本文關(guān)鍵詞： 產(chǎn)業(yè)集群 低碳轉(zhuǎn)型 升級模式 技術(shù)創(chuàng)新　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：世界經(jīng)濟(jì)歷經(jīng)工業(yè)化、信息化之后,正在走向“低碳化”,這將從根本上長期影響著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展方向,我們必須盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的低碳轉(zhuǎn)型以應(yīng)對世界以“低碳”為主題的新一輪競爭。近年來,產(chǎn)業(yè)集群作為當(dāng)代世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中極具效率的產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)組織形式,對于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)增長發(fā)揮著越來越大的推動(dòng)作用,但是這些經(jīng)濟(jì)龍頭很多也是高碳污染的源頭,我們發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)必須抓主流、抓源頭。因此,研究產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的低碳發(fā)展水平及升級模式問題,對于實(shí)現(xiàn)中國低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型目標(biāo)極為重要。 本文以我國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群為研究對象,以低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)為研究視角,以產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的低碳化升級為研究重點(diǎn),基于產(chǎn)業(yè)集群、低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等相關(guān)理論,分析了低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的內(nèi)涵和特征,提出了我國發(fā)展低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的動(dòng)力理論模型,構(gòu)建了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳發(fā)展水平的評價(jià)模型,探討了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的低碳化升級模式,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了依據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳發(fā)展水平評價(jià)結(jié)果實(shí)行組合、動(dòng)態(tài)選擇升級模式的方法,并最后提出了促進(jìn)我國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳化升級的若干政策措施。 首先,分析了我國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的發(fā)展歷程、現(xiàn)狀及主要問題,指出我國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群雖然已經(jīng)成為我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要增長極,但主要分布在一些高碳行業(yè),單位產(chǎn)值能耗較高,而且集群技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng),國際競爭力薄弱,因而需要通過低碳轉(zhuǎn)型來獲得可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在此基礎(chǔ)上探討了低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的內(nèi)涵和特征,并從內(nèi)外兩個(gè)角度分析我國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳升級的動(dòng)力。 其次,在明確了我國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群應(yīng)該走低碳化升級道路的前提下,進(jìn)一步探討了兩種評價(jià)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳發(fā)展水平的方法,分別從整體和局部來評價(jià)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的現(xiàn)有低碳發(fā)展水平和低碳發(fā)展的潛在能力。第一種方法是基于Tapio脫鉤理論構(gòu)建了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與二氧化碳排放脫鉤測度模型,從整體上評價(jià)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與二氧化碳的脫鉤水平；第二種方法是運(yùn)用層次分析法構(gòu)建產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳發(fā)展水平評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,用3個(gè)一級指標(biāo)和21個(gè)二級指標(biāo)來具體評價(jià)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的低碳發(fā)展水平和低碳發(fā)展能力。 第三,在對產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳發(fā)展水平作出評價(jià)后,應(yīng)選擇合適的發(fā)展模式來實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳升級。從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)視角分析,產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳化升級有低碳定位、局部改造、重點(diǎn)改造、選擇淘汰和直接淘汰五種模式；而從產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)視角分析,產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳化升級有“內(nèi)部創(chuàng)新——流程再造——提升”(IPP)和“外部引進(jìn)——消化吸收——蛻變,,(EDT)兩種模式。產(chǎn)業(yè)集群應(yīng)該根據(jù)兩種低碳評價(jià)結(jié)果組合來選擇具體的升級模式,并根據(jù)自身的低碳升級進(jìn)度適時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)選擇新的升級模式。 第四,選取了兩個(gè)具有代表性且來自不同行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群作為樣本進(jìn)行產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳發(fā)展水平評價(jià)的實(shí)證研究。分別對這兩個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與碳排放脫鉤情況測度,同時(shí)運(yùn)用低碳評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系對樣本進(jìn)行了具體低碳發(fā)展水平和發(fā)展能力的評價(jià),并依據(jù)兩種結(jié)果組合分析了各自的低碳升級模式,為其它產(chǎn)業(yè)集群起到了一定的借鑒作用。 最后,從政府、集群和企業(yè)三個(gè)層面提出了促進(jìn)我國產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳化升級的對策建議。一是政府層面應(yīng)科學(xué)制定低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)集群發(fā)展規(guī)劃,立法保障規(guī)劃落實(shí)；合理制定產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)組織和產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)政策,引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群低碳轉(zhuǎn)型；加速制定綠色標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和低碳法律,多途徑倡導(dǎo)綠色消費(fèi)。二是集群層面應(yīng)構(gòu)建集群產(chǎn)學(xué)研技術(shù)創(chuàng)新平臺,自主研發(fā)低碳技術(shù)；構(gòu)建低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈,打造生態(tài)工業(yè)園；發(fā)揮行業(yè)協(xié)會監(jiān)督服務(wù)作用,實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群可持續(xù)發(fā)展；三是企業(yè)層面應(yīng)樹立低碳發(fā)展理念,形成低碳企業(yè)文化；重新定位企業(yè)目標(biāo),應(yīng)對低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)；多層面與監(jiān)管者互動(dòng),贏得低碳改造時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:The world economy after industrialization, informatization, is to "low carbon", which will fundamentally affect the long-term development direction of China economy, we must achieve economic development as soon as possible the low carbon transition in response to the world with "low carbon" as the theme of a new round of competition. In recent years, as the great efficiency of the contemporary world the economic development in the form of economic organization of industrial clusters, in the regional economic growth plays an increasingly important role, but these are also a lot of high carbon economy leading source of pollution, we must grasp the development of low carbon economy main stream, grab the source. Therefore, the problem of low carbon development and upgrade mode of industrial cluster. Is extremely important to achieve the goal China transformation of low carbon economy.
Based on the industrial cluster in our country as the research object, to a low carbon economy perspective to low-carbon industrial clusters upgrading is the focus of the study, based on the industrial cluster, low carbon economy, technology innovation related theory, analyses the connotation and characteristics of low-carbon industrial clusters, put forward a dynamic theory model of the development of low carbon industry cluster in our country, construct the evaluation level of low carbon development model of industrial cluster, discusses the low carbon industry cluster upgrade mode, this paper puts forward an evaluation based on the industry cluster level of low carbon development results in the implementation of dynamic combination, choose to upgrade mode method, and finally proposes some policies and measures to promote low-carbon upgrade in China the industrial cluster.
First of all, the analysis of the development process of industrial clusters in China, the present situation and major problems, pointed out that China's industrial cluster has become an important growth pole of regional economy in our country, but mainly in some high carbon industries, energy consumption per unit output value is higher, and the cluster technology innovation ability is not strong, the international competitiveness is weak, so need to get the sustainable development of the low carbon transition. On the basis of the connotation and characteristics of low-carbon industrial clusters, and dynamic analysis of China's industrial clusters upgrading of low carbon from two aspects at home and abroad.
Secondly, in the premise of China's industrial clusters should lower carbon upgrade Road, further discusses the two methods for the evaluation of industrial clusters of low carbon development level, potential existing level of low carbon development and low carbon development respectively from the overall and partial evaluation of industrial cluster. The first method is Tapio decoupling theory the construction of industrial cluster economic development and carbon dioxide emissions measurement model based on decoupling, decoupling the level of evaluation of economic growth of industrial clusters and carbon dioxide on the whole; the second method is to use AHP to construct the evaluation index system of low carbon industrial cluster development level, with 3 indexes and 21 level two indexes to the evaluation of industrial cluster the level of low carbon development and low carbon development ability.
In third, to evaluate the development level of low-carbon industrial clusters, should choose suitable development mode to realize the upgrading of low carbon. Analysis from the perspective of industrial structure, the upgrading of industrial clusters of low carbon low carbon positioning, local transformation, focus on the transformation, selection and direct elimination of five modes; and from the perspective of industrial technology analysis. Low carbon industrial cluster upgrading "internal innovation process reengineering, improvement" (IPP) and external introduction - digestion and absorption, transformation, and (EDT) two modes. The industrial cluster should be based on the evaluation results of two kinds of low carbon combinations to select specific upgrade mode, and according to their own low-carbon upgrades timely dynamic choose a new upgrade mode.
Fourth, an empirical study of two representative and from different sectors of the industry cluster as a sample for evaluation of low carbon development level of industrial clusters. Each of the two industrial clusters of economic development and carbon emissions decoupling measures at the same time, the evaluation index system to evaluate the specific low carbon low carbon development level and development the ability of the sample application, and based on the results of two kinds of combination analysis of low carbon respective upgrade mode, to a certain reference for other industrial clusters.
Finally, from the government, three industrial clusters and enterprise level put forward some countermeasures to promote China's industrial clusters upgrading is a low carbon. The government should formulate low-carbon industrial cluster development plan, planning the implementation of legislation; establishing reasonable industrial structure, industrial organization and industrial technology policy, guide the industrial clusters of low carbon transition accelerated; green standard and low carbon law, many ways to advocate green consumption. Two is the cluster level should build a platform for technological innovation cluster research, independent research and development of low carbon technology; the construction of low carbon industry chain, to build eco industrial park; industry associations play a role of supervision service, realize the sustainable development of industrial clusters; three is the enterprise should establish the concept of low level the development of low carbon carbon, the formation of enterprise culture; re positioning of enterprise target, to a low carbon economy challenge; multi level regulators and win interaction, low carbon transformation time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.5

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