陜西關(guān)中地區(qū)1900年、1929年兩次大旱荒的對(duì)比研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-27 17:58
【摘要】：近代以來中國(guó)自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)。中國(guó)作為一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家,自然災(zāi)害極易造成社會(huì)的動(dòng)蕩,因此,災(zāi)害事件成為考量王朝穩(wěn)定的晴雨表,如何應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)荒而來的行政制度成為中國(guó)政治運(yùn)行的重要有機(jī)體。本文以陜西關(guān)中地區(qū)為中心,以清末1900年大旱災(zāi)和民國(guó)1929年大旱災(zāi)為研究對(duì)象。旨在就同一地區(qū),不同社會(huì)政治背景下災(zāi)害及社會(huì)與民眾應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)荒時(shí)的舉措、績(jī)效進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,以此來觀察和解析在晚清和民國(guó)兩種不同的社會(huì)型態(tài)下,隨著社會(huì)的變化,在災(zāi)荒發(fā)生的前后是否對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)荒事件也隨之發(fā)生了根本性的變化。本文對(duì)此問題的闡述主要分為三大部分。 第一部分主要是第一章即緒論部分。全章分為四節(jié)內(nèi)容,主要是概述國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)學(xué)者的研究現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì)；介紹本研究的理由、意義以及研究的目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容界定、關(guān)鍵問題、研究的方法、手段及可行性分析等。 第二部分是全文的主體,主要包括文章的第二章和第三章。其中第二章主要是對(duì)于1900年大旱災(zāi)和1929年大旱災(zāi)做一個(gè)全景式的描述,包括兩次大旱災(zāi)各自的成因、過程發(fā)展、災(zāi)情實(shí)況和表現(xiàn)、后果、救災(zāi)舉措及評(píng)價(jià)、災(zāi)后建設(shè)等。第三章主要是針對(duì)1900年和1929年兩次陜西大旱災(zāi)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,以此來解讀在兩次大旱災(zāi)發(fā)生的前后,社會(huì)及民眾在應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)荒時(shí)所表現(xiàn)出來的變化等內(nèi)容。 第三部分主要是兩次大旱荒的影響與啟示,即第四章。全章共分為三節(jié),就三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容展開論述,總結(jié)了1900年大旱災(zāi)和1929年大旱災(zāi)的直接影響及間接影響、意義和留給我們的啟示等,最后概括性的總結(jié)全文。 綜上所述,二十世紀(jì)初,天災(zāi)頻頻襲來,清王朝日趨衰落,人禍如影隨行,使得廣大人民生活猶如煉獄。社會(huì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)都面臨著巨大的考驗(yàn),其應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)荒的能力也由于自身的腐敗統(tǒng)治而一步步弱化與虛無。南京國(guó)民政府盡管繼承孫中山的建國(guó)方略,但統(tǒng)治的內(nèi)耗與政治權(quán)利獲取壓倒一切的政治認(rèn)識(shí),從而使得在旱荒應(yīng)對(duì)上掣肘重重。然而就兩次災(zāi)荒進(jìn)行單獨(dú)的對(duì)比觀察,我們不能簡(jiǎn)單的僅僅以兩次災(zāi)荒的應(yīng)對(duì)績(jī)效本身來看待國(guó)家的災(zāi)害應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制,透過兩次災(zāi)害各自的特點(diǎn)及區(qū)別,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了近代民間義賑的崛起；從晚清至民國(guó)中央政府在應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)荒舉措上的現(xiàn)代化力量的增進(jìn)。故就此看,對(duì)待任何問題絕不能僅僅以結(jié)果的成敗來做以定論,應(yīng)該在長(zhǎng)時(shí)段的視角下關(guān)注事件的過程中的社會(huì)生態(tài),進(jìn)而去觀察解析其細(xì)微的變化及深層原因,對(duì)于歷史及社會(huì)的影響、啟示等等,為今后社會(huì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展樹立起人們對(duì)生命的珍視與人文關(guān)懷,激發(fā)民眾在當(dāng)前自然災(zāi)害時(shí)有發(fā)生的環(huán)境中,對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)荒的民眾參與和友愛社會(huì)。
[Abstract]:Natural disasters occur frequently in China since modern times. As an agricultural country, natural disasters in China are easy to cause social unrest. Therefore, disaster events have become a barometer to consider the stability of the dynasty, and how to deal with the famine administrative system has become an important organism in the political operation of China. In this paper, Guanzhong area in Shaanxi Province as the center, the late Qing Dynasty and the late 1900 drought and the Republic of China 1929 drought as the object of study. The aim is to compare and analyze the performance of disasters in the same region, in different socio-political contexts, and in response to the famine between society and the people, so as to observe and analyze the social changes under two different social patterns, namely, the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Before and after the famine, whether or not to respond to the famine incident has also taken place a fundamental change. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the first chapter, the introduction part. The whole chapter is divided into four sections, which mainly summarizes the research status and trend of relevant scholars at home and abroad, and introduces the reasons, significance, objectives, content definition, key issues, research methods, means and feasibility analysis of this study. The second part is the main body of the paper, mainly including the second and third chapters of the article. The second chapter is to make a panoramic description of the major drought in 1900 and 1929, including the causes of the two major droughts, the process development, the situation and performance of the disaster, the consequences, disaster relief measures and evaluation, post-disaster construction and so on. The third chapter makes a comparative analysis of the two major droughts in Shaanxi province in 1900 and 1929 in order to interpret the changes of the society and the people in response to the famine before and after the two major droughts. The third part is mainly the influence and enlightenment of two great drought and famine, namely the fourth chapter. The whole chapter is divided into three sections, discusses three contents, summarizes the direct and indirect effects of the great drought in 1900 and 1929, the significance and the enlightenment left to us, etc., and finally summarizes the full text. To sum up, at the beginning of the 20th century, natural disasters frequently attacked, the Qing Dynasty declined day by day, man-made disasters accompanied, making the lives of the vast number of people like purgatory. Society's politics and economy are facing a great test, and its ability to deal with famine is weakened and nihilistic step by step because of its own corruption rule. Although the Nanjing National Government inherited Sun Zhongshan's strategy of founding China, its internal friction and political rights gained overwhelming political knowledge, which made it difficult to cope with drought and famine. However, we can not simply look at the national disaster response mechanism in terms of the response performance of the two disasters, and through the respective characteristics and differences of the two disasters, we can not simply look at the national disaster response mechanism on the basis of a single comparative observation of the two disasters. We found the rise of folk relief in modern times; From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the central government in response to famine measures on the promotion of modernization. Therefore, the treatment of any problem should not only be determined by the success or failure of the outcome, but should focus on the social ecology in the process of the event from a long-term perspective, and then observe and analyze its subtle changes and the underlying causes. The influence of history and society, enlightenment, and so on, set up people's cherishing and humanistic care for life for the further development of society in the future, and stimulate the people in the environment in which natural disasters occur frequently at present. To deal with the famine of the public participation and fraternity society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：N09
本文編號(hào)：2431482
[Abstract]:Natural disasters occur frequently in China since modern times. As an agricultural country, natural disasters in China are easy to cause social unrest. Therefore, disaster events have become a barometer to consider the stability of the dynasty, and how to deal with the famine administrative system has become an important organism in the political operation of China. In this paper, Guanzhong area in Shaanxi Province as the center, the late Qing Dynasty and the late 1900 drought and the Republic of China 1929 drought as the object of study. The aim is to compare and analyze the performance of disasters in the same region, in different socio-political contexts, and in response to the famine between society and the people, so as to observe and analyze the social changes under two different social patterns, namely, the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Before and after the famine, whether or not to respond to the famine incident has also taken place a fundamental change. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part is the first chapter, the introduction part. The whole chapter is divided into four sections, which mainly summarizes the research status and trend of relevant scholars at home and abroad, and introduces the reasons, significance, objectives, content definition, key issues, research methods, means and feasibility analysis of this study. The second part is the main body of the paper, mainly including the second and third chapters of the article. The second chapter is to make a panoramic description of the major drought in 1900 and 1929, including the causes of the two major droughts, the process development, the situation and performance of the disaster, the consequences, disaster relief measures and evaluation, post-disaster construction and so on. The third chapter makes a comparative analysis of the two major droughts in Shaanxi province in 1900 and 1929 in order to interpret the changes of the society and the people in response to the famine before and after the two major droughts. The third part is mainly the influence and enlightenment of two great drought and famine, namely the fourth chapter. The whole chapter is divided into three sections, discusses three contents, summarizes the direct and indirect effects of the great drought in 1900 and 1929, the significance and the enlightenment left to us, etc., and finally summarizes the full text. To sum up, at the beginning of the 20th century, natural disasters frequently attacked, the Qing Dynasty declined day by day, man-made disasters accompanied, making the lives of the vast number of people like purgatory. Society's politics and economy are facing a great test, and its ability to deal with famine is weakened and nihilistic step by step because of its own corruption rule. Although the Nanjing National Government inherited Sun Zhongshan's strategy of founding China, its internal friction and political rights gained overwhelming political knowledge, which made it difficult to cope with drought and famine. However, we can not simply look at the national disaster response mechanism in terms of the response performance of the two disasters, and through the respective characteristics and differences of the two disasters, we can not simply look at the national disaster response mechanism on the basis of a single comparative observation of the two disasters. We found the rise of folk relief in modern times; From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the central government in response to famine measures on the promotion of modernization. Therefore, the treatment of any problem should not only be determined by the success or failure of the outcome, but should focus on the social ecology in the process of the event from a long-term perspective, and then observe and analyze its subtle changes and the underlying causes. The influence of history and society, enlightenment, and so on, set up people's cherishing and humanistic care for life for the further development of society in the future, and stimulate the people in the environment in which natural disasters occur frequently at present. To deal with the famine of the public participation and fraternity society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：N09
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 王印煥;1927～1937年河北流民問題成因探析[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1998年01期
2 曹敏;民國(guó)時(shí)期省外資本對(duì)陜西工業(yè)的投資[J];寶雞文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2000年04期
3 張可榮;生態(tài)破壞與災(zāi)荒頻發(fā)的惡性循環(huán)——近代陜北多災(zāi)的主要原因[J];長(zhǎng)沙電力學(xué)院社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1997年01期
4 歐陽晴;;民國(guó)自然災(zāi)害史研究綜述[J];防災(zāi)科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2008年04期
5 趙景波;李艷芳;董雯;王娜;;關(guān)中地區(qū)清代干旱災(zāi)害研究[J];干旱區(qū)研究;2008年06期
6 周亞;張俊鋒;;1900—1949年關(guān)中地區(qū)旱澇災(zāi)害時(shí)空特征初探[J];干旱區(qū)資源與環(huán)境;2007年01期
7 趙楠;侯秀秀;;1928-1930年陜西大旱災(zāi)及其影響探析[J];寧夏師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2012年02期
8 李勤;;南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期救荒中的腐敗問題析論[J];華中科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2006年02期
9 李文海;中國(guó)近代災(zāi)荒與社會(huì)生活[J];近代史研究;1990年05期
10 周秋光;民國(guó)北京政府時(shí)期中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)的慈善救護(hù)與賑濟(jì)活動(dòng)[J];近代史研究;2000年06期
，本文編號(hào)：2431482
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/jingjilunwen/zhengzhijingjixuelunwen/2431482.html
最近更新
教材專著
