本文選題：存量收入 + 基尼系數(shù)��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，對社會(huì)公平的關(guān)注程度逐漸上升，縮小收入差距的呼聲越來越高。在當(dāng)前的研究文獻(xiàn)中，測度收入差距主要根據(jù)居民的年收入，眾多研究成果表明中國的收入差距逐漸擴(kuò)大，基尼系數(shù)呈上升趨勢。在居民可以支配的收入中，年收入只是其中一部分，還包括在此之前留存的收入。因此在考察收入差距時(shí)，不僅要考察流量值的收入差距，還要考察存量值的收入差距，存量收入更能體現(xiàn)居民的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，存量收入差距是真正意義上的收入差距。在年收入積累成存量收入的過程中，需要扣除流量收入中的漏出，將居民的消費(fèi)從收入中扣除，由此需要研究消費(fèi)對收入差距的影響。 本文首先回顧了收入差距的測度指數(shù)和基尼系數(shù)的多種算法，在流量收入差距的基礎(chǔ)上，定義了存量收入差距，給出了存量收入的基尼系數(shù)算法，將存量收入差距變動(dòng)量分解為促進(jìn)效應(yīng)和稀釋效應(yīng)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，流量收入與存量收入的關(guān)系和收入來源與總收入的關(guān)系具有一致性，主要的差異在于集中指數(shù)和基尼系數(shù)在計(jì)算上的排序依據(jù)。為了解決這一問題，本文采取了利用分組數(shù)據(jù)的方式計(jì)算基尼系數(shù)，在分組依據(jù)上也有所創(chuàng)新，采用分位數(shù)的分組方法，這樣就可以有效解決集中指數(shù)和基尼系數(shù)的差異，使得各年的基尼系數(shù)可以相加，最終得到存量收入的基尼系數(shù)。研究表明，存量收入的基尼系數(shù)是各年基尼系數(shù)的加權(quán)值，權(quán)重為各年收入總和與當(dāng)前總收入的比值。在存量收入差距的影響因素分析中，首先研究了消費(fèi)（收入漏出）對流量收入差距和存量收入差距的影響，通過面板數(shù)據(jù)模型，研究表明消費(fèi)率與收入呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。在此基礎(chǔ)之上，分析表明這樣的消費(fèi)現(xiàn)象將擴(kuò)大收入差距，剩余收入的收入差距大于流量收入的收入差距。進(jìn)一步，本文分析了城市化率、城鄉(xiāng)收入份額和城鄉(xiāng)人均收入對存量收入的影響，研究了存量收入的發(fā)展趨勢，分析表明存量收入差距在發(fā)展趨勢上存在慣性，，在調(diào)整速度上存在滯后性。 在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)之上，本文對理論研究的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究，在實(shí)證研究的過程中采用插值計(jì)算的方法解決了收入分布函數(shù)選擇和估計(jì)上的問題，同時(shí)采用統(tǒng)計(jì)模擬的方法，克服了抽樣上的障礙。實(shí)證研究表明，在1995-2011年期間，消費(fèi)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了每年的城鎮(zhèn)收入差距，城鎮(zhèn)居民收入的基尼系數(shù)平均提高了52.85%，以2011年城鎮(zhèn)居民收入為例，扣除消費(fèi)之前的基尼系數(shù)為0.3310，扣除消費(fèi)后的基尼系數(shù)為0.4048。本文計(jì)算了1978-2011年的存量收入差距，2011年的存量收入的基尼系數(shù)為0.444，雖然從2009年以來，基尼系數(shù)有所下降，但存量收入的基尼系數(shù)并未下降，說明當(dāng)前的存量收入差距存在慣性和滯后性，同時(shí)分別量化了促進(jìn)效應(yīng)和稀釋效應(yīng)。最后，結(jié)合本文研究的成果，總結(jié)了本文的研究結(jié)論，給出了相應(yīng)的政策建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of society, the attention to social equity is rising gradually, and the voice of narrowing the income gap is becoming higher and higher. In the current research literature, the income gap is mainly measured according to the annual income of the residents. Many research results show that the income gap in China is gradually expanding, and the Gini coefficient is on the rise. Annual income is only part of the income at the disposal of residents, including income retained prior to that. Therefore, when investigating the income gap, we should not only examine the income gap of the flow value, but also the income gap of the stock value. The stock income can better reflect the economic strength of the residents, and the stock income gap is the real income gap. In the process of annual income accumulation into stock income, the leakage of flow income should be deducted, and the consumption of residents should be deducted from income. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of consumption on income gap. In this paper, we first review the measurement index of income gap and the Gini coefficient algorithm. On the basis of the flow income gap, we define the stock income gap, and give the Gini coefficient algorithm of stock income. The stock income gap is decomposed into promotion effect and dilution effect. It is found that the relationship between flow income and stock income and the relationship between revenue source and total income are consistent, and the main difference lies in the ranking basis of centralization index and Gini coefficient. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the method of grouping data to calculate the Gini coefficient, and innovates on the basis of grouping, and adopts the quantile grouping method, which can effectively solve the difference between the concentration index and the Gini coefficient. So that the Gini coefficient of each year can be added, and finally get the Gini coefficient of stock income. The research shows that the Gini coefficient of stock income is the weighted value of the Gini coefficient in each year, and the weight is the ratio of the sum of each annual income to the current gross income. In the analysis of the influencing factors of stock income gap, we first study the effect of consumption (income leakage) on the flow income gap and stock income gap. Through the panel data model, the research shows that the consumption rate has a negative correlation with income. On this basis, the analysis shows that such a phenomenon of consumption will expand the income gap, the income gap of surplus income is greater than the income gap of flow income. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the effects of urbanization rate, urban-rural income share and urban-rural income per capita on stock income, studies the development trend of stock income, and shows that there is inertia in the development trend of stock income gap. There is lag in adjusting speed. On the basis of theoretical research, this paper makes an empirical study on the results of theoretical research. In the process of empirical research, interpolation method is used to solve the problem of income distribution function selection and estimation. At the same time, the method of statistical simulation is used to overcome the obstacle of sampling. Empirical research shows that, in the period 1995-2011, consumption further widened the income gap between cities and towns, and the Gini coefficient of urban residents increased by 52.85 on average. Take the income of urban residents in 2011 as an example. The Gini coefficient before consumption is 0. 3310, and after consumption is 0. 4048. This paper calculates the stock income gap from 1978 to 2011. The Gini coefficient of stock income in 2011 is 0.444. Although the Gini coefficient has decreased since 2009, the Gini coefficient of stock income has not decreased. It shows that the current stock income gap has inertia and lag, and quantifies the promoting effect and dilution effect respectively. Finally, combined with the results of this study, this paper summarizes the conclusions of the study, and gives the corresponding policy recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.7;F224

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