本文選題：進(jìn)口 + 二次創(chuàng)新��； 參考：《上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),我國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的政策重點(diǎn)致力于出口的發(fā)展及其對(duì)增長(zhǎng)的作用,不僅在理論上忽略了如何發(fā)揮進(jìn)口的作用以促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),而且在政策實(shí)踐上也不注重對(duì)進(jìn)口的引導(dǎo)。不可否認(rèn),出口的迅猛發(fā)展確實(shí)為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速增長(zhǎng)作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),然而出口導(dǎo)向的外貿(mào)政策導(dǎo)致了進(jìn)出口總量的失衡。“高出低進(jìn)”成為我國(guó)外貿(mào)運(yùn)行的主要特征,持續(xù)累積的巨額順差造成貿(mào)易摩擦不斷加劇,人民幣面臨升值壓力,以廉價(jià)勞動(dòng)力成本、透支資源環(huán)境為條件的粗獷式發(fā)展的出口加工貿(mào)易也不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展與產(chǎn)業(yè)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)。 金融危機(jī)以后,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的階段,在創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的升級(jí)是這一新階段上的一大主題。前30年貿(mào)易發(fā)展、出口能力的提升以及由此積累的外匯資源為新階段上的發(fā)展提供了特殊有利條件。雖然根據(jù)跨國(guó)公司直接投資理論國(guó)際投資可以使東道國(guó)發(fā)展起新興產(chǎn)業(yè),引進(jìn)外資是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的路徑之一。但是,在產(chǎn)業(yè)國(guó)際轉(zhuǎn)移與跨國(guó)公司國(guó)際價(jià)值鏈分工下本國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展與本國(guó)投資和創(chuàng)新下的發(fā)展是兩種不同意義上的發(fā)展�，F(xiàn)階段如何提高進(jìn)口在我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)中的作用,實(shí)現(xiàn)二次創(chuàng)新,如何為戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供必要的裝備,是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的一個(gè)重大課題。 本文研究進(jìn)口在產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)中的作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)引進(jìn)后“二次創(chuàng)新”的重要性,認(rèn)為進(jìn)口之所以能夠?qū)Ξa(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)產(chǎn)生重要的影響,關(guān)鍵在于其可以帶來(lái)國(guó)外先進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品與技術(shù),通過(guò)吸收再創(chuàng)新,實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。同時(shí),結(jié)合我國(guó)實(shí)際情況,文中分別從商品進(jìn)口與技術(shù)進(jìn)口的角度,重點(diǎn)探討了當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下我國(guó)進(jìn)口在對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)作用過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題與不足,也分析了實(shí)踐中引進(jìn)吸收再創(chuàng)新的成功案例。本文通過(guò)研究指出,目前我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易政策作適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整與轉(zhuǎn)型,推動(dòng)進(jìn)出口平衡發(fā)展,適度擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口規(guī)模,做強(qiáng)一般貿(mào)易,優(yōu)化進(jìn)口結(jié)構(gòu),鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新,促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步與產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。 本文共分為七大章節(jié),第一章為引言,首先介紹本文的研究背景、意義、方法及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)等。第二章對(duì)相關(guān)理論及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)行了回顧與梳理,考察了進(jìn)口與技術(shù)進(jìn)步、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系。第三章從理論的角度分析了進(jìn)口在產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)中的作用機(jī)制,即技術(shù)進(jìn)步效應(yīng),并將技術(shù)進(jìn)步效應(yīng)分為直接與間接兩種進(jìn)行研究,并且探討了其中的影響因素。第四章研究了我國(guó)的進(jìn)口商品貿(mào)易,以實(shí)證的方法檢驗(yàn)了不同貿(mào)易方式下的進(jìn)口對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的差異性影響,并以高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口為例深入分析了其中的原因。第五章研究了我國(guó)技術(shù)進(jìn)口的情況,用定量分析的方法測(cè)算了我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易技術(shù)依存度及有效對(duì)外貿(mào)易技術(shù)依存度,整體上考察了我國(guó)技術(shù)引進(jìn)的狀況與對(duì)國(guó)外技術(shù)的吸收創(chuàng)新能力；同時(shí),以高鐵的成功案例論證了技術(shù)引進(jìn)、吸收、再創(chuàng)新的重要性。第六章分別對(duì)進(jìn)口在產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)中作用的影響因素結(jié)合我國(guó)的實(shí)際逐一進(jìn)行分析,探討其中的問(wèn)題與不足。第七章為結(jié)論與政策建議。
[Abstract]:For a long time, China's policy of opening to the outside world focuses on the development of export and its effect on growth. It is not only neglecting how to play the role of import in order to promote the upgrading of domestic industry in theory, but also not to guide the import in policy practice. It is undeniable that the rapid development of export is indeed a high speed increase for our economy. The export oriented foreign trade policy has led to the imbalance of the total import and export. "High output" has become the main feature of China's foreign trade operation. The continuous accumulation of huge surplus causes the trade friction to increase, the RMB is facing the pressure of appreciation, the low price labor cost and the overdraft of the resources and environment are the rough conditions. Rough export processing trade is also not conducive to the sustained development of the economy and the optimization and upgrading of the industry.
After the financial crisis, China's economic development has entered a new stage. Upgrading the industrial structure on the basis of innovation is a major theme in this new stage. The first 30 years of trade development, the promotion of export capacity and the accumulated foreign exchange resources provide special favorable conditions for the development of the new stage. The international investment in the direct investment of the company can make the host country develop new industries, and the introduction of foreign capital is one of the paths for the development of new industries. However, the development of domestic industry and the development of domestic investment and innovation under the division of international value chain of the industry are two different meanings. The role of high import in China's industrial upgrading, the realization of the two innovation, how to provide the necessary equipment for the development of strategic emerging industries, is a major issue in the economic development of our country.
This paper studies the role of import in industrial upgrading, emphasizes the importance of "two innovations" after introducing the import, and thinks that import can have an important impact on industrial upgrading. The key is that it can bring advanced foreign products and technology, through absorption and innovation, to realize the progress of technology. At the same time, in combination with the actual situation of China, the article is divided into two parts. From the point of view of commodity import and technology import, this paper focuses on the problems and shortcomings of China's import in the process of upgrading the industry under the current situation, and also analyzes the successful cases of introducing and absorbing re innovation in practice. Through the study, this paper points out that our country should adjust and transform the trade policy appropriately and promote import and export at present. We should balance development, expand import scale moderately, strengthen general trade, optimize import structure, encourage innovation, and promote domestic technological progress and industrial upgrading.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is introduction, first of all, it introduces the research background, significance, method and innovation point of this paper. The second chapter reviews and combs the related theories and domestic and foreign research, and examines the relationship between import and technological progress and economic growth. The third chapter analyses the import in industrial upgrading from the theoretical point of view. The mechanism of action, that is, the effect of technological progress, and the effect of technological progress is divided into two kinds of direct and indirect studies, and the influence factors are discussed. The fourth chapter studies the import commodity trade of our country, and empirically tests the difference effect of the import on the industrial structure upgrading under different trade modes and the high technology production. The fifth chapter studied the reasons for the import of the products. The paper studied the situation of China's technology import, calculated the dependence degree of China's foreign trade technology and the degree of effective foreign trade technology dependence by quantitative analysis, and investigated the status of China's technology introduction and the ability to absorb and innovate the foreign technology. The success cases demonstrate the importance of technology introduction, absorption and innovation. The sixth chapter analyzes the influence factors of import in industrial upgrading, and analyzes the problems and shortcomings in China, and the seventh chapter is the conclusion and policy recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F752.61;F124

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