【摘要】：由于銀行業(yè)在中國整個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)體系當(dāng)中具有的重要地位；基于最近三十年以來,我國銀行業(yè)體系的歷史沿革；更是因為最近時期關(guān)于壟斷行業(yè)效率、中小企業(yè)貸款難、利率自由化和直接融資市場深化改革等問題的備受關(guān)注,本文將焦點放在我國地區(qū)銀行業(yè)發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)系上。考察銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀不能只是停留在其相關(guān)的會計或經(jīng)營指標(biāo)上,而應(yīng)該從更宏觀的角度來考量。我們在關(guān)注中國銀行業(yè)的改革與發(fā)展歷程時,會禁不住思考：我國銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展對于我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展到底是產(chǎn)生了怎樣的效應(yīng)?銀行業(yè)自身的哪一些特征可以顯著的影響經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展?對于處于不同經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的地區(qū)而言,這樣的影響是否有差別?怎樣才能讓銀行業(yè)更好的服務(wù)于整個的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)?本研究試圖為以上的問題尋找合理的解答。本文在梳理相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,具體地分析了我國銀行業(yè)的真實發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài),之后運(yùn)用面板數(shù)據(jù)模型進(jìn)行實證研究,在研究結(jié)論的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行規(guī)范性研究。 本文一共分為六個部分,第一部分簡單的介紹了本研究的背景,梳理了我國銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展過程,并具體的分析了我國目前的金融結(jié)構(gòu)與銀行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)�；谥袊嗣胥y行和中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會以及《中華人民共和國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理法》的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),本部分將文章所研究的“銀行業(yè)”的具體范圍做了明確的劃分：銀行業(yè)包括政策性銀行及國家開發(fā)銀行、大型商業(yè)銀行、股份制商業(yè)銀行、城市商業(yè)銀行、城市信用社、農(nóng)村合作金融機(jī)構(gòu)、郵政儲蓄銀行、外資銀行等。這是一個較廣義的“銀行業(yè)”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在說明研究目的與研究方向的前提下,第一部分還清晰地介紹了文章的行文框架、介紹了文章的相關(guān)理論與研究方法。 文章的第二部分是介紹了相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)綜述。由于銀行業(yè)部門是金融部門的最重要組成部分之一,甚至在較長的一段歷史時期中,銀行業(yè)一直是金融部門的主體。因而研究銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)系,首先要參照的就是金融發(fā)展的相關(guān)研究成果。目前存在的研究成果中,許多學(xué)者都有嘗試構(gòu)造金融發(fā)展指數(shù)來反映金融發(fā)展水平,這些指數(shù)體系一般都是先建立一個理論的框架與邏輯,劃分幾個大的模塊然后再在每個模塊中尋找可量化的細(xì)分指標(biāo),然后綜合。本文羅列且比較了其中較有代表性的幾個體系。之后文章開始探討金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)系。對于金融發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的研究,是隨著西方銀行業(yè)的出現(xiàn)與逐步發(fā)展而開始興起的,本文將這些研究成果分為三個時期：前期研究、逐漸成熟期和進(jìn)一步拓展。由于國內(nèi)相關(guān)研究的獨特價值和極強(qiáng)的運(yùn)用性,本文將這些研究單獨放在一個模塊做介紹。關(guān)于銀行業(yè)發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展關(guān)系的研究可以說是屬于金融發(fā)展理論的一個分支,由于銀行業(yè)是金融部門的重要組成部分,理論上,銀行業(yè)發(fā)展理論也包括在傳統(tǒng)的金融發(fā)展理論當(dāng)中。但是,由于銀行業(yè)在金融體系中的特點與特殊地位,專門針對銀行業(yè)發(fā)展的研究也屢有出現(xiàn),這些研究對本文后續(xù)分析有重要作用,所以本文做了詳細(xì)介紹。 文章的第三部分是嘗試在分析銀行業(yè)的主要活動、分析其功能的基礎(chǔ)上分析銀行業(yè)對經(jīng)濟(jì)體系產(chǎn)生作用的機(jī)理。銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的主要功能包括：資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化、形成規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)和降低風(fēng)險。理論上銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)對整個經(jīng)濟(jì)體的作用應(yīng)該包括直接和間接兩個方面。首先,作為經(jīng)濟(jì)體的重要組成部分,當(dāng)銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的產(chǎn)值增加時就會直接的使經(jīng)濟(jì)總量達(dá)到增長的效果。其次,由于銀行業(yè)的功能,銀行業(yè)對儲蓄積累、資金分配、交易方便性和風(fēng)險管理等方面的影響也會間接地影響經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的速度。要做到促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,前提是銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)都能夠有效的運(yùn)行,是一種理想的狀態(tài),中國目前的現(xiàn)實狀態(tài)是否達(dá)到這樣的情況仍需考察。 第四部分重點研究我國銀行業(yè)目前的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)和特點,為了做更細(xì)致的研究,文章也具體地探討了我國銀行業(yè)發(fā)展的主要階段�，F(xiàn)狀分析部分運(yùn)用的是近年中國人民銀行和中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會發(fā)布的我國銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)營數(shù)據(jù),具體地分析了我國銀行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)、運(yùn)營規(guī)模、穩(wěn)定性和盈利性等。 文章的第五部分結(jié)合我國地方銀行業(yè)發(fā)展的具體情況,運(yùn)用了面板數(shù)據(jù),在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了銀行業(yè)規(guī)模指標(biāo)、結(jié)構(gòu)指標(biāo)及控制變量與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長指標(biāo)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。最后的結(jié)果為不變截距固定效應(yīng)模型,模型擬合效果優(yōu)良。最后的結(jié)論與大部分的同類研究相似,即目前我國銀行業(yè)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,銀行業(yè)集中度增加也會抑制經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長。文章最后部分在基于前面分析的基礎(chǔ)上,試圖對目前我國銀行業(yè)的狀況做出評述并相對應(yīng)的提出了意見與建議。
[Abstract]:As the banking industry plays an important role in China's national economic system, based on the historical evolution of the banking system in the last 30 years, and because of the recent concerns about the efficiency of monopoly industries, the difficulty of loans for small and medium-sized enterprises, the liberalization of interest rates and the deepening reform of the direct financing market, this paper will The focus is on the relationship between the development of China's regional banking industry and economic growth. The current situation of banking development should be considered from a more macroscopic point of view rather than just its relevant accounting or operating indicators. What effect does the banking industry have on China's economic development? Which characteristics of the banking industry itself can significantly affect the economic development? Is there any difference in the impact for regions at different levels of economic development? How can the banking industry better serve the national economy as a whole? This study attempts to This paper analyzes the real development of China's banking industry on the basis of combing relevant theories, and then uses panel data model to conduct empirical research and normative research on the basis of research conclusions.
This paper is divided into six parts. The first part briefly introduces the background of this study, combs the development process of China's banking industry, and specifically analyzes the current financial structure and banking structure of China. This part makes a clear division of the specific scope of the banking industry: the banking industry includes policy banks and State Development banks, large commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks, urban commercial banks, urban credit cooperatives, rural cooperative financial institutions, postal savings banks, foreign banks, etc. A broader "banking" standard. On the premise of explaining the purpose and direction of the study, the first part also clearly introduces the framework of the article, introduces the relevant theory and research methods.
The second part of the article introduces the relevant literature review. As the banking sector is one of the most important parts of the financial sector, and even in a long historical period, the banking sector has been the main body of the financial sector. Among the existing research results, many scholars have attempted to construct financial development index to reflect the level of financial development. These index systems generally establish a theoretical framework and logic, divide into several large modules and then find quantifiable sub-indicators in each module, and then synthesize. After that, the paper begins to discuss the relationship between financial development and economic growth. The research on financial development and economic growth began to rise with the emergence and gradual development of the western banking industry. Because of the unique value and strong applicability of domestic related research, this paper introduces these studies in a single module. The research on the relationship between banking development and economic development can be said to belong to a branch of financial development theory, because banking is an important part of the financial sector, in theory. The theory of banking development is also included in the traditional theory of financial development. However, due to the characteristics and special status of banking in the financial system, research on banking development has also appeared frequently. These studies have an important role in the follow-up analysis of this paper, so this paper makes a detailed introduction.
The third part of the article tries to analyze the main activities of the banking industry and the mechanism of the banking industry's impact on the economic system on the basis of its functions. First of all, as an important part of the economy, when the output value of the banking institutions increases, the total economic growth will be achieved directly. Secondly, because of the banking function, the banking industry on savings accumulation, capital distribution, transaction convenience and risk management and other aspects of the impact of indirect impact on the economy. The speed of growth. To promote economic growth, the premise is that the banking sector can operate effectively, is an ideal state, China's current reality is still to be investigated.
The fourth part focuses on the current development status and characteristics of China's banking industry, in order to do more detailed research, the article also specifically discusses the main stages of China's banking industry development. The structure, operation scale, stability and profitability of China's banking institutions are analyzed concretely.
In the fifth part of this paper, we use panel data to analyze the development of local banking industry in China. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we establish the mathematical model of scale index, structure index, control variable and economic growth index of banking industry. The conclusion is similar to most similar studies, that is, the expansion of banking scale is not conducive to economic growth, and the increase of banking concentration will also inhibit economic growth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.1;F832.3;F224

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