本文選題：資源詛咒 + 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：自然資源本是“神賜天糧”，是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。然而自1993年英國學(xué)者Auty提出“資源詛咒”假說以來，國內(nèi)外學(xué)者大量理論與實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：自然資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間呈現(xiàn)出負(fù)相關(guān)的關(guān)系，即自然資源豐裕阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。不僅如此，資源豐裕地區(qū)還存在著收入不平等、尋租腐敗、生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞等問題。當(dāng)然也有學(xué)者對“資源詛咒”命題提出質(zhì)疑。 效率與公平是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的兩大價值目標(biāo)，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的速度和收入分配也是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界研究的熱點。我國中西部地區(qū)資源較為富足，而在較長時期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度明顯慢于資源貧瘠的東部地區(qū)，說明狹義“資源詛咒”假說可能在我國省際層面成立。我國資源富足地區(qū)收入差距也較大，表明豐裕的自然資源可能有惡化收入分配的效應(yīng)。收入不平等也被認(rèn)為是“資源詛咒”傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制中重要的一環(huán)。為了研究我國省際層面資源稟賦對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中效率與公平的影響，本文首先著眼于自然資源富足與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)系，分析了資源豐裕對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的促進(jìn)作用，然后立足中國實際，，借鑒國外研究經(jīng)驗，探討自然資源對制造業(yè)投入水平、人力資本投資、制度環(huán)境這些積極因素的負(fù)面作用。正是通過這些間接的負(fù)面作用，資源豐裕對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)的效應(yīng)。 與此同時，本文基于廣義“資源詛咒”視角，從理論上分析了自然資源的收入分配效應(yīng)，認(rèn)為因為資源開發(fā)收益分配不公、人力資本價值被壓抑、資源豐裕地區(qū)勞動力在與資本方議價時處于弱勢地位，自然資源豐裕導(dǎo)致收入不平等。 實證研究通過建立中介效應(yīng)模型，區(qū)分自然資源豐裕度對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的直接效應(yīng)和間接效應(yīng)。利用31個�。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)、直轄市）1998~2010年的面板數(shù)據(jù)，建立適合數(shù)據(jù)特征的模型形式，進(jìn)行計量分析。回歸結(jié)果顯示：自然資源對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長具有直接的正效應(yīng)，然而資源通過“荷蘭病”效應(yīng)，擠出人力資本投入，弱化制度質(zhì)量而對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的間接效應(yīng)，而且其絕對值大于直接效應(yīng)，所以資源對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的總效應(yīng)在當(dāng)前表現(xiàn)為負(fù)。其中“荷蘭病”效應(yīng)和人力資本投資是作用最強(qiáng)的傳導(dǎo)途徑。實證分析也證實：自然資源豐裕確實加劇了收入不平等，所以資源富足地區(qū)出現(xiàn)效率與公平同時缺失的現(xiàn)象。本文提出了兩個判斷“資源詛咒”現(xiàn)象是否存在的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：自然資源對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的總效應(yīng)為負(fù)或者自然資源阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的公平增長。據(jù)此，研究認(rèn)為“資源詛咒”現(xiàn)象在中國省際層面是存在的。資源高價時代，資源富裕地區(qū)在短期內(nèi)通過要素收入，可以實現(xiàn)較快的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，然而應(yīng)該警惕這是以犧牲其他積極因素為代價的。 本文提出自然資源富足并不必然導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長緩慢和收入差距擴(kuò)大，“資源詛咒”是個體理性與集體理性相背離的表現(xiàn)，詛咒效應(yīng)之所以產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)實根源是政府對資源及資源財富的管理不善，通過政府政策的合理引導(dǎo)，資源富裕地區(qū)可以規(guī)避資源的詛咒效應(yīng)。最后本文為資源富足地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供了有益的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Natural resources are the "God given grain", which is the material basis for economic growth. However, since the British scholar Auty proposed the "resource curse" hypothesis in 1993, a large number of scholars both at home and abroad have found that there is a negative correlation between natural resources and economic growth, that is, the abundance of natural resources hinders economic growth. In this way, there are still problems such as income inequality, rent-seeking corruption, and ecological environment destruction, and some scholars have questioned the "resource curse" proposition.
Efficiency and fairness are the two values of economic development. The speed of economic growth and the distribution of income are also the hot spots in the economic circle. China's central and western regions are rich in resources, while the economic growth rate in the long period is slower than the poor resources in the eastern region. The narrow sense "resource curse" hypothesis may be in the interprovincial level of our country The income gap of abundant natural resources may have the effect of worsening income distribution. Income inequality is also considered to be an important part of the transmission mechanism of "resource curse". In order to study the effect of resource endowment on efficiency and fairness in the process of economic development, this article is the first one. First, we focus on the relationship between abundant natural resources and economic growth, and analyze the promoting effect of abundant resources on economic growth. Then, based on Chinese reality and drawing on foreign research experience, the negative effects of natural resources on the investment level of manufacturing industry, human capital investment and institutional environment are discussed, which are through these indirect negative effects. Role and abundant resources may have negative effects on economic growth.
At the same time, based on the broad sense of "resource curse", this paper theoretically analyzes the income distribution effect of natural resources. It is considered that the income distribution of resources is unfair, the value of human capital is suppressed, the labor force in the abundant resources is in a weak position with the bargaining of the capital, and the abundant natural resources lead to the inequality of income.
Through the establishment of intermediary effect model, the empirical study distinguishes the direct and indirect effects of natural resource abundance to economic growth. Using the panel data of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) for 1998~2010 years, a model form suitable for data characteristics is established to carry out quantitative analysis. The return results show that natural resources have direct effect on economic growth. The positive effect, however, the resource through the "Dutch disease" effect, squeezing out human capital input, weakening the quality of the system and producing negative indirect effects on economic growth, and its absolute value is greater than the direct effect, so the total effect of resources on economic growth is negative at present. The empirical analysis also confirms that the abundance of natural resources has indeed aggravated income inequality, so there is a lack of efficiency and equity in rich resources. This paper puts forward two criteria for evaluating the existence of the "resource curse" phenomenon: the total effect of natural resources on economic growth is negative or self effective. However, resources impede the fair growth of the economy. Accordingly, the study believes that the phenomenon of "resource curse" exists at the inter provincial level of China. In the era of high price, the rich regions can achieve faster economic growth through factor income in the short term. However, it should be on the alert that this is at the expense of other positive factors.
This paper suggests that abundant natural resources do not necessarily lead to slow economic growth and the expansion of income gap. "Resource curse" is a manifestation of the deviation between individual rationality and collective reason. The real root of the curse effect is the poor management of the resources and resources of the government, the rational guidance of the government policy and the rich areas of resources. It can avoid the curse effect of resources. Finally, this paper provides useful policy recommendations for the economic development of resource rich areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F127;F205

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本文編號：1995147