生存的泥淖—論賈平凹長篇小說中知識分子的困境現(xiàn)象
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-12 09:58
【摘要】：80年代以來,中國政治、經濟、社會、思想各個領域都發(fā)生了劇烈變化,社會轉型時期的種種陣痛蔓延到每個人身上,尤其在知識分子身上。面對商品主義、物欲盛行、信仰崩潰和價值觀多元化的社會現(xiàn)實,知識分子茫然無措,無從適應,陷入生存的泥淖。本文以80年代以來賈平凹長篇小說中的知識分子形象為例,通過對他們生活狀態(tài)和精神面貌的觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)他們普遍面臨著精神上漂泊無依、事業(yè)上無果而終、感情上無處寄托的生存困境和精神危機,也產生著強烈的空虛、迷茫、困惑情緒。這些困境的原因,一方面來源于知識分子自身。專業(yè)化使他們埋頭于專職的象牙塔,與現(xiàn)實生活脫節(jié),不再具有社會責任感和公共關懷精神；邊緣化使他們喪失話語權,在與政治和民眾的對話中屢屢失敗,自我價值難以實現(xiàn)；城居化使他們不再返鄉(xiāng),產生對鄉(xiāng)村社會和農村事務的疏離和不適感；理想化使他們耽溺于精神的“烏托邦”,而在現(xiàn)實的殘酷打擊下遭遇個體失敗和價值毀滅。另一方面則來源于賈平凹的審美觀念和創(chuàng)作局限。強烈的苦難、憂患和悲劇意識,使得他在創(chuàng)作中習慣于對失敗和殘缺的抒寫,加上哲學和理性思維不足、小農意識濃厚和缺乏獨立精神,賈平凹對知識分子形象的理解和把握很難突破自己的思維局限,他很難將知識分子導向一個更加開闊和更富可能性的未來,而只能任其陷落在生活的泥淖當中。如何重建知識分子的立足點,讓他們逃離生存困境,爭取到自身合理性價值,本文也將從重建知識、道德和信心三方面進行探討。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China's political, economic, social and ideological fields have undergone drastic changes, and various pains in the period of social transformation have spread to everyone, especially intellectuals. Faced with the social reality of commodity doctrine, materialistic desire, belief collapse and diversity of values, intellectuals are at a loss to adapt and fall into the quagmire of survival. Taking the image of intellectuals in Jia Pingao's novels since the 1980s as an example, through the observation of their living state and mental outlook, it is found that they are generally faced with spiritual drift and failure in their career. The existence dilemma and spiritual crisis with nowhere to bear on emotion also produce strong emptiness, confusion and perplexity. The reasons for these difficulties, on the one hand, come from the intellectuals themselves. The specialization causes them to immerse in the full-time ivory tower, disconnects with the real life, no longer has the social responsibility and the public concern spirit; Marginalization makes them lose their right to speak, fail frequently in their dialogue with the political and public, and make their self-worth difficult to realize, while city-dwelling causes them not to return to their hometown, resulting in a sense of alienation and discomfort about rural society and rural affairs. Idealization causes them to indulge in the utopia of the spirit and encounter individual failure and value destruction under the cruel attack of reality. On the other hand, it comes from Jia Pingao's aesthetic concept and creative limitations. His intense suffering, and tragic consciousness made him accustomed to writing about failure and disability, coupled with a lack of philosophical and rational thinking, a strong awareness of smallholder farmers and a lack of independence. Jia Pingao's understanding and grasp of the image of intellectuals is difficult to break through his own thinking limitations, he can hardly lead intellectuals to a more open and more likely future, and he can only let them fall into the quagmire of life. How to rebuild the foothold of intellectuals, let them escape from the predicament of existence and gain their own rational value, this paper will also discuss from the reconstruction of knowledge, morality and confidence.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I207.42
本文編號：2326777
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China's political, economic, social and ideological fields have undergone drastic changes, and various pains in the period of social transformation have spread to everyone, especially intellectuals. Faced with the social reality of commodity doctrine, materialistic desire, belief collapse and diversity of values, intellectuals are at a loss to adapt and fall into the quagmire of survival. Taking the image of intellectuals in Jia Pingao's novels since the 1980s as an example, through the observation of their living state and mental outlook, it is found that they are generally faced with spiritual drift and failure in their career. The existence dilemma and spiritual crisis with nowhere to bear on emotion also produce strong emptiness, confusion and perplexity. The reasons for these difficulties, on the one hand, come from the intellectuals themselves. The specialization causes them to immerse in the full-time ivory tower, disconnects with the real life, no longer has the social responsibility and the public concern spirit; Marginalization makes them lose their right to speak, fail frequently in their dialogue with the political and public, and make their self-worth difficult to realize, while city-dwelling causes them not to return to their hometown, resulting in a sense of alienation and discomfort about rural society and rural affairs. Idealization causes them to indulge in the utopia of the spirit and encounter individual failure and value destruction under the cruel attack of reality. On the other hand, it comes from Jia Pingao's aesthetic concept and creative limitations. His intense suffering, and tragic consciousness made him accustomed to writing about failure and disability, coupled with a lack of philosophical and rational thinking, a strong awareness of smallholder farmers and a lack of independence. Jia Pingao's understanding and grasp of the image of intellectuals is difficult to break through his own thinking limitations, he can hardly lead intellectuals to a more open and more likely future, and he can only let them fall into the quagmire of life. How to rebuild the foothold of intellectuals, let them escape from the predicament of existence and gain their own rational value, this paper will also discuss from the reconstruction of knowledge, morality and confidence.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I207.42
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相關期刊論文 前2條
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2 王富仁;梁鴻;;大眾文化視野中的學術與知識分子[J];渤海大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2008年01期
，本文編號：2326777
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