環(huán)境約束下跨國效率和生產(chǎn)率分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-30 06:32
【摘要】：在政治全球化與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化日益深化的當(dāng)今世界，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長成為各個國家之間綜合國力競爭力的重要突破點(diǎn)。作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的一個重要引擎，生產(chǎn)率增長使得整個世界的生活水平在二十世紀(jì)有了迅速的提高。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長伴隨的資源快速消耗導(dǎo)致污染物排放的增加，因此環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間的關(guān)系得到廣泛關(guān)注。通過效率和全要素生產(chǎn)率的國際研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國與別國之間的差距，具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義。 本文測度51個國家1970-2008年的效率，運(yùn)用MML生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)測度環(huán)境全要素生產(chǎn)率增長及其成分，解決了多組群、多前沿問題，同時考慮“壞”產(chǎn)出的存在。主要結(jié)論有：技術(shù)差距比率方面：高收入國家的技術(shù)差距比率最高，低收入國家的下降幅度更大。效率方面：中高收入國家的平均技術(shù)效率最高，其次是高收入國家，低收入國家，中低收入國家的平均效率值最低。從時間趨勢來看，低收入國家與中高收入國家呈上升態(tài)勢，并且兩者之間的差距有縮小的趨勢。從全要素生產(chǎn)率增長情況來看，各組群國家的全要素生產(chǎn)率呈增長趨勢，高收入國家的全要素生產(chǎn)率高于其他組群國家，其他三組國家出現(xiàn)收斂的趨勢。從全要素生產(chǎn)率的分解方面來看，技術(shù)效率變化方面，除了高收入國家在考察期內(nèi)的技術(shù)效率值是降低的，其它三個類別國家都是上升的；技術(shù)變化方面，中高收入國家的技術(shù)值呈上升趨勢，而中低收入國家呈下降趨勢，另外兩個組群國家沒有明顯的增減趨勢；在純技術(shù)追趕方面，中高收入國家和低收入國家的值在考察期間都是小于1的，而高收入國家和中低收入國家普遍大于1。潛在技術(shù)相對變動中，中高收入國家和中低收入國家都有增長的趨勢，低收入國家卻呈下降趨勢。影響全要素生產(chǎn)率因素的分析：結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，人均GDP與生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)具有U型的關(guān)系，工業(yè)增加值份額與生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)具有U型的關(guān)系。滯后一期的技術(shù)無效率和資本勞動比的對數(shù)與生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)都是負(fù)相關(guān)，開放度和人均能源使用量與生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)都是正相關(guān)的，，而FDI占比與生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In the world where political globalization and economic globalization are deepening day by day, economic growth has become an important breakthrough point for the competitiveness of comprehensive national strength among various countries. As an important engine of economic growth, productivity growth has led to a rapid improvement in living standards throughout the world in the twentieth century. The relationship between environment and economic growth is widely concerned because the rapid consumption of resources accompanying economic growth leads to an increase in pollutant emissions. Through the international research on efficiency and total factor productivity, it is found that the gap between China and other countries has certain practical significance. This paper measures the efficiency of 51 countries from 1970-2008, uses MML productivity index to measure the growth of environmental total factor productivity and its components, solves the problem of multi-group and multi-frontier, and considers the existence of "bad" output. The main conclusions are as follows: the ratio of technology gap is the highest in the high-income countries, and the decline is even greater in the low-income countries. Efficiency: the average technical efficiency of middle and high income countries is the highest, followed by high income countries, low income countries and low and middle income countries. From the point of view of the time trend, the low-income countries and the middle-and-high-income countries are on the rise, and the gap between the two countries has a trend of narrowing. From the point of view of the total factor productivity growth, the total factor productivity of each group of countries shows an increasing trend, the total factor productivity of the high-income countries is higher than that of the other group countries, and the other three groups of countries have the trend of convergence. In terms of the decomposition of total factor productivity, in terms of technological efficiency changes, except for the fact that the technological efficiency of high-income countries has decreased during the period under review, all the other three categories of countries have risen; in terms of technological change, The technical value of the middle and high income countries showed an upward trend, while the low and middle income countries showed a downward trend, while the other two groups of countries had no obvious trend of increase or decrease; in terms of pure technology catch-up, The values of both high and middle income countries and low income countries were less than 1, while those of high and low income countries were generally greater than 1. In the relative change of potential technology, both middle and high income countries and middle and low income countries have an increasing trend, while low income countries have a downward trend. Analysis of factors affecting total factor productivity: the results show that per capita GDP and productivity index have a U-type relationship, industrial value added share and productivity index have U-type relationship. The logarithm of technological inefficiency and capital / labor ratio in the lagged period is negatively correlated with productivity index, openness and per capita energy use are both positively correlated with productivity index, while the ratio of FDI is negatively correlated with productivity index.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F113;F205
本文編號：2154121
[Abstract]:In the world where political globalization and economic globalization are deepening day by day, economic growth has become an important breakthrough point for the competitiveness of comprehensive national strength among various countries. As an important engine of economic growth, productivity growth has led to a rapid improvement in living standards throughout the world in the twentieth century. The relationship between environment and economic growth is widely concerned because the rapid consumption of resources accompanying economic growth leads to an increase in pollutant emissions. Through the international research on efficiency and total factor productivity, it is found that the gap between China and other countries has certain practical significance. This paper measures the efficiency of 51 countries from 1970-2008, uses MML productivity index to measure the growth of environmental total factor productivity and its components, solves the problem of multi-group and multi-frontier, and considers the existence of "bad" output. The main conclusions are as follows: the ratio of technology gap is the highest in the high-income countries, and the decline is even greater in the low-income countries. Efficiency: the average technical efficiency of middle and high income countries is the highest, followed by high income countries, low income countries and low and middle income countries. From the point of view of the time trend, the low-income countries and the middle-and-high-income countries are on the rise, and the gap between the two countries has a trend of narrowing. From the point of view of the total factor productivity growth, the total factor productivity of each group of countries shows an increasing trend, the total factor productivity of the high-income countries is higher than that of the other group countries, and the other three groups of countries have the trend of convergence. In terms of the decomposition of total factor productivity, in terms of technological efficiency changes, except for the fact that the technological efficiency of high-income countries has decreased during the period under review, all the other three categories of countries have risen; in terms of technological change, The technical value of the middle and high income countries showed an upward trend, while the low and middle income countries showed a downward trend, while the other two groups of countries had no obvious trend of increase or decrease; in terms of pure technology catch-up, The values of both high and middle income countries and low income countries were less than 1, while those of high and low income countries were generally greater than 1. In the relative change of potential technology, both middle and high income countries and middle and low income countries have an increasing trend, while low income countries have a downward trend. Analysis of factors affecting total factor productivity: the results show that per capita GDP and productivity index have a U-type relationship, industrial value added share and productivity index have U-type relationship. The logarithm of technological inefficiency and capital / labor ratio in the lagged period is negatively correlated with productivity index, openness and per capita energy use are both positively correlated with productivity index, while the ratio of FDI is negatively correlated with productivity index.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F113;F205
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本文編號：2154121
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