本文選題：政府教育投資 + 區(qū)域居民收入差距�。� 參考：《財(cái)政部財(cái)政科學(xué)研究所》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了舉世矚目的成就,國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值年均增速高達(dá)9%,與此同時(shí),中國(guó)居民收入差距方面的矛盾日益突出。世界銀行的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,我國(guó)基尼系數(shù)已經(jīng)從1978年的0.3升至2005年的0.47,遠(yuǎn)超過了國(guó)際公認(rèn)的警戒線0.4。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心是鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng),必然將帶來收入差距的擴(kuò)大,然而收入差距的過度拉大,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)的發(fā)展會(huì)帶來諸多負(fù)面的影響。因此政府有必要對(duì)居民收入差距采取適當(dāng)手段調(diào)節(jié),其主要手段包括稅收制度、政府間轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度、社會(huì)保障制度、政府教育投資等,不同的手段將收到不同的效果。本文通過了對(duì)比分析、描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析與計(jì)量模型等分析方法,對(duì)政府教育投資與區(qū)域收入差距進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究,試圖明晰政府教育投資對(duì)區(qū)域收入差距的影響。 國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者目前已經(jīng)對(duì)政府教育投資理論與收入分配關(guān)系進(jìn)行了理論和實(shí)證研究,通過梳理相關(guān)理論中的分析得到了本文研究所需的輔助材料,同時(shí)在整理衡量區(qū)域收入差距的傳統(tǒng)指標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)上,引入泰爾指數(shù)的理論,從新的角度對(duì)區(qū)域差距進(jìn)行測(cè)度分析。 相對(duì)于基尼系數(shù)來說,泰爾指數(shù)可以分解為組內(nèi)以及組間差距,能夠在區(qū)域劃分的前提下衡量不同區(qū)域內(nèi)部以及區(qū)域之間的收入差距。因此本文運(yùn)用層次分析方法把我國(guó)劃分成幾個(gè)不同層次的區(qū)域。主要從總體規(guī)模、人均水平、發(fā)展速度以及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)4個(gè)方面因素考慮,分別選取GDP、人均GDP、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)所占比例4個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行量化,最后分成為四個(gè)區(qū)域,并以該層次劃分為基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算2000-2010年全國(guó)以及各區(qū)域政府教育投資和居民收入的泰爾指數(shù)。實(shí)證分析中,使用了VAR模型、格蘭杰因果檢驗(yàn)、脈沖響應(yīng)函數(shù)等實(shí)證分析中常用的研究方法對(duì)以上計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。通過實(shí)證分析得到了以下結(jié)論：整體上說政府教育投資對(duì)我國(guó)區(qū)域居民收入差距的縮小具有正向促進(jìn)作用。但是若將我國(guó)按經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平分解為四個(gè)區(qū)域,那么各區(qū)域政府教育投資對(duì)居民收入分配不平等的改善程度不盡相同。 在以上分析的基礎(chǔ)上提出了幾個(gè)針對(duì)性的建議：第一,增強(qiáng)政府教育投資資金管理水平；第二,完善轉(zhuǎn)移支付政策以縮小地區(qū)間政府教有投資差距；第三,優(yōu)化教育投資結(jié)構(gòu)且促進(jìn)教育均衡化發(fā)展；第四,多元調(diào)節(jié)工具的綜合使用。通過這一系列措施調(diào)控,可進(jìn)一步改善我國(guó)地區(qū)間居民收入差距。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China economy has made remarkable achievements, average annual GDP growth rate of up to 9%, at the same time, the income gap between residents Chinese contradictions have become increasingly prominent. The world bank data show that China's Gini coefficient has risen from 0.3 in 1978 to 0.47 in 2005, far more than the core of the internationally recognized warning line 0.4. market the economy is to encourage competition, will inevitably lead to the widening of the income gap, but the income gap between the excessive widening of the development of economy and society will bring many negative effects. So it is necessary for the government to take appropriate measures to regulate the income gap, the main methods include tax system, intergovernmental transfer payment system, social security system the government, education investment, different means will receive different results. Through comparative analysis, descriptive statistics analysis and econometric model. This paper makes an empirical study on the gap between government education investment and regional income, and tries to clarify the influence of government education investment on regional income gap.
The domestic and foreign scholars have been on the government theory of educational investment and income distribution and the relationship between the theoretical and empirical research, through the analysis of theory of the auxiliary materials needed in the research, at the same time in the traditional index based on the consolidation of regional income gap measure, introduced the Theil index theory to measure and analyze the regional disparity from a new point of view.
Compared with Gini coefficient, Theil index can be decomposed into a group and to measure the gap between groups, between different regions of internal and regional income disparity in the premise of regional division. So this paper uses AHP method to divide our country into several different levels of the region. Mainly from the overall scale, the per capita level, considering 4 the pace of development as well as industrial structure factors, we selected GDP, GDP per capita, economic growth rate and the proportion of the third industry to quantify 4 indexes, finally divided into four regions, and the hierarchy is calculated on the basis of 2000-2010 years of national education investment and the Theil index of the regional government and residents' income. The empirical analysis and using the VAR model, Grainger causality test, impulse response function analysis and other empirical research methods commonly used in the analysis of the above calculation. Through empirical analysis The following conclusions: on the whole of government investment in education to narrow the regional income gap of residents in our country has a positive role in promoting. But if our country according to the level of economic development is divided into four regions, then improve the degree of education investment in the regional government of inequality of income distribution is not the same.
On the basis of the above analysis put forward several suggestions: first, to enhance the level of government education investment fund management; second, improve the transfer payment policy to reduce the regional government education investment gap; third, optimize the structure of education investment and promote the development of balanced education; fourth, the integrated use of multiple tools. Through adjusting the regulation of a series of measures to further improve the resident income gap among regions in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：財(cái)政部財(cái)政科學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F812.45;F124.7

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本文編號(hào)：1768583