本文選題：地區(qū)差距 + 影響因素��； 參考：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)的區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,經(jīng)過(guò)了均衡發(fā)展和非均衡發(fā)展兩個(gè)階段。在改革開放前,區(qū)域發(fā)展政策以及區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)布局主要從地區(qū)間的均衡發(fā)展以及國(guó)家安全角度考慮,區(qū)域發(fā)展政策主要向落后地區(qū)傾斜,由于各種原因,導(dǎo)致效益比較低下；改革開放以后,為了加速國(guó)家整體的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度,優(yōu)先向東部沿海等區(qū)域條件較好的地區(qū)傾斜,這使我國(guó)的地區(qū)差距不斷擴(kuò)大。 本文利用各種統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),首先實(shí)證分析了我國(guó)按傳統(tǒng)劃分的東中西部之間在經(jīng)濟(jì)總量、人均GDP和社會(huì)發(fā)展水平等方面的巨大差距,在此基礎(chǔ)上重點(diǎn)分析了影響地區(qū)差距的三大類因素,即要素投入因素,政策和制度因素,經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)因素。在要素投入方面,中西部地區(qū)與東部地區(qū)相比,在物質(zhì)資本和人力資本投入與積累方面均嚴(yán)重不足,從而導(dǎo)致了本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的緩慢和優(yōu)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)要素的外流,它反過(guò)來(lái)進(jìn)一步加劇了中西部地區(qū)對(duì)生產(chǎn)要素的吸引力和要素投入的不足狀況。在政策和制度因素方面,中央政府在改革開放以前主要考慮到國(guó)防和生產(chǎn)力均衡布局的需要,發(fā)展政策向中西部地區(qū)傾斜,使得地區(qū)差距有所減��；改革開放以后,中央政府主要基于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的質(zhì)量和效率考慮,實(shí)行了向東部地區(qū)傾斜政策,使得自然條件及經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)本來(lái)均具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的東部地區(qū)發(fā)展速度顯著高于中西部地區(qū)。就制度創(chuàng)新而言,東部地區(qū)在從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌的過(guò)程中,改革開放走在了中西部地區(qū)的前面,制度效率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于中西部地區(qū),導(dǎo)致地區(qū)差距的擴(kuò)大。從經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)因素看,改革開放前國(guó)家對(duì)落后的中西部地區(qū)的較大投資所形成的一大批國(guó)有企業(yè),由于缺乏活力反而成了經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革過(guò)程中的體制包袱；東部地區(qū)由于國(guó)家投資少,在改革進(jìn)程中遇到的所有制結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)和利益分配關(guān)系調(diào)整的阻力較小,民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展一馬當(dāng)先,充滿生機(jī)活力。 在分析影響地區(qū)發(fā)展的主要因素及區(qū)域差距的基礎(chǔ)上,本文利用泰爾指數(shù)對(duì)地區(qū)差距進(jìn)行了分解,測(cè)度了區(qū)域內(nèi)差距及區(qū)域間差距對(duì)我國(guó)東中西部三大地區(qū)差距產(chǎn)生的貢獻(xiàn)程度。實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、人均固定資產(chǎn)投資、對(duì)外貿(mào)易以及人力資源狀況對(duì)我國(guó)不同地區(qū)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平及其差距影響最大。最后,本文就如何縮小地區(qū)差距提出了相關(guān)政策建議,主要包括完善制度環(huán)境,建立統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng)；繼續(xù)實(shí)施對(duì)中西部地區(qū)的政策傾斜,引導(dǎo)各方加大對(duì)中西部地區(qū)的投資；培育中西部地區(qū)的增長(zhǎng)極,以增長(zhǎng)極帶動(dòng)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展；加快交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),降低流通成本；加大人力引進(jìn)力度,增加教育投入。
[Abstract]:The regional development strategy of our country has gone through two stages: balanced development and non-balanced development. Before the reform and opening up, the regional development policy and the regional industrial layout are mainly considered from the angle of balanced development between regions and national security. The regional development policy mainly inclines to the backward areas, which results in low efficiency due to various reasons. After the reform and opening up to the outside world, in order to speed up the overall economic growth of the country, priority is given to areas with better conditions such as the eastern coastal areas, which makes the regional gap in our country continue to widen. Using various statistical data, this paper first empirically analyzes the huge gap between China's traditional eastern, western and eastern regions in terms of total economic volume, per capita GDP and social development level. On the basis of this, three kinds of factors affecting regional disparity are analyzed, which are factor input factor, policy and system factor, economic structure factor. In terms of factor input, the central and western regions, compared with the eastern region, are seriously inadequate in terms of material capital and human capital investment and accumulation, resulting in the slow economic development of the region and the outflow of high-quality factors of production. It, in turn, further intensifies the attraction of factors of production and the insufficiency of factor input in the central and western regions. In terms of policy and institutional factors, before the reform and opening up, the central government mainly considered the need for a balanced distribution of national defense and productive forces, and the development policy tilted towards the central and western regions, thus reducing the regional gap; after the reform and opening up, On the basis of the quality and efficiency of economic development, the central government has adopted the policy of tilting to the east, which makes the development speed of the eastern region, where the natural conditions and economic base have the comparative advantage, significantly higher than that of the central and western regions. As far as institutional innovation is concerned, in the process of transition from planned economy to market economy, the reform and opening up in the eastern region is ahead of the central and western regions, and the institutional efficiency is far higher than that in the central and western regions, which leads to the widening of the regional gap. From the point of view of economic structure, a large number of state-owned enterprises formed by the large investment of the state in the backward central and western regions before the reform and opening up have become the system burden in the process of the economic system reform because of the lack of vitality. Due to the lack of state investment in the eastern region, the ownership structure, property right structure and interest distribution relation adjustment in the course of reform are relatively small, and the private economy is leading the way and full of vitality. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the regional development and the regional disparity, this paper decomposes the regional disparity by using the Thiel index. The paper measures the contribution of intraregional and inter-regional disparities to the three major regional disparities in the east, west and west of China. The empirical study shows that the industrial structure, per capita fixed asset investment, foreign trade and human resource situation have the greatest influence on the level of economic development and the gap between different regions in China. Finally, this paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on how to narrow the regional gap, mainly including perfecting the institutional environment, establishing a unified market, continuing to implement the policy preference to the central and western regions, guiding all parties to increase investment in the central and western regions; To cultivate the growth poles in the central and western regions, to promote the regional economic development with the growth poles, to speed up the construction of transportation infrastructure, to reduce the circulation costs, to increase the intensity of manpower introduction and to increase the investment in education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F127;F224

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