap is large. China's total energy reserves are among the highest in the world, but the per capita energy is far from that of the developed countries and is far below the world average. The "12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development" shortly introduced pointed out that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, profound changes continue to take place in the current state of the world, and the international economic and political situation is more severe and complex, while at the same time, The development of energy in China presents new stage characteristics. Our country is faced with the historical opportunity from a big energy country to a powerful energy country, as well as a lot of challenges and problems. The plan also sets out the goals for energy development in 2015: the total energy consumption and energy efficiency will be controlled at 6.15 trillion kilowatt-hours and 4 billion tons of standard coal. Energy efficiency control standard oil consumption of refining and processing decreased to 63 kg / ton, comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and resources increased to 38 and standard coal consumption of thermal power supply decreased to 323 g / kWh. Improving energy efficiency is the inevitable requirement of a country's sustained economic development, protection of ecological environment and improvement of a country's comprehensive national strength. Therefore, this paper discusses the impact of technological progress on energy efficiency based on the above practical needs. However, the econometric models used in the previous analysis either use cross-sectional data of variables to analyze the static impact of technological advances between regions on energy efficiency, or use time series data of variables. To analyze the impact of technological progress on energy efficiency over time, even though the cross-section of variables and time series data are used to analyze the impact of technological progress on energy efficiency. However, they all ignore the fact that energy efficiency has spatial effect, that is, energy efficiency has spatial dependence and spatial difference. In fact, the impact of technological advances on energy efficiency is coupled on both spatial and temporal scales, and the use of cross-section or time series data alone may not accurately analyse the impact of technological advances on energy efficiency. It is more difficult to deeply and deeply study the evolution mechanism and dynamic development process of the influence of technological progress on energy efficiency. Therefore, the spatial effect of energy efficiency should be considered when discussing the influence of technological progress on energy efficiency in China. In this paper, the panel data of 30 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in mainland China are used to test the spatial autocorrelation of energy efficiency. The empirical results show that there is significant spatial dependence and spatial difference in energy efficiency in China. China's energy efficiency has a spatial effect. Then using the fixed-effect spatial panel model to explore the impact of technological progress on energy efficiency, empirical analysis shows that regional research and experimental development investment, human capital, Patent licensing has a positive effect on improving regional energy efficiency in China, but foreign direct investment does not play a role in improving energy efficiency in China. The regional characteristics of regional distribution of energy efficiency in China are stronger than the temporal or periodic characteristics of energy efficiency. The main factor affecting the spatial distribution pattern of energy efficiency in China is the regional difference of energy efficiency among provinces, cities and autonomous regions. Finally, according to the conclusion of the empirical model, we should increase the investment of science and technology, give full play to the spatial spillover effect of energy efficiency, and make the regional energy efficiency of our country tend to be consistent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F124.3;F206

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