本文選題：收入差距軌跡 + 拐點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)　； 參考：《南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文對(duì)備受關(guān)注的中國(guó)居民收入差距演變趨勢(shì)做了實(shí)證研究，指出近年來(lái)中國(guó)居民收入差距軌跡已呈現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)，并對(duì)出現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)的原因做了理論分析。 第一章主要對(duì)以往研究成果進(jìn)行綜述。 第二章詳細(xì)闡述了庫(kù)茲涅茨“倒U假說(shuō)”、劉易斯拐點(diǎn)和鄧小平“先富共富”等有關(guān)收入差距演變軌跡的經(jīng)典理論。 第三章證明了我國(guó)居民收入差距軌跡已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)。本章利用基尼系數(shù)、收入比值和圖表分析等多種方法，多層次多角度的對(duì)地區(qū)間、城鄉(xiāng)間和城鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村居民內(nèi)部的收入差距做了分析，確定我國(guó)居民收入差距軌跡已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)而從收入來(lái)源角度分析城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村居民的收入差距變化原因，發(fā)現(xiàn)工資性收入是主導(dǎo)收入差距變化軌跡的重要因素。 第四章解釋了我國(guó)居民收入差距軌跡呈現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)的原因，認(rèn)為，我國(guó)居民收入差距演變軌跡符合庫(kù)茲涅茨、劉易斯的描述和鄧小平的預(yù)期，或者也可以說(shuō)，庫(kù)茲涅茨“倒U假說(shuō)”、劉易斯的二元經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和鄧小平的“先富共富”理論揭示了我國(guó)作為發(fā)展中國(guó)家收入分配演變的一般規(guī)律。庫(kù)茲涅茨“倒U假說(shuō)”描述了勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移導(dǎo)致人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變遷，進(jìn)而引起收入差距的縮小，同時(shí)，社會(huì)保障可以改善福利水平，科技進(jìn)步有利于提升就業(yè)層次；劉易斯拐點(diǎn)主要描述通過(guò)勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移在長(zhǎng)期可以縮小整體和城鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)部的收入差距，同時(shí)對(duì)我國(guó)勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬占比呈現(xiàn)先縮小后擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)也有很好的解釋力；鄧小平“先富共富”理論則是從非均衡發(fā)展的角度闡述在我國(guó)制度和政策引導(dǎo)下必然實(shí)現(xiàn)收入差距先擴(kuò)大后縮小的趨勢(shì)。但是，上述三個(gè)經(jīng)典理論與我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況也有不符合之處，庫(kù)茲涅茨“倒U假說(shuō)”沒(méi)有涉及更微觀的如地區(qū)間、城鄉(xiāng)間收入差距的狀況，劉易斯拐點(diǎn)默認(rèn)了市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)大足以吸納我國(guó)龐大的剩余勞動(dòng)力以及忽視了社會(huì)保障等政策的重要作用，鄧小平“先富共富”理論中描述的公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)占主體還有待進(jìn)一步落實(shí)。 第五章提出了進(jìn)一步縮小收入差距的對(duì)策，包括：（1）高度重視社會(huì)保障的收入分配調(diào)節(jié)功能，，加快建立完善惠及全民的社會(huì)保障體系；（2）創(chuàng)新城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展模式，以“三化”協(xié)調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展和縮小收入分配差距；（3）進(jìn)一步鞏固區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展成果，逐步縮小地區(qū)間收入差距；（4）創(chuàng)新國(guó)有企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式，提高公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響力和控制力，規(guī)范國(guó)有企業(yè)的收入分配等。
[Abstract]:This paper makes an empirical study on the evolution trend of income gap of Chinese residents, and points out that the trajectory of income gap of Chinese residents has shown a trend of inflection point in recent years, and makes a theoretical analysis on the reason of the trend of inflection point. The first chapter summarizes the previous research results. The second chapter elaborates the classical theories about the evolution of income gap, such as Kuznets' inverted U hypothesis, Lewis inflection point and Deng Xiaoping. The third chapter proves that the trajectory of income gap in China has shown a trend of inflection point. This chapter uses Gini coefficient, income ratio and chart analysis to analyze the income gap between regions, between urban and rural areas and among urban and rural residents. Determine the trajectory of income gap in China has shown a trend of inflection point. From the perspective of income sources, this paper analyzes the reasons for the change of income gap between urban and rural residents, and finds that wage income is an important factor leading to the change of income gap. The fourth chapter explains the reason why the trajectory of the income gap of our country presents the inflection point trend, and thinks that the evolution track of the income gap of our country is in line with Kuznets, Lewis' description and Deng Xiaoping's expectation, or it can be said, Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis", Lewis' dual economic theory and Deng Xiaoping's "rich first and rich" theory reveal the general law of income distribution evolution in China as a developing country. Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis" describes that the shift of labor force leads to the change of population structure, which leads to the narrowing of income gap. At the same time, social security can improve the level of welfare, and the progress of science and technology will help to raise the level of employment. Lewis inflection point mainly describes that the labor transfer in the long run can narrow the income gap between the whole and the urban and rural areas, and at the same time, it also has a good explanation for the trend that the proportion of labor remuneration in our country first shrinks and then expands. The theory of "rich first and rich together" in Deng Xiaoping explains the trend of income gap enlarging first and then narrowing under the guidance of system and policy in China from the angle of unbalanced development. However, the above three classical theories are also inconsistent with the reality of our country. Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis" does not deal with more microscopic situations such as the income gap between regions and between urban and rural areas. Lewis' inflection point acquiesced that the expansion of the market was sufficient to absorb China's huge surplus labor force and neglected the important role of social security policies. The public ownership economy, described in the theory of "rich first and rich together" in Deng Xiaoping, has yet to be further implemented. The fifth chapter puts forward the countermeasures of further narrowing the income gap, including: 1) paying great attention to the function of income distribution regulation of social security, speeding up the establishment and perfection of social security system for the benefit of the whole people and innovating the urban development model. To further consolidate the achievements of regional coordinated development and gradually narrow the income gap among regions with the coordination of "three modernizations" to realize scientific development and narrow the income distribution gap between regions. (4) to innovate the business model of state-owned enterprises and to improve the influence and control power of the public ownership economy. Standardize the income distribution of state-owned enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F124.7

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