本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國碳減排的成本和效益分析　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 碳減排 距離性函數(shù) 影子價格 碳交易機制

【摘要】：全球氣候變暖和減少碳排放已經(jīng)成為世界各國政府與公眾持續(xù)關(guān)注的焦點,國際社會相繼行動起來尋求解決之道。作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家和溫室氣體排放大國,對于發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟,我國政府始終都采取支持和贊同的態(tài)度,并且將具體的減排指標納入到國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的中長期規(guī)劃之中。但是我國各地區(qū)由于發(fā)展階段、經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)以及能源消費結(jié)構(gòu)的不同,其減排的經(jīng)濟成本和效益存在巨大差異。因此,對我國各地區(qū)的碳減排經(jīng)濟成本和綜合效益進行估算,可以直觀了解我國碳減排的潛力、特性和對我國的宏觀經(jīng)濟影響,為我國實現(xiàn)減排目標制定宏觀經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)略和能源規(guī)劃,積極參與國際氣候變化協(xié)商和談判爭取合理的權(quán)益提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)。 首先,本文估算了我國各省區(qū)CO2排放量,將我國30個省市地區(qū)劃分為9個經(jīng)濟區(qū)域,結(jié)合各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平和特點,分析了我國碳排放的區(qū)域性差異和原因。接著本文介紹了我國節(jié)能減排的主要政策和取得的成果,以及作為我國碳排放大戶的電力行業(yè)減排的主要措施。又介紹了碳排放交易機制形成的原理、交易體系的迅速發(fā)展以及我國清潔發(fā)展機制項目(CDM)的發(fā)展情況。 然后,本文基于方向性距離函數(shù),采用非參數(shù)化方法和參數(shù)化方法分別估計了中國30個省、市地區(qū)2010年二氧化碳排放的影子價格,兩種方法測算得到的結(jié)果不盡相同但變化趨勢基本一致。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),中國各地區(qū)碳排放的影子價格平均值每噸在21695.32元,生產(chǎn)效率較高、經(jīng)濟水平較高地區(qū)的影子價格的水平也較高,因此我國應(yīng)該實行差異化的區(qū)域減排政策。 最后,基于碳排放交易機制分析了我國碳減排的經(jīng)濟效益、社會效益和環(huán)境效益。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),我國的CDM項目發(fā)展迅速,尤其在新能源和再生能源CDM項目上的減排潛力和經(jīng)濟效益的空間很大,但是碳交易市場還存在很多問題,我國應(yīng)大力開發(fā)和引進CDM項目的同時建立統(tǒng)一的碳交易平臺,完善碳交易機制。
[Abstract]:Global climate warming and reducing carbon emissions have become the focus of governments and the public all over the world. As the largest developing country and greenhouse gas emitter in the world, our government has always adopted the attitude of support and approval for the development of low-carbon economy. And the specific emission reduction targets into the national economy and social development in the medium and long term planning, but due to the development of different regions, economic structure and energy consumption structure is different. Therefore, to estimate the economic cost and comprehensive benefit of carbon abatement in various regions of China, we can intuitively understand the potential of carbon emission reduction in China. The characteristics and the macroeconomic impact on China provide a scientific basis for China to make macroeconomic strategy and energy planning to achieve the emission reduction targets and to actively participate in international climate change negotiations and negotiations for reasonable rights and interests. First of all, this paper estimates the CO2 emissions from provinces and regions in China, divides 30 provinces and cities into 9 economic regions, and combines the level and characteristics of economic development in each region. This paper analyzes the regional differences and causes of carbon emissions in China. Then this paper introduces the main policies and achievements of energy saving and emission reduction in China. As a major carbon emitter in China, the main measures of reducing carbon emissions in the power industry are also introduced. The formation of carbon emissions trading mechanism is also introduced. The rapid development of the trading system and the development of China's CDM project CDM. Then, based on the directional distance function, this paper estimates the shadow price of carbon dioxide emissions in 2010 in 30 provinces and cities in China by using non-parametric method and parameterized method. The results obtained by the two methods are different but the trend is basically the same. The results show that the average shadow price of carbon emissions in different regions of China is 21695.32 yuan per ton and the production efficiency is high. The level of shadow price is also higher in the areas with higher economic level, so our country should implement the policy of regional emission reduction. Finally, based on the carbon emissions trading mechanism, the economic, social and environmental benefits of carbon emission reduction in China are analyzed. The results show that CDM projects in China are developing rapidly. Especially in the new energy and renewable energy CDM project on the potential and economic benefits of emission reduction space is very large, but there are still many problems in the carbon trading market. China should vigorously develop and introduce CDM projects and establish a unified carbon trading platform and improve the carbon trading mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F124.5

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