本文選題：山西省 + 城鄉(xiāng)收入差距��； 參考：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在改革開放三十多年以來，我國(guó)取得了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就，但同時(shí)，伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，收入差距也在不斷擴(kuò)大，逐漸成為社會(huì)各界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)類各專業(yè)領(lǐng)域研究的熱門問題，各領(lǐng)域的專家學(xué)者，特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的專家和學(xué)者從自己的角度對(duì)我國(guó)收入差距的成因、特征、未來趨勢(shì)等基本問題進(jìn)行了全面而深刻的研究。按照收入差距的分類，城鄉(xiāng)、行業(yè)、部門等，導(dǎo)致收入差距的原因也是多種多樣的，本文選取了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距，從農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的角度，嘗試闡述山西省城鄉(xiāng)收入差距產(chǎn)生的原因，同時(shí)對(duì)其未來的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)做出預(yù)測(cè)，最后，從促進(jìn)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的角度，提出了關(guān)于促進(jìn)山西省農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)進(jìn)而縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的對(duì)策。 本文主要分為三個(gè)部分：第一部分，對(duì)關(guān)于農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距關(guān)系的相關(guān)理論研究進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的整理，對(duì)其中的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了說明，同時(shí)對(duì)理論的意義進(jìn)行了一定的分析。這其中的基礎(chǔ)理論“劉—拉—費(fèi)理論”也是本文研究時(shí)所依據(jù)的基本理論，因?yàn)榘凑丈轿魇‖F(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況來看，與該理論所描述的情況基本接近，因此將“劉—拉—費(fèi)理論”作為本文分析所依據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分，共分為四個(gè)小部分：首先，對(duì)山西省城鄉(xiāng)收入及差距的實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行了分析，在收入方面分別分析了城鎮(zhèn)居民可支配收入和農(nóng)民人均純收入的增長(zhǎng)幅度和增長(zhǎng)速度。在所研究的年份中（2000年-2011年）山西城鎮(zhèn)居民可支配收入無論在總增長(zhǎng)幅度還是在年均增長(zhǎng)速度方面都快于全國(guó)平均水平；但是農(nóng)民純收入的增長(zhǎng)情況卻不樂觀，無論在總增長(zhǎng)幅度還是再年均增長(zhǎng)速度方面都慢于全國(guó)平均水品，并且進(jìn)一步分析了產(chǎn)生這種收入變化狀況的原因。因而，山西省城鄉(xiāng)居民的收入差距是在不斷擴(kuò)大的。其次，對(duì)山西省農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力的存量情況進(jìn)行了估計(jì)。利用了農(nóng)村現(xiàn)有耕種面積和相關(guān)的勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等數(shù)據(jù)，核算出需要投入的勞動(dòng)量，再找出農(nóng)村總的勞動(dòng)力所能提供的勞動(dòng)量的總量，二者的差值就成為了剩余勞動(dòng)量，在通過勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行換算，就能夠得出農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力的數(shù)量，這個(gè)數(shù)量是后面分析山西省農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移規(guī)模的重要基礎(chǔ)，后面的數(shù)據(jù)與它對(duì)比就可以推斷出山西農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的規(guī)模是否足夠，從而判定山西省是處于理論上的“第一階段”還是“第二階段”，階段的判別是提出相關(guān)政策建議的基礎(chǔ)。再次，研究山西省農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的流動(dòng)的數(shù)量。在這部分中，分別從戶籍變化和職業(yè)變化兩個(gè)角度來分析得出了兩組數(shù)據(jù)，這兩組數(shù)據(jù)都能在一定程度上反應(yīng)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的情況。最后，對(duì)山西省城鄉(xiāng)收入差距和勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析。根據(jù)相關(guān)理論，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的第一階段，會(huì)出現(xiàn)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的流動(dòng)規(guī)模與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距兩者同時(shí)增大的現(xiàn)象；在農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的第二階段，這時(shí)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的規(guī)模繼續(xù)增加，但由于受到勞動(dòng)力存量以及農(nóng)業(yè)部門生產(chǎn)的限制，增長(zhǎng)速度放緩，同時(shí)，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距開始逐漸減小，直至消失。根據(jù)山西省現(xiàn)有的情況來看，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距變大無疑是確定的趨勢(shì)，但是關(guān)于農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的規(guī)模是怎樣的呢？這就需要對(duì)上面得出的兩組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，分辨出究竟哪組數(shù)據(jù)更能說明情況。戶籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于職業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)，這兩組數(shù)據(jù)都與估計(jì)的山西省農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力數(shù)據(jù)相比較，戶籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)遠(yuǎn)小于農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力數(shù)據(jù)，而職業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)卻大于剩余規(guī)模。接下來，本文從定性分析和定量分析兩個(gè)角度明確了，戶籍?dāng)?shù)據(jù)更能反映真實(shí)情況，說明山西省現(xiàn)在處于理論中的第一階段，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)的規(guī)模還是不夠大，，收入差距還會(huì)繼續(xù)變大。 第三部分，從促進(jìn)山西省農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流動(dòng)從而縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的方面提出了一些對(duì)策，例如：戶籍改革、農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力技能培訓(xùn)、建立城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)、完善社會(huì)保障制度等方面，加速山西省農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的流動(dòng)，從而使理論中的“第二階段”快速到來，能減少山西省城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening to the outside world for more than thirty years, China has made great economic achievements, but at the same time, with the economic growth, the income gap is also expanding, gradually becoming a hot spot of attention from all walks of life, the hot issues in various fields of economic research, experts in various fields, especially experts and scholars in the field of economics, from their own The causes, characteristics and future trends of the income gap in China are thoroughly and deeply studied. According to the classification of the income gap, the urban and rural areas, the industry and the departments, the reasons of the income gap are also varied. This paper selects the income gap between urban and rural areas, and tries to elaborate the Shanxi province from the perspective of rural labor flow. The reasons for the income gap in rural areas are caused, and the future development trend is predicted. Finally, from the perspective of promoting rural labor force, the countermeasures are put forward to promote the flow of rural labor force in Shanxi province and then reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas.
This article is divided into three parts: the first part, the relevant theoretical research on the relationship between rural labor flow and the urban-rural income gap is systematically organized, the main points of which are explained, and the significance of the theory is analyzed. The basic theory, "Liu Lau Fei theory", is also the same. The basic theory of the study is based on the present situation in Shanxi province and is basically close to the situation described in this theory. Therefore, the theory of "Liu La Fei" is used as the basis for this analysis.
The second part is divided into four small parts: first, the actual situation of urban and rural income and gap in Shanxi province is analyzed. In terms of income, the increase and growth rate of urban residents' disposable income and the per capita net income of farmers are analyzed respectively. In the year of study (2000 -2011), the disposable income of urban residents in Shanxi Both the total growth rate and the annual average growth rate are faster than the national average; however, the growth of the net income of farmers is not optimistic. It is slower than the national average in both the total growth rate and the average annual growth rate, and further analyses the causes of the income change. Thus, Shanxi The income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding. Secondly, the stock of rural surplus labor in Shanxi province is estimated. The amount of labor needed to be invested is calculated by using the existing farming area and related labor standards in rural areas, and then the total amount of labor provided by the rural total labor force can be found, and the two are the total amount of labor that the rural total labor force can provide. The difference becomes the amount of surplus labor. The amount of surplus labor in rural areas can be obtained by conversion through labor standards. This amount is an important basis for the analysis of the scale of the transfer of rural labor in Shanxi province. Judging Shanxi province is the "first stage" or "second stage" in theory, the discrimination of the stage is the basis of putting forward relevant policy proposals. Again, the number of rural labor flow in Shanxi province is studied. In this part, two sets of data are obtained from the two corners of household registration and career change, and the two sets of data are obtained. To a certain extent, it can reflect the flow of rural labor to a certain extent. Finally, the relationship between the urban and rural income gap and the labor flow in Shanxi province is analyzed. According to the relevant theory, the first stage of rural labor flow will increase the flow of rural labor and the gap between urban and rural labor, and in rural labor. In the second stage of the dynamic flow, the scale of rural labor flow continues to increase, but the growth rate slows down due to the labor stock and the agricultural sector production. At the same time, the income gap between urban and rural areas begins to decrease gradually and to disappear. According to the current situation in Shanxi, the income gap between urban and rural areas is undoubtedly a definite trend. But what is the size of the rural labor flow? It needs to analyze the two sets of data obtained above to tell which data is better than the occupational data. The two sets of data are far less than the estimated data of the rural surplus labor in Shanxi province. The rural surplus labor data, and the occupation data is larger than the remaining scale. Next, this paper is clear from two angles of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The household registration data can reflect the real situation more. It shows that Shanxi is now in the first stage of theory, the scale of rural labor flow is still not big enough, and the income gap will continue to become larger.
The third part, from the promotion of rural labor flow in Shanxi province to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, and put forward some countermeasures, such as the household registration reform, rural labor skill training, the establishment of a unified labor market in urban and rural, the improvement of the social security system and so on, to accelerate the flow of rural labor in Shanxi Province, so that the theory of "second" The rapid arrival of the stage can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas in Shanxi province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6;F124.7;F224

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