本文選題：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 + 政府主導(dǎo)��； 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：政府與市場關(guān)系是長期以來的世界性話題,隨著時代發(fā)展,理論界眾說紛紜,派系層出。環(huán)視當(dāng)代中國,自1978年十一屆三中全會以來,三十多年中國經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革,依靠政府強(qiáng)制之手與逐步發(fā)揮市場調(diào)節(jié)作用,取得了舉世矚目的偉大成就。但隨著改革進(jìn)入深水區(qū),政府與市場的關(guān)系問題日益發(fā)展成為當(dāng)代中國經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的焦點(diǎn)問題。如何實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)勢政府向服務(wù)型政府之轉(zhuǎn)變,是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)改革之重任,任重而道遠(yuǎn)。本文在已有研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,借助政府與市場關(guān)系理論,以1927-1937年民國建設(shè)為例,闡述民國十年黃金期發(fā)展中的政府主導(dǎo)與市場互動關(guān)系,提出本文的主要研究結(jié)論:政府適時的正確主導(dǎo)是民國十年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。通過對民國十年政府與市場關(guān)系的分析與總結(jié),為當(dāng)代中國處理政府與市場關(guān)系提供一定借鑒與參考價值。圍繞核心觀點(diǎn),本文分為六章。第一章為導(dǎo)論,主要說明選題價值、文獻(xiàn)回顧、研究思路、方法、創(chuàng)新與不足等。文獻(xiàn)綜述部分,通過對民國十年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與發(fā)展原因相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)梳理,指出已有研究對1927-1937年民國政府主導(dǎo)下的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展認(rèn)識不足,未能準(zhǔn)確解讀這一時期政府與市場雙向互動推動歷史發(fā)展的事實(shí),亦未能準(zhǔn)確解讀好政府與國家資本、民營經(jīng)濟(jì)等之間的雙向互動關(guān)系;已有研究或僅肯定市場作用,無視政府當(dāng)年以強(qiáng)制性制度供給在誘致性市場創(chuàng)新中無可替代的重要作用,在土地改革中回避租佃制度優(yōu)化實(shí)為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的較優(yōu)選擇,故本文從政府的強(qiáng)制性制度供給與誘致性市場創(chuàng)新相結(jié)合的視角,全面闡述與評價南京國民政府在戰(zhàn)亂年代推動的農(nóng)村改革。研究思路與研究方法部分,概述政府與市場關(guān)系理論的起源與發(fā)展史,并指出任何理論都不是萬能的,其張力的施展必須基于不同國家的不同國情與歷史傳統(tǒng);基于政府與市場理論之研究視角,歸納本文核心觀點(diǎn),同時明確主要研究內(nèi)容與研究框架,最后提出創(chuàng)新與不足之處。第二章中國現(xiàn)代化的內(nèi)外危機(jī)及其發(fā)展模式轉(zhuǎn)型。國內(nèi)危機(jī)方面,體現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)新舊軍閥分裂混戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致的政治動蕩,20世紀(jì)30年代市場危機(jī)的出現(xiàn)與自然災(zāi)害頻繁打擊;國外方面,體現(xiàn)為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展危機(jī),第一次世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)迅速波及全世界,世界法西斯主義與日本軍國主義形成,大規(guī)模世界性戰(zhàn)爭在所難免,而自鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后,西方國家對中國侵略的長期存在,都加速了中國國家主權(quán)的不完整性;理論挑戰(zhàn)方面,為擺脫世界性經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),美國凱恩斯主義形成與成功實(shí)踐,美國與西方多數(shù)國家走出危機(jī),并走上國家資本主義道路,世界資本主義理論與實(shí)踐亦趨向日益成熟,對古老而落后的中國而言,是危機(jī)亦是挑戰(zhàn);發(fā)展模式新選擇與威權(quán)政府建立方面,闡述中國現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展道路開始邁向發(fā)展國家資本主義導(dǎo)向的轉(zhuǎn)型,南京國民政府威權(quán)統(tǒng)治逐步確立,并創(chuàng)建具有現(xiàn)代性的政治制度。第三章為政府主導(dǎo)下的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策環(huán)境創(chuàng)新,主要論述南京國民政府供給的各項(xiàng)制度改新。土地私有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的法律確認(rèn),主要資源及礦產(chǎn)所有權(quán)的明晰,財(cái)產(chǎn)登記的法律保障制度完善,都推動現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的確立;關(guān)稅制度的革新促進(jìn)關(guān)稅自主權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn),鹽稅制度市場化改革,廢除厘金制度,促使現(xiàn)代稅收制度的確立;廢棄銀兩制度改用銀元制度,法幣政策確立現(xiàn)代幣制,四行二局的國有銀行制度之形成,推動南京國民政府邁向金融國家資本道路;南京國民政府頒布各項(xiàng)法律措施,鼓勵工業(yè)科技發(fā)明創(chuàng)新,支持農(nóng)業(yè)科技與技術(shù)改良,完善人才引進(jìn)與培養(yǎng)制度,普及義務(wù)教育,發(fā)展職業(yè)教育與高等教育,廣泛引進(jìn)留學(xué)歸國人才參與國家建設(shè);南京國民政府出臺系列政策,發(fā)展重工業(yè)、軍事工業(yè)等,扶持民營經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,發(fā)展對外貿(mào)易,以協(xié)調(diào)工商業(yè)發(fā)展;南京國民政府引導(dǎo)各類民間組織發(fā)展,支持商會與同業(yè)公會組織制度改組,創(chuàng)建農(nóng)會制度,支持民間建設(shè)力量進(jìn)行鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)活動,推動民間組織服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展功能之發(fā)揮;南京國民政府發(fā)起農(nóng)業(yè)復(fù)興運(yùn)動,租佃制度優(yōu)化改新,農(nóng)業(yè)合作社制度創(chuàng)新,資源保護(hù)與農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)制度的改進(jìn),促進(jìn)農(nóng)村秩序的恢復(fù)與城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。南京國民政府主導(dǎo)的全方位制度創(chuàng)新,雖然存在某些不足或制度的有效性有限,但總體上適應(yīng)了時代需要,為經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。第四章為政府主導(dǎo)下市場的互動與多元創(chuàng)新。土地與主要資源的確權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化配置,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素多元流動,主要資源國有化經(jīng)營,企業(yè)資本集中化加速;稅制金融制度創(chuàng)新提高了資源配置效率,稅制現(xiàn)代化改善了市場交易環(huán)境,現(xiàn)代貨幣促進(jìn)了市場流通,金融國家資本市場化運(yùn)作;人才引進(jìn)與科技創(chuàng)新提升市場競爭力,工業(yè)科技改新推動了生產(chǎn)進(jìn)步,農(nóng)事技術(shù)的市場運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)與推廣促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,專家與專業(yè)人才投身工農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè);工商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,國家資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)在主要工業(yè)領(lǐng)域全面確立,壯大南京國民政府經(jīng)濟(jì)力量,提高工業(yè)化水平;民營經(jīng)濟(jì)朝資本集中化方向發(fā)展,民營經(jīng)濟(jì)多元化發(fā)展活躍市場空間,并帶動工業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步與管理創(chuàng)新,對外貿(mào)易拓深國內(nèi)外市場;民間組織發(fā)揮聯(lián)接政府與市場的中介作用,商會維護(hù)商人利益,同業(yè)公會維持市場秩序,民間鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)力量投入農(nóng)業(yè)教育與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)推動了農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)與發(fā)展,開啟對中國"三農(nóng)"問題的探索;農(nóng)村改革中的誘致性市場創(chuàng)新,現(xiàn)代銀行支持農(nóng)村金融體系的形成,農(nóng)業(yè)合作社聯(lián)接城市金融救濟(jì)農(nóng)村,緩解農(nóng)業(yè)資金短缺,推動農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)改良與進(jìn)步,對城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到聯(lián)動效應(yīng);小農(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營的發(fā)展,推動了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。上述政府主導(dǎo)下的市場互動與創(chuàng)新,體現(xiàn)了 1927-1937年政府與市場關(guān)系的良性互動與動態(tài)發(fā)展,雖然存在某些不足或發(fā)展的有限性,但總體上推動了近代中國第二次經(jīng)濟(jì)黃金期的出現(xiàn)。第五章為民國十年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的歷史評價與現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示。本文指出對于經(jīng)濟(jì)落后大國而言,中央政府統(tǒng)治權(quán)威的保持與政治穩(wěn)定非常重要;南京國民政府大量采用留學(xué)歸國專家與精英治國,專家精英在制度設(shè)計(jì)與決策實(shí)施方面,結(jié)合中國國情廣泛吸收西方國家先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),有利于減少制度試錯成本;制度變遷中的政府與市場關(guān)系是動態(tài)與發(fā)展的,而不是一成不變的,但政府與市場保持一定距離是必須的,處理政府與市場關(guān)系問題,應(yīng)依據(jù)本國國情與歷史傳統(tǒng);農(nóng)村改革方面,保障農(nóng)民土地財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利是核心問題,發(fā)展農(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟(jì)與家庭農(nóng)場是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),同時注重傳統(tǒng)文化建設(shè)。當(dāng)然,民國十年經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中存在的不足之處,亦值得后世加以總結(jié)與借鑒。第六章是研究結(jié)論與展望。通過對民國十年建設(shè)中,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的政府主導(dǎo)與市場互動關(guān)系分析,得出本文主要研究結(jié)論:正確而適時的政府調(diào)控主導(dǎo)是民國十年經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the government and the market has been a worldwide topic for a long time. With the development of the times, the theoretical circles have different opinions and factions. Look around the contemporary China, since the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee 1978, the economic system reform of China has achieved great achievements in the economic system reform for more than thirty years, relying on the government's compulsory hand and gradually playing the role of market regulation. However, as the reform enters the deep water area, the relationship between the government and the market has become the focus of the economic reform in contemporary China. How to transform the strong government into a service-oriented government is the important task of the reform of China's economy. On the basis of the existing research results, this paper is based on the theory of government and market relations, 1927 The construction of the Republic of China in -1937, for example, expounds the interaction relationship between government leading and market in the golden period of the Republic of China in ten years, and puts forward the main conclusions of this article: the correct leading of the government is the key factor of the economic development of the Republic of China in the ten years of the Republic of China. Through the analysis and summary of the relationship between the government and the market in the ten years of the Republic of China, the government and the city are handled for the contemporary China. The field relationship provides a certain reference and reference value. Around the core point of view, this article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, which mainly explains the value of the topic, literature review, research ideas, methods, innovation and deficiency, etc. part of the literature review, through the literature review of the related research on the economic development and development of the Republic of China in the ten years, points out that the existing research is 192 In the past 7-1937 years, the economic development under the leadership of the Republic of China was insufficient to understand the fact that the two-way interaction between the government and the market promoted the historical development in this period, and failed to accurately interpret the two-way interaction between the government and the state capital and the private economy. The system supply has an irreplaceable and important role in the induced market innovation. In the land reform, avoiding the rent system optimization is a better choice for the agricultural development. Therefore, this article from the government's mandatory system supply and the induced market innovation in the combination of the perspective of the comprehensive exposition and evaluation of the Nanjing national government in the war era driven rural areas. Reform. Research ideas and research methods part, overview the origin and development history of the theory of government and market relations, and point out that any theory is not omnipotent. Its tension must be based on different national conditions and historical traditions; based on the perspective of government and market theory, the core views of this article are summed up and the main research is made. The second chapter is the internal and external crisis of China's modernization and the transformation of its development model. The domestic crisis is reflected in the political turbulence caused by the new and old warlords in China, the emergence of the market crisis in 1930s and the frequent strike of natural disasters, and the world classics in foreign countries. In the crisis of social development, the first world economic crisis has rapidly spread throughout the world, the world fascism and Japanese militarism are formed, and the large-scale world war is unavoidable. After the Opium War, the long existence of western countries' aggression to China has accelerated the incompleteness of Chinese sovereignty; the theoretical challenge is to get rid of the world. The boundary economic crisis, the formation and successful practice of American Keynes doctrine, the United States and most western countries go out of the crisis and go to the road of state capitalism, and the theory and practice of world capitalism are becoming increasingly mature. As for the old and backward China, the crisis is also a challenge; the new choice of the model of development and the establishment of the authoritarian government. The road of the development of China's modernization is beginning to move towards the transition of national capitalist orientation. The authoritarian rule of the national government of Nanjing is gradually established and the political system of modernity is created. The third chapter is the innovation of the economic policy environment under the leadership of the government. It mainly discusses the reform of the system of the civil administration in Nanjing. The legal confirmation of the system, the clarity of the main resources and the ownership of mineral resources, and the perfection of the legal guarantee system for the registration of property all promote the establishment of the modern property rights system; the reform of the tariff system promotes the realization of the tariff autonomy, the market-oriented reform of the salt tax system, the abolition of the Lijin system, the establishment of the modern tax system, the conversion of the abandoned silver and the silver system into silver The yuan system, the law currency policy established the modern currency system, the formation of the state bank system of the four lines and two bureaus, promoted the Nanjing national government to move towards the financial state capital road; the Nanjing national government promulgated various legal measures, encouraged the innovation of Industrial Science and technology, supported agricultural science and technology and technology improvement, perfected the system of talent introduction and cultivation, and popularized compulsory education. In the development of vocational education and higher education, the foreign returned talents are widely introduced to participate in the national construction; the Nanjing national government has introduced a series of policies to develop heavy industry, military industry, support the development of private economy, develop foreign trade and coordinate the development of industry and commerce; the Civil Affairs government of Nanjing guides the development of various kinds of civil organizations and supports the chamber of Commerce and the trade association. Restructuring the organization system, establishing the peasant association system, supporting the civil construction forces to carry out rural construction activities and promoting the function of the economic development of the civil organizations; the Nanjing national government initiated the agricultural revival movement, the optimization and reform of the tenancy system, the innovation of the agricultural cooperative system, the improvement of the resources protection and the farmland water conservancy construction system, and the promotion of the rural rank. The restoration of order and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. The all-round Institutional Innovation led by the national government of Nanjing, although there are some deficiencies or limited effectiveness of the system, is generally adapted to the needs of the times and lays the foundation for the recovery and development of the economy. The fourth chapter is the interaction and multiple innovation of the market under the leadership of the government. The realization of the true rights of land and the main resources The optimal allocation, the multiple flow of agricultural production elements, the state-owned management of the main resources, the acceleration of the centralization of enterprise capital, the innovation of the system of tax system, the efficiency of the allocation of resources, the improvement of the market environment, the promotion of the circulation of the market, the market operation of the financial countries, the promotion of the market for the introduction of talents and the promotion of scientific and technological innovation in the market. In the field of competitive power, industrial science and technology reform has promoted production progress, the market operation and promotion of agricultural technology promote the development of agricultural economy, experts and professionals devote themselves to the construction of industry and agriculture, the coordinated development of industrial and commercial economy, the comprehensive establishment of the national capitalist economy in the major industrial fields, strengthening the economic power of the national government of Nanjing and raising the industrial water. The private economy is developing in the direction of capital centralization, the diversification of the private economy develops the market space, and promotes the industrial technology progress and management innovation, and the foreign trade expands the domestic and foreign markets; the civil organizations play the intermediary role of the government and the market, the chamber of Commerce maintains the merchant's interests, the Trade Association maintains the market order and the folk countryside construction. Power input into agricultural education and economic construction has promoted the recovery and development of agricultural economy, opened up the exploration of the "three rural" problems in China, the induced market innovation in the rural reform, the formation of the modern bank supporting the rural financial system, the agricultural cooperatives linking the urban financial relief to the rural areas, alleviating the shortage of agricultural funds and promoting the agricultural technology improvement. And progress has a linkage effect on the economic development of urban and rural areas; the economic development of small farmers and the development of a moderate scale of agricultural operation have promoted the development of the rural economy. The market interaction and innovation under the guidance of the above-mentioned government embodies the benign interaction and dynamic development of the relationship between the government and the market for 1927-1937 years, although there are some shortcomings or development. Limited, but generally promoted the emergence of the second economic golden period of modern China. The fifth chapter is the historical evaluation and practical enlightenment of the economic development of the Republic of China in ten years. This article points out that the maintenance and political stability of the ruling authority of the central government is very important for the backward country of the economy. The Nanjing national government has adopted a large number of experts and essence of returning to the country. In the British governing country, the expert elite in the system design and decision implementation, combined with the national conditions of China to absorb the advanced experience of the western countries, is beneficial to reduce the system trial and error costs; the relationship between the government and the market in the institutional change is dynamic and development, not the same, but the government and the market must be kept at a certain distance and deal with the government and the government. The problem of market relations should be based on the national conditions and historical traditions of the country. In the aspect of rural reform, the protection of farmers' land and property rights is the core problem. The development of farmers' economy and family farms is the basis for the development of modern agriculture, while paying attention to the construction of traditional culture. Of course, the shortcomings of the economic construction in the ten years of the Republic of China are worth summing up by the later generations. And the sixth chapter is the conclusion and Prospect of the study. Through the analysis of the interaction relationship between the government leading and the market in the economic development in the ten years of the Republic of China, the main conclusion of this paper is that the correct and timely government regulation is the key factor of the economic development of the Republic of China in ten years.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D693;F129

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