本文選題：智力外流　切入點：經(jīng)濟增長　出處：《山東理工大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：從1960年以來,全球移民人數(shù)從7400萬增至2億左右,而且移民越來越多地從發(fā)展中國家流向發(fā)達國家,與此同時,接受高等教育的移民比例也顯著提高。高水平人才從發(fā)展中國家向發(fā)達國家的加速遷移,使發(fā)展中國家的智力外流問題備受關(guān)注,其引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟、社會效應受到包括聯(lián)合國和世界銀行在內(nèi)的國際組織、政府和學者的高度重視。中國作為發(fā)展中大國,其智力外流的規(guī)模不容忽視。在加入WTO之后,國家間要素流動的便利性得到增強,其智力外流現(xiàn)象更加明顯。在此背景下,研究中國智力外流對其經(jīng)濟增長的影響方向及作用機制具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。鑒于中國智力外流的現(xiàn)實情況,考察智力外流對經(jīng)濟增長的影響有兩種可行性思路：從縱向時間維度看,中國智力外流程度在不同的時期存在顯著的差別,那么智力外流的經(jīng)濟增長效應是否會呈現(xiàn)出階段性特征；從橫向地區(qū)差異性看,中國不同地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平存在顯著差異性,那么智力外流的經(jīng)濟增長效應是否會產(chǎn)生地區(qū)性差異。本文通過時間維度上的階段性特征分析和空間地區(qū)性差異影響分析相結(jié)合,靜態(tài)與動態(tài)相結(jié)合來研究中國智力外流對經(jīng)濟增長的影響路徑和作用方向。具體的研究框架為：第一章引言,在界定智力外流的基礎(chǔ)上說明研究背景及意義,闡述研究思路與創(chuàng)新之處；第二章理論述評回顧和梳理了國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究文獻；第三章運用1992-2011年中國省際面板數(shù)據(jù),就智力外流對經(jīng)濟增長影響的階段性特征進行實證檢驗；第四章進一步檢驗智力外流經(jīng)濟效應的地區(qū)差異特征；第五章為結(jié)論及政策建議。論文通過定性分析與定量分析的結(jié)合說明了中國智力外流對經(jīng)濟增長的影響方向、作用機制和作用特征。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：從時間維度來看,中國智力外流的經(jīng)濟效應在不同發(fā)展階段內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)差異化特征。在1992-2000年間為負效應,但教育激勵下的人力資本提升效應顯著為正；在2001-2011年間智力回流主導下的生產(chǎn)率提高效應與教育激勵效應共同促使有益智力外流的形成；從空間維度來看,中國智力外流通過激勵人力資本形成與積累顯著促進了國內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟增長,內(nèi)陸欠發(fā)達地區(qū)智力外流的人力資本激勵效應的邊際作用比較大,而沿海發(fā)達地區(qū)人力資本影響經(jīng)濟增長的效果更強,總體來看,智力外流的經(jīng)濟增長效應在沿海發(fā)達地區(qū)更加明顯。此外,論文通過引入交互項還發(fā)現(xiàn)智力外流通過人力資本激勵效應對經(jīng)濟增長的影響隨智力流動規(guī)模的擴大而提高,進一步引發(fā)對中國最優(yōu)智力外流水平的思考,為研究有益智力外流顯現(xiàn)過程中的“發(fā)展門檻”提供了借鑒意義
[Abstract]:Since 1960, the number of global migrants has increased from 74 million to about 200 million, and migrants are increasingly moving from developing to developed countries, while, at the same time, The proportion of immigrants to higher education has also increased significantly. The accelerated migration of high-level talent from developing to developed countries has caused much attention to the problem of brain drain from developing countries, which has triggered the economy. Social effects are highly valued by international organizations, governments and scholars, including the United Nations and the World Bank. As a developing country, the scale of the brain drain of China cannot be ignored. The convenience of the flow of elements between countries has been enhanced, and the phenomenon of brain drain has become more evident. In this context, It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence direction and mechanism of Chinese brain drain on its economic growth. There are two feasible ways to examine the influence of brain drain on economic growth: from the vertical time dimension, there are significant differences in the degree of intellectual outflow in different periods in China. Then, will the economic growth effect of the brain drain take on a phased feature; from the perspective of horizontal regional differences, there are significant differences in the level of economic development in different regions of China. Then, whether the economic growth effect of the brain drain will produce regional differences, this paper combines the stage characteristic analysis in time dimension with the spatial regional difference influence analysis. This paper combines static and dynamic to study the influence path and direction of Chinese brain drain on economic growth. The specific research framework is as follows: the first chapter introduces the background and significance of the study on the basis of defining the brain drain. The second chapter reviews and combs the domestic and foreign related research literature, the third chapter uses the Chinese provincial panel data from 1992 to 2011 to carry on the empirical test on the stage characteristic of the intellectual outflow's influence on the economic growth; Chapter four further examines the characteristics of regional differences in the economic effects of the brain drain, and the fifth chapter is the conclusion and policy recommendations. Through the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the paper explains the direction of the impact of the brain drain on the economic growth in China. The study shows that the economic effects of Chinese brain drain show different characteristics in different stages of development from the time dimension. It is a negative effect from 1992 to 2000. However, the effect of human capital enhancement under the education incentive is significantly positive; from 2001 to 2011, the productivity improvement effect and the educational incentive effect under the intelligence return lead to the formation of beneficial intelligence outflow. China's intellectual outflow has significantly promoted domestic economic growth by stimulating the formation and accumulation of human capital. The marginal effect of human capital incentive effect of intellectual outflow in less developed inland areas is relatively large. The effect of human capital on economic growth is stronger in the coastal developed areas. In general, the economic growth effect of the brain drain is more obvious in the coastal developed areas. Through the introduction of interactive terms, the paper also finds that the impact of brain drain on economic growth through human capital incentive effect increases with the expansion of the scale of intellectual mobility, which further leads to the consideration of the optimal level of brain drain in China. It provides a reference for the study of the "threshold of development" in the process of beneficial intellectual outflow.
【學位授予單位】：山東理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.1;F249.21
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本文編號：1645930