本文關(guān)鍵詞： 廣州市商會(huì) 擠兌風(fēng)潮 法幣改革 銀業(yè)同業(yè)公會(huì)　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近代中國商會(huì)是時(shí)代和經(jīng)濟(jì)變革的產(chǎn)物,也是中國資產(chǎn)階級(jí)初步形成的重要標(biāo)志。20世紀(jì)初年,清政府在內(nèi)憂外患的夾擊下,經(jīng)濟(jì)政策發(fā)生了明顯的變化,被迫采取了一系列新措施促進(jìn)工商實(shí)業(yè)的發(fā)展。就在清政府積極推行“新政”的時(shí)代背景下,中國近代商會(huì)在官方倡導(dǎo)和民間推動(dòng)的雙重合力下應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了。中國近代商會(huì)跨越了晚清、北京政府和南京政府三個(gè)時(shí)期,共存續(xù)了約半個(gè)世紀(jì)之久,在中國從傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)演進(jìn)的過程中發(fā)揮了積極的作用。 從已有的商會(huì)史研究成果來看,時(shí)間跨度主要集中于1928年之前,1928年之后的商會(huì)涉及不多；從研究的內(nèi)容上來看,多數(shù)成果比較關(guān)注商會(huì)在政治參與、城市管理、商會(huì)與政府的關(guān)系等等方面,較少專門針對(duì)商會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的作用進(jìn)行討論的；從個(gè)案分析上看,目前主要集中于上海、天津、蘇州、漢口等地的商會(huì)研究,而對(duì)同樣作為民國四大商會(huì)之一的廣州商會(huì)的研究則略顯薄弱。身處自清末到民國的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期,商會(huì)的活動(dòng)常常會(huì)超出其經(jīng)濟(jì)職能的范圍,將其功能伸展到政治、地方自治、教育、公益事業(yè)等諸多領(lǐng)域,但經(jīng)濟(jì)功能才是商會(huì)的主要職能。有鑒于此,本文以原始檔案和報(bào)刊資料為基礎(chǔ),以1930年代的廣州市商會(huì)為研究對(duì)象,試圖揭開廣州市商會(huì)在1930至1937年期間的歷史面貌,著重關(guān)注被國民政府改組后的廣州市商會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的功能與舉措。 民國時(shí)期,廣東是當(dāng)時(shí)國內(nèi)資本主義工商業(yè)最發(fā)達(dá)的省份之一,1904年清政府商部積極勸諭全國各地經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)創(chuàng)辦商會(huì),1905年在廣州原有的行會(huì)組織“七十二行”的積極推動(dòng)下,成立了廣州歷史上的第一家商會(huì)“廣州商務(wù)總會(huì)”,以“聯(lián)絡(luò)群情,開通民智,提倡激勵(lì),興利除弊為宗旨”。受孫中山革命局勢(shì)影響,到1920年代,廣州市內(nèi)竟然出現(xiàn)了多家商會(huì)并存的局面,各商會(huì)之間時(shí)有糾紛,局面紛亂。為統(tǒng)一商運(yùn),南京國民政府頒布《商會(huì)法》,訓(xùn)令廣州市內(nèi)各家商會(huì)限期進(jìn)行合并改組,并于1931年2月成立新廣州市商會(huì),結(jié)束‘了商會(huì)紛亂的局面。新成立的廣州市商會(huì)其權(quán)力雖被大大削弱,但依然作為廣大工商業(yè)者的共同組織,在維護(hù)商民利益、推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、調(diào)和社會(huì)矛盾等方面都發(fā)揮了不可忽略的影響和作用。作為政府與廣州市眾多工商業(yè)者之間的中介和橋梁,廣州市商會(huì)多次通過與政府之間的溝通和交涉,并積極采取各種措施在平息金融風(fēng)潮、規(guī)范市場(chǎng)行為、維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序、調(diào)解工商糾紛等經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域,發(fā)揮了重要的職能與作用,為廣州近代社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常運(yùn)行和良性發(fā)展做出了舉足輕重的貢獻(xiàn)。 研究近代的商會(huì)對(duì)于今天的中國社會(huì)管理也有著積極的借鑒意義,隨著目前工商業(yè)組織在社會(huì)的行業(yè)管理和行業(yè)自律方面發(fā)揮著越來越主動(dòng)的作用,培育民間社會(huì)力量作為對(duì)政府功能的有效補(bǔ)充,不僅可以減輕社會(huì)運(yùn)行的成本,減少社會(huì)摩擦,緩和社會(huì)矛盾,而且對(duì)規(guī)范市場(chǎng)管理和維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序,促進(jìn)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和諧,都具有積極的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:The modern Chinese chamber of commerce is a product of social and economic change, an important symbol of.20 century is China bourgeois formed, the Qing government in the domestic trouble and foreign invasion under attack, changes in economic policy, a series of new measures to take to promote the development of industry and commerce. In the Qing government to actively implement the "New Deal" era under the background, China Modern Chamber of Commerce in the official and folk advocate double efforts to promote Chinese emerged. The modern chamber of commerce across the late Qing Dynasty, the government of Beijing and the government of Nanjing in three periods, the coexistence continued for about half a century ago, played a positive role in the process of Chinese evolution from the traditional society to the modern society.
From the existing research achievements in the history of the chamber of Commerce, the time span is mainly concentrated in 1928 before 1928 after the chamber of Commerce involved much; research from the content point of view, the majority of the achievements of concern in political participation in the city chamber of Commerce, chamber of Commerce and management, government relations and so on, less specifically for the role of chambers of Commerce in the economic field are discussed; from the case analysis, mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Tianjin, Suzhou, Hankou and other places of chamber of Commerce, and the same as the research of the Guangzhou chamber of Commerce in four of the chamber of commerce is slightly weak. Since the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China at the period of social transformation, the chamber of Commerce activities often go beyond the scope of its economic function it extends to the political function, local autonomy, public welfare, education, and other areas, but the economic function is the main function of the chamber of Commerce. In view of this, based on the original archives and newspapers. Based on the data, the chamber of Commerce in Guangzhou in 1930s was taken as the research object, trying to uncover the historical appearance of Guangzhou chamber of Commerce from 1930 to 1937, focusing on the functions and initiatives of Guangzhou chamber of Commerce in the economic field after the reorganization of the national government.
The period of the Republic of China, Guangdong is one of the most developed capitalist industry and Commerce provinces at that time, the Qing government in 1904 the Ministry of commerce actively advise the country economically developed areas in 1905, the founder of the chamber of Commerce, and actively promote the Guangzhou original Guild "all sorts of occupations", established the first chamber of Commerce "in the history of Guangzhou Guangzhou chamber of Commerce," "the contact, enlighten, advocate and incentive, for the purpose of" Sun Zhongshan revolution. The influence of the situation, to 1920s, the city of Guangzhou has a number of chamber of Commerce coexist, when there is a dispute between the chamber of Commerce, the situation chaos. Unified commercial operation, the Nanjing government promulgated the "law" of Guangzhou City Chamber of Commerce, the chamber of Commerce instructions the deadline for the merger reorganization, and the establishment of the new Guangzhou City Chamber of Commerce on February 1931, the end of the chamber of Commerce "chaotic situation. The newly established Guangzhou City Chamber of Commerce has been greatly weakened their power, But still as common organization of the industrialists and businessmen, in the maintenance of the interests of business, promote economic development, harmonious social conflicts and other aspects play a role and can not be ignored. As a bridge between the government and the city of Guangzhou many businesses, many times by the Guangzhou chamber of Commerce and communication between the government and the negotiations, and actively take various measures to quell the financial unrest, regulate market behavior, maintaining market order, industrial and commercial disputes mediation and other economic fields, play the function and role, has made important contributions for the normal operation of the social economy in modern Guangzhou and the benign development.
Study on the modern chamber of Commerce for Chinese social management today also has a positive reference, with the current industrial and commercial organizations in the social management and industry self-discipline play an increasingly active role in fostering social forces, as the effective supplement of the government function, not only can reduce the cost of social operation, reduce social friction. To alleviate the social contradiction, and to regulate the market management and maintaining market order, promoting social stability and harmony, has a positive practical significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F129

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