南非學(xué)前教育管理體系研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-17 12:39
【摘要】：南非是非洲大陸重要國家之一。自古以來,中南兩國互通有無、友好交往。新南非成立以來,尤其是南非加入“金磚國家組織”,兩國間政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化教育交流日益頻繁。對(duì)南非教育領(lǐng)域的研究必然會(huì)影響到兩國在教育方面的交流與合作。南非教育包括學(xué)前教育研究已經(jīng)成為國家重要研究課題。我國學(xué)者不斷關(guān)注南非教育,但是對(duì)學(xué)前教育領(lǐng)域的研究卻相對(duì)缺乏。因此,對(duì)南非學(xué)前教育的研究具有重要理論意義和學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。 在舊南非時(shí)期,歐洲殖民者入侵南非,打破了當(dāng)?shù)赝林说脑猩?但客觀上也帶來先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)方式和教育理念。自二十世紀(jì)以來,受英國殖民統(tǒng)治的影響,南非承繼了英國教育體系。1948年以后,政府通過各種法規(guī)和政策,將種族隔離制度合法化和制度化。在這些現(xiàn)實(shí)因素影響下,南非黑人和白人在生活和文化教育方方面面實(shí)行“隔離”,主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：在管理機(jī)構(gòu)上,為不同種族設(shè)置不同的教育管理機(jī)構(gòu)。教學(xué)內(nèi)容和教學(xué)方式也存在顯著差異,白人兒童享有豐富的教育資源和優(yōu)質(zhì)的教學(xué)環(huán)境。而只有少數(shù)黑人兒童有機(jī)會(huì)接受學(xué)前教育,其目的也是以服務(wù)白人為宗旨。學(xué)前教育在種族隔離制度的影響下緩慢發(fā)展。 1994年,南非成立民主共和國,標(biāo)志著種族隔離制度廢除。南非教育迎來嶄新的發(fā)展時(shí)期。在學(xué)前教育領(lǐng)域,對(duì)學(xué)前教育的管理體系進(jìn)行深入探究主要體現(xiàn)在一下幾個(gè)方面：在學(xué)前教育的性質(zhì)和功能定位上,南非學(xué)前教育被作為是終身教育的起點(diǎn),人生的奠基階段,兒童尤其是處境不利兒童生存和發(fā)展保障,消除種族歧視影響,實(shí)現(xiàn)教育公平,促進(jìn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的有效手段；在辦學(xué)體制上,確立了以學(xué)前教育階段為起點(diǎn)的,包括小學(xué)、中學(xué)、大學(xué)和研究生的教育體系,設(shè)立各種學(xué)前教育不同類型服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)滿足兒童需求；在管理體制上,南非形成了以政府為主導(dǎo),地方自治,多部門共同合作管理學(xué)前教育事業(yè)的模式。探究了不同部門與部門間的具體職能和相互關(guān)系；在師資建設(shè)上,在了解幼兒教師現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)上,梳理與教師相關(guān)的管理政策和機(jī)構(gòu),探究教師資格認(rèn)證體系。 在充分研究基礎(chǔ)上,歸納南非學(xué)前教育管理體系的主要特征,分析其面臨的困境與挑戰(zhàn),并預(yù)測學(xué)前教育發(fā)展趨勢。最后,結(jié)合我國實(shí)際情況,探討南非學(xué)前教育管理體系建設(shè)對(duì)我國學(xué)前教育的啟示,主要包括以下兒個(gè)方面：學(xué)前教育發(fā)展必須立足本國國情；加快學(xué)前教育立法,保障學(xué)前教育事業(yè)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展；堅(jiān)持教育公平,努力保障學(xué)前教育質(zhì)量；加大國家財(cái)政支持力度；不斷加強(qiáng)幼兒教師教育管理,努力提高教師質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:South Africa is one of the most important countries on the African continent. Since ancient times, China and South Africa have had mutual needs and friendly exchanges. Since the founding of the new South Africa, especially since South Africa joined the BRICS, the political, economic, cultural and educational exchanges between the two countries have become increasingly frequent. The research on South African education will inevitably affect the exchange and cooperation between the two countries in the field of education. South African education including preschool education research has become an important national research topic. Chinese scholars pay more and more attention to education in South Africa, but the research on preschool education is relatively lacking. Therefore, the study of preschool education in South Africa has important theoretical significance and academic value. In the period of old South Africa, European colonists invaded South Africa, which broke the original life of the native people, but also brought advanced production methods and educational ideas objectively. Since the twentieth century, South Africa has inherited the British education system under the influence of British colonial rule. After 1948, the government adopted various laws and policies to legalize and institutionalize apartheid. Under the influence of these realistic factors, black and white people in South Africa are "segregated" in all aspects of life, culture and education, mainly in the following aspects: in governing institutions, different educational management institutions are set up for different races. There are also significant differences in teaching contents and teaching methods. White children enjoy rich educational resources and excellent teaching environment. Only a small number of black children have access to preschool education, with the aim of serving whites. Pre-school education grew slowly under the influence of apartheid. In 1994, South Africa established a democratic republic, marking the abolition of apartheid. Education in South Africa ushered in a new period of development. In the field of preschool education, the management system of preschool education is deeply explored in the following aspects: in terms of the nature and function of preschool education, preschool education in South Africa is regarded as the starting point of lifelong education and the foundation stage of life. Effective means to ensure the survival and development of children, in particular disadvantaged children, to eliminate the effects of racial discrimination, to achieve equity in education and to promote social stability; in the school system, those starting from the pre-school level, including primary and secondary schools, have been established, The university and postgraduate education systems, the establishment of various types of pre-school education services to meet the needs of children; in the management system, South Africa has formed a government-led, local autonomy, The mode of multi-department cooperation in the management of preschool education. It explores the specific functions and relationships between different departments and departments. On the basis of teachers' construction and understanding of the current situation of preschool teachers, it combs the management policies and institutions related to teachers, and probes into the system of teacher qualification certification. On the basis of full research, this paper summarizes the main features of the preschool education management system in South Africa, analyzes the difficulties and challenges it faces, and forecasts the development trend of preschool education. Finally, according to the actual situation of our country, this paper discusses the enlightenment of the construction of the management system of preschool education in South Africa to our preschool education, mainly including the following aspects: the development of preschool education must be based on the national conditions of our country, the legislation of preschool education should be accelerated, We should ensure the healthy and sustainable development of preschool education, insist on the equity of education, strive to guarantee the quality of preschool education, increase the state financial support, and constantly strengthen the management of preschool teachers' education, and strive to improve the quality of teachers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G619.1
本文編號(hào)：2276687
[Abstract]:South Africa is one of the most important countries on the African continent. Since ancient times, China and South Africa have had mutual needs and friendly exchanges. Since the founding of the new South Africa, especially since South Africa joined the BRICS, the political, economic, cultural and educational exchanges between the two countries have become increasingly frequent. The research on South African education will inevitably affect the exchange and cooperation between the two countries in the field of education. South African education including preschool education research has become an important national research topic. Chinese scholars pay more and more attention to education in South Africa, but the research on preschool education is relatively lacking. Therefore, the study of preschool education in South Africa has important theoretical significance and academic value. In the period of old South Africa, European colonists invaded South Africa, which broke the original life of the native people, but also brought advanced production methods and educational ideas objectively. Since the twentieth century, South Africa has inherited the British education system under the influence of British colonial rule. After 1948, the government adopted various laws and policies to legalize and institutionalize apartheid. Under the influence of these realistic factors, black and white people in South Africa are "segregated" in all aspects of life, culture and education, mainly in the following aspects: in governing institutions, different educational management institutions are set up for different races. There are also significant differences in teaching contents and teaching methods. White children enjoy rich educational resources and excellent teaching environment. Only a small number of black children have access to preschool education, with the aim of serving whites. Pre-school education grew slowly under the influence of apartheid. In 1994, South Africa established a democratic republic, marking the abolition of apartheid. Education in South Africa ushered in a new period of development. In the field of preschool education, the management system of preschool education is deeply explored in the following aspects: in terms of the nature and function of preschool education, preschool education in South Africa is regarded as the starting point of lifelong education and the foundation stage of life. Effective means to ensure the survival and development of children, in particular disadvantaged children, to eliminate the effects of racial discrimination, to achieve equity in education and to promote social stability; in the school system, those starting from the pre-school level, including primary and secondary schools, have been established, The university and postgraduate education systems, the establishment of various types of pre-school education services to meet the needs of children; in the management system, South Africa has formed a government-led, local autonomy, The mode of multi-department cooperation in the management of preschool education. It explores the specific functions and relationships between different departments and departments. On the basis of teachers' construction and understanding of the current situation of preschool teachers, it combs the management policies and institutions related to teachers, and probes into the system of teacher qualification certification. On the basis of full research, this paper summarizes the main features of the preschool education management system in South Africa, analyzes the difficulties and challenges it faces, and forecasts the development trend of preschool education. Finally, according to the actual situation of our country, this paper discusses the enlightenment of the construction of the management system of preschool education in South Africa to our preschool education, mainly including the following aspects: the development of preschool education must be based on the national conditions of our country, the legislation of preschool education should be accelerated, We should ensure the healthy and sustainable development of preschool education, insist on the equity of education, strive to guarantee the quality of preschool education, increase the state financial support, and constantly strengthen the management of preschool teachers' education, and strive to improve the quality of teachers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G619.1
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