本文選題：達(dá)斡爾族　切入點：民族經(jīng)濟(jì)　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：達(dá)斡爾族是我國55個少數(shù)民族之一,總?cè)丝?3.24萬,主要分布在內(nèi)蒙古莫力達(dá)瓦達(dá)斡爾族自治旗、黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市梅里斯達(dá)斡爾族區(qū)和新疆塔城地區(qū)。達(dá)斡爾族擁有悠久的歷史和燦爛的文化,從北抗沙俄輾轉(zhuǎn)不屈,到南遷嫩江躬耕田園,到遠(yuǎn)赴西北戍邊衛(wèi)國,再到今天的民族和諧安居樂業(yè),千百年來達(dá)斡爾民族氣質(zhì)歷久彌新,已成為中華民族大家庭中一顆璀璨的明珠。 隨著改革開放的不斷深入,達(dá)斡爾族經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也迎來難得的歷史機遇,在內(nèi)蒙古、黑龍江、新疆分別取得了長足的發(fā)展。但是與全國多數(shù)少數(shù)民族相似,達(dá)斡爾族聚居區(qū)域有著內(nèi)陸、延邊、高原等特點,受環(huán)境和歷史因素影響,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平仍比較落后。盡管已融入改革開放的大潮,從單一的農(nóng)耕放牧走向了工業(yè)起步、商業(yè)繁榮的多產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之路,但產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)還待優(yōu)化,民族教育尚待提高,資源優(yōu)勢發(fā)揮未盡,生活水平相對較低,生態(tài)環(huán)境較為脆弱,經(jīng)濟(jì)增速仍顯緩慢。以上種種,亟待改革,亟待改善。 在以上背景之下,本文選取內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾市莫力達(dá)瓦達(dá)斡爾族自治旗、黑龍江省齊齊哈爾市梅里斯達(dá)斡爾族區(qū)和新疆塔城阿西爾達(dá)斡爾族民族鄉(xiāng)三個區(qū)域,通過近一年時間的調(diào)研走訪及收集相關(guān)的歷史文獻(xiàn)材料,從人口概況、生產(chǎn)方式、文化特點、生活水平、資源優(yōu)勢幾個方面進(jìn)行了分析,闡述了達(dá)斡爾民族經(jīng)濟(jì)的歷史和現(xiàn)狀。 在研究了大量的調(diào)研資料之后,本文依據(jù)民族經(jīng)濟(jì)理論,借鑒其他少數(shù)民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗,并將傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)牧生產(chǎn)以及現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行比較、歸納,指出了達(dá)斡爾族經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢的癥結(jié)所在并提出發(fā)展對策。本文集中以莫力達(dá)瓦達(dá)斡爾族自治旗產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)、民族文化教育振興、生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)四個方向提出了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的具體思路,以期為達(dá)斡爾族經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展做出點滴貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The Daur nationality is one of the 55 minority nationalities in our country, with a total population of 132400. It is mainly distributed in the autonomous flag of the Molidawa Daur nationality in Inner Mongolia. The Daur region of Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, and the Tacheng area of Xinjiang, have a long history and splendid culture, ranging from the north to the Tsarist Russia, to the south migration of the Nenjiang River and to the frontier defense to the northwest. To today's national harmony living and working in peace and contentment, the national temperament of Daur has been old and new for thousands of years, and has become a bright pearl in the family of the Chinese nation. With the deepening of reform and opening up, the economic development of the Daur nationality has also ushered in a rare historical opportunity. In Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, respectively, great progress has been made. But similar to the majority of ethnic minorities throughout the country, The Daur region has the characteristics of inland, Yanbian and highland, and its economic development level is still relatively backward due to the influence of environmental and historical factors. Although it has been integrated into the spring tide of reform and opening up, it has moved from a single farming and grazing to an industrial start. The commercial prosperity of the multi-industry economic development road, but the industrial structure is still to be optimized, the national education needs to be improved, the advantage of resources has not been brought into full play, the standard of living is relatively low, the ecological environment is relatively fragile, and the economic growth rate is still slow. There is an urgent need for reform and improvement. Under the above background, this paper selects the autonomous flag of Molidawa Daur nationality in Hulunbeir City, Heilongjiang Province, three regions, Meiris Daur nationality area of Qiqihar City and Asier Daur nationality Township of Xinjiang Tacheng. Through the investigation and visit for nearly a year and the collection of relevant historical documents, this paper analyzes the population situation, production mode, cultural characteristics, living standards and resource advantages, and expounds the history and present situation of the Daur nationality economy. After studying a large number of research materials, this paper, based on the theory of national economy, draws lessons from the economic development experience of other minority areas, and compares the traditional agricultural and animal husbandry production and modern production. The paper points out the crux of the slow economic development of the Daur nationality and puts forward the development countermeasures. This paper focuses on the development of the autonomous flag industry of the Mudawa Daur nationality, the construction of urban and rural areas, and the rejuvenation of national culture and education. Four directions of ecological environment protection are put forward in order to make some contributions to the economic and social development of the Daur nationality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F127.8

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