【摘要】：2013年和2014年的黨的十八屆三中、四中全會(huì)提出擴(kuò)大各地立法主體的建議。經(jīng)過全國(guó)人大及其常委會(huì)對(duì)《立法法》修正案的多次審議,最終于2015年3月通過了《關(guān)于修改中華人民共和國(guó)立法法的決定》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《決定》)。針對(duì)地方政府規(guī)章制定權(quán)的修改是此次《立法法》修改的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一,新《立法法》將地方政府的規(guī)章制定主體擴(kuò)大為所有設(shè)區(qū)的市,同時(shí)對(duì)規(guī)章內(nèi)容作了相應(yīng)的限制。新修訂的《立法法》擴(kuò)大地方政府規(guī)章制定權(quán)的原因是多方面的,比如,鼓勵(lì)各地方發(fā)揮主動(dòng)性與積極性;實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家治理的現(xiàn)代化和滿足各地的發(fā)展需求;使地方管理更加地特色化等等。我國(guó)是個(gè)地域廣闊,各地資源分布不均、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差異較大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。新修訂的《立法法》對(duì)地方立法權(quán)力的擴(kuò)大可以使各地方根據(jù)本地區(qū)的實(shí)際情況制定出更加具有執(zhí)行力和可行性的規(guī)章,進(jìn)而更加有效率地管理社會(huì)。但是,畢竟地方政府是行政機(jī)關(guān)而非立法機(jī)關(guān),其強(qiáng)大的執(zhí)行性和強(qiáng)制性容易將公民的權(quán)利置于危險(xiǎn)的境地。《立法法》雖然在擴(kuò)大地方政府規(guī)章制定主體的同時(shí)限制了規(guī)章內(nèi)容,并規(guī)定了暫行規(guī)章的實(shí)施期限以及在沒有上位法前提下不得設(shè)定減損公民權(quán)利或增加公民義務(wù)的規(guī)章,但是仍然存在些許不足之處。本文將重點(diǎn)對(duì)《立法法》中有關(guān)地方政府規(guī)章規(guī)定的缺陷進(jìn)行研究,并試圖提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。本文共分為五部分,首先詳述了新修改《立法法》對(duì)地方政府規(guī)章制定權(quán)的具體修改內(nèi)容。該內(nèi)容大致可分為三個(gè)方面,分別為規(guī)章制定的主體、內(nèi)容以及暫行規(guī)章的期限限制。第二部分是對(duì)擴(kuò)大地方政府規(guī)章制定主體的合憲性分析。針對(duì)《立法法》賦予及擴(kuò)大地方政府規(guī)章制定權(quán)違憲的質(zhì)疑,本文先理清規(guī)章制定權(quán)的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),然后從歷史角度、憲法性質(zhì)等方面論證賦予以及擴(kuò)大地方政府規(guī)章制定權(quán)是合憲的。第三部分對(duì)《立法法》上地方政府規(guī)章制定權(quán)的相關(guān)條文做詳細(xì)分析,并指出新法存在對(duì)地方政府立法權(quán)限規(guī)定的模糊性,對(duì)修法之前的規(guī)章的存續(xù)問題規(guī)定太過簡(jiǎn)練以及對(duì)暫行規(guī)章的權(quán)限規(guī)定不夠明確等問題。第四部分分析了新法修改地方政府規(guī)章制定權(quán)引起的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題,比如對(duì)人民權(quán)利仍可能產(chǎn)生侵害,各地的規(guī)章質(zhì)量不高和地方政府規(guī)章與地方性法規(guī)立法權(quán)限模糊與沖突的問題。本文針對(duì)以上提出的問題,在最后一部分提供了相應(yīng)的完善建議。分別對(duì)有關(guān)地方規(guī)章制定權(quán)限,修法前的規(guī)章處理,地方政府規(guī)章與地方性法規(guī)的權(quán)限劃分以及提高政府規(guī)章制定水平及能力方面提出了具體的對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:In 2013 and 2014, the third session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the fourth Plenary session of the CPC Central Committee proposed to expand local legislative bodies. After many discussions on the amendments to the Legislative Law by the NPC and its standing Committee, the decision on amending the Legislative Law of the people's Republic of China was finally adopted in March 2015 (hereinafter referred to as "the decision"). The revision of the local government's rule making power is one of the key contents of this revision. The new "legislation Law" expands the main body of the local government's rules and regulations to all cities which are divided into districts, and makes corresponding restrictions on the contents of the rules and regulations. There are many reasons why the newly revised Legislative Law expands the power of local government to make rules and regulations. For example, it encourages all localities to give full play to their initiative and enthusiasm, to realize the modernization of national governance and to meet the development needs of various localities. Make local management more special and so on. China is a developing country with wide area, uneven distribution of resources and great difference in political and economic development. The expansion of the local legislative power by the newly revised "legislation Law" can make the local government make more executive and feasible regulations according to the actual situation of the region, and then manage the society more efficiently. But after all, local governments are the executive, not the legislature, Its strong enforcement and compulsion tend to put citizens' rights at risk. Although the Law on legislation expands the subject of local government regulations and limits the content of the regulations, It also stipulates the time limit for the implementation of the interim rules and regulations which can not be set under the premise of no upper law to derogate from the civil rights or increase the civic obligations, but there are still some deficiencies. This paper focuses on the defects of the local government regulations in the Legislative Law, and tries to put forward the corresponding solutions. This paper is divided into five parts. Firstly, it details the specific revision content of the local government's regulation making power by the new revision of the "legislation Law". The content can be divided into three aspects: the subject of regulation, the content and the time limit of provisional regulation. The second part is the constitutionality analysis of expanding the subject of local government regulation. In view of the doubt that the Legislative Law entrusts and expands the local government's power of making regulations against the Constitution, this paper first clarifies the development context of the power of making rules and regulations, and then from the historical point of view, Constitutional nature and other aspects of the argument to give and expand the local government rules and regulations is constitutional. The third part makes a detailed analysis of the relevant provisions of the local government's regulatory power in the Legislative Law, and points out that the new law has the ambiguity of the local government's legislative authority. The stipulation on the existence of the regulations before amending the law is too concise and the limits of authority of the provisional regulations are not clear enough. The fourth part analyzes the real problems caused by the new law to modify the right to make local government regulations, for example, the people's rights may still be infringed upon. The quality of local regulations is not high and the local government regulations and local laws and regulations legislative authority ambiguity and conflict. In the last part of this paper, some suggestions are given for the improvement of the above questions. The specific countermeasures are put forward in the aspects of making authority of local regulations, dealing with the regulations before amending the law, dividing the authority between local government regulations and local regulations, and improving the level and ability of government rules and regulations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D921

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