中國城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展動(dòng)力歷史演進(jìn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-18 08:07
【摘要】:城鎮(zhèn)是社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物,又反過來成為推動(dòng)社會發(fā)展的強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。在相當(dāng)長的歷史時(shí)期內(nèi),中國城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展水平一直處于世界領(lǐng)先的地位。在五千年中華文明史上,城鎮(zhèn)成為促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力進(jìn)步和推動(dòng)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要載體。近年以來,城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展更是日新月異,城鎮(zhèn)化、現(xiàn)代化成為世界各國發(fā)展的一個(gè)大的趨勢。與此同時(shí),隨著社會政治經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的不斷變化,城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的新問題不斷涌現(xiàn),如何促使城鎮(zhèn)快速發(fā)展并最大可能的減少城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展中的諸多問題,一個(gè)重要的方面就是厘清城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力機(jī)制,這項(xiàng)任務(wù)已成為時(shí)代賦予我們的歷史責(zé)任。中央曾多次提出加快城鎮(zhèn)化步伐,然而要策劃現(xiàn)代城鎮(zhèn)開發(fā)、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展,既要面對眼前的現(xiàn)狀,又需要考察其歷史,對于如何發(fā)展城鎮(zhèn)更要以科學(xué)研究的態(tài)度“慎思之,,明辨之,篤行之”。研究城市發(fā)展動(dòng)力正是站在更開闊的視角、更深的層次透過城鎮(zhèn)歷史發(fā)展的表面去厘清城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵關(guān)系。本文在系統(tǒng)梳理先賢研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,以中國城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力演進(jìn)為主線,站在歷史的角度去厘清不同歷史時(shí)期城鎮(zhèn)的主要發(fā)展動(dòng)力,通過動(dòng)力主線的分析試圖還原一個(gè)真實(shí)的城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展歷程,并以提升現(xiàn)階段新型城鎮(zhèn)化動(dòng)力為落腳點(diǎn),給予相應(yīng)的政策建議,以期能為新型城鎮(zhèn)化提供借鑒。 1.上古時(shí)期城鎮(zhèn)產(chǎn)生的原始動(dòng)力。從文明發(fā)展的角度出發(fā),探討了我國城鎮(zhèn)起源于三皇五帝時(shí)代,初形于夏代。城鎮(zhèn)作為古代文明的重要載體和直接表現(xiàn),其發(fā)展動(dòng)力來源于農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)力、安全需求的本源動(dòng)力、市場產(chǎn)生后聚集人群的直接動(dòng)力,但從根本上來說其動(dòng)力來源于農(nóng)業(yè)社會生產(chǎn)力的提高。 2.中古時(shí)期集權(quán)政治的強(qiáng)化及城鎮(zhèn)體系的形成。秦統(tǒng)一以后,中央集權(quán)統(tǒng)治的內(nèi)外需求,使得郡縣制行政體制設(shè)置的各級行政中心城市,構(gòu)成了郡縣制城鎮(zhèn)體系。從城鎮(zhèn)管理行政化、城鎮(zhèn)安全軍事化、城鎮(zhèn)官營經(jīng)濟(jì)三方面客觀分析了城鎮(zhèn)職能行政化特征。最后分析了“城政合一”體系下的國家控制強(qiáng)化,通過城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展軸線映證國家政治權(quán)力在城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展中的決定性作用。 3.近古時(shí)期商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮及城鎮(zhèn)的整體發(fā)展。入宋以后,城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的地域范圍擴(kuò)大,城鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)職能加強(qiáng)。同時(shí),市鎮(zhèn)的全面崛起進(jìn)一步完善了城鎮(zhèn)體系,中國城鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)入了全面整體發(fā)展的階段。城市內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生巨大變化,城鎮(zhèn)產(chǎn)業(yè)多元化發(fā)展,商業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)大量興起。雖然這一時(shí)期城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展仍未脫離政治因素的影響,但封建經(jīng)濟(jì)作為內(nèi)生力量在城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展中推力作用增強(qiáng),城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的市場化特征凸顯,生產(chǎn)要素進(jìn)一步向城市集中。 4.近代外力檄入及城鎮(zhèn)的轉(zhuǎn)型。首先,分析外力檄入造成了社會變革和城鎮(zhèn)強(qiáng)行的對外開放的結(jié)果,開埠城市的發(fā)展造就了城鎮(zhèn)的早期現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展。其次,分析民族企業(yè)家實(shí)業(yè)自救的工業(yè)化進(jìn)程對城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的積極作用。最后,探討在內(nèi)外雙重動(dòng)力下,中國近代城鎮(zhèn)的轉(zhuǎn)型。 5.當(dāng)代城鎮(zhèn)化的多元?jiǎng)恿。首先,總結(jié)了我國當(dāng)代城鎮(zhèn)化曲折坎坷的四段歷程。其次,總結(jié)分析了政府力、市場力、民間力在推動(dòng)城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展中的作用,并探析了三者之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系,提出了多元協(xié)同的合力機(jī)制。 6.我國城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展動(dòng)力演進(jìn)的歷史總結(jié)和現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示。總結(jié)分析了不同階段我國城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力因素,概括出城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展是諸多動(dòng)力綜合作用?偟膩碚f,政治權(quán)力是城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的長期動(dòng)力,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的根本動(dòng)力,而制度創(chuàng)新是城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的直接動(dòng)力。
[Abstract]:The town is the product of the social and economic development to a certain stage, which in turn has become a powerful force for the development of the society. In a considerable period of time, the level of urban development in China has been in the world's leading position. In the history of the Chinese civilization in the five thousand years, the town has become an important carrier to promote the progress of productivity and promote the development of the social economy. Since the end of the year, the development of the town is changing with each passing day, and the urbanization and the modernization have become a great trend of the development of the world in the world. At the same time, with the changing of the social and economic environment and the new problems of the urban development, how to promote the rapid development of the town and the most likely to reduce the many problems in the development of the town, an important aspect is to clear the power mechanism of the development of the town, This task has become a historical responsibility for our time. The central government has repeatedly put forward the step of speeding up the urbanization. However, it is necessary to plan the development of the modern town and coordinate the development of the urban and rural areas, so as to face the present situation and to examine the history of the city, and to make a 鈥淭o be careful, to distinguish it, and to do so.鈥
本文編號:2339412
[Abstract]:The town is the product of the social and economic development to a certain stage, which in turn has become a powerful force for the development of the society. In a considerable period of time, the level of urban development in China has been in the world's leading position. In the history of the Chinese civilization in the five thousand years, the town has become an important carrier to promote the progress of productivity and promote the development of the social economy. Since the end of the year, the development of the town is changing with each passing day, and the urbanization and the modernization have become a great trend of the development of the world in the world. At the same time, with the changing of the social and economic environment and the new problems of the urban development, how to promote the rapid development of the town and the most likely to reduce the many problems in the development of the town, an important aspect is to clear the power mechanism of the development of the town, This task has become a historical responsibility for our time. The central government has repeatedly put forward the step of speeding up the urbanization. However, it is necessary to plan the development of the modern town and coordinate the development of the urban and rural areas, so as to face the present situation and to examine the history of the city, and to make a 鈥淭o be careful, to distinguish it, and to do so.鈥
本文編號:2339412
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