【摘要】：晉宋易代之際，是中國(guó)歷史上最黑暗、最動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)代之一，皇權(quán)的頻繁更替，致使戰(zhàn)亂頻繁，無論政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化都遭遇了重置，死亡的氣息籠罩在士人的心頭，對(duì)生命的高度關(guān)注成為這一時(shí)期的社會(huì)主要思潮。陶淵明作為東晉詩(shī)壇的一顆耀眼的明星，同時(shí)作為中國(guó)文學(xué)史上的重要人物，以其卓越的詩(shī)文成就和高尚的人格修養(yǎng)，為歷代士人所敬仰。作為時(shí)代孕育出來的杰出詩(shī)人，陶淵明亦沒有脫離時(shí)代的思潮，在他的詩(shī)文中充斥著大量的關(guān)于生命的思考，與漢末魏晉以來的“人的覺醒”后形成的對(duì)自身關(guān)注一脈相承，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了發(fā)展與升華。 文章共分為三部分，第一部分回顧了漢末“人的覺醒”以來，各個(gè)時(shí)期具有代表性的生命意識(shí)，即漢末以《古詩(shī)十九首》為代表的及時(shí)行樂的“人同有是情”。建安時(shí)期，連年的戰(zhàn)亂為士人提供了建功立業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)，激發(fā)了他們積極進(jìn)取的強(qiáng)烈意愿。正始時(shí)期，由于司馬氏在政治上大肆誅殺異己，在這種黑暗的政治背景下，士人建功立業(yè)的希冀破滅，代之以濃重的憂生之嗟。第二部分主要分析了陶淵明詩(shī)文中呈現(xiàn)出來的生命意識(shí)，具體為：渴求立功以實(shí)現(xiàn)人生不朽的傳統(tǒng)儒家濟(jì)世思想；追隨自己的本性，退居田園之中，安享生命的樂趣；遵從大化，應(yīng)盡須盡的委運(yùn)乘化觀。第三部分，主要分析陶淵明生命意識(shí)形成的原因，即儒家文化與家族氛圍之影響，現(xiàn)實(shí)政治環(huán)境及其宦游經(jīng)歷，，老莊玄學(xué)思想的影響及其本性。
[Abstract]:At the time of the Jin and Song dynasties, it was one of the darkest and most turbulent times in the history of China. The frequent turnover of imperial power resulted in frequent wars, political, economic and cultural resets, and the smell of death enveloped the minds of the scholars. High attention to life has become the main trend of social thought in this period. Tao Yuanming, as a dazzling star in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and an important figure in the history of Chinese literature, has been admired by scholars of all dynasties for his outstanding achievements in poetry and his noble personality. As an outstanding poet bred by the times, Tao Yuanming did not break away from the trend of thought of the times, and his poems were filled with a lot of thoughts about life, which were in line with the concern of himself formed after the awakening of people in the late Han Dynasty, the Wei and the Jin dynasties, the end of the Han Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty. And it has been developed and sublimated. The article is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the representative consciousness of life in every period since the end of Han Dynasty. During the Jian'an period, the successive years of war provided the scholars with the opportunity of making contributions and inspiring their strong will to make progress. In the early period, due to Sima's political wantonly killing, in such a dark political background, the scholars' hopes of establishing merit were shattered and replaced by a heavy worry about birth. The second part mainly analyzes the consciousness of life in Tao Yuanming's poems, which includes: the traditional Confucian thought of helping the world, which is eager to perform meritorious service in order to realize the immortality of life, to follow his own nature, to retreat into idyllic garden, and to enjoy the pleasure of life. Comply with Dahua, should do everything necessary to the concept of transport. The third part mainly analyzes the causes of Tao Yuanming's life consciousness, that is, the influence of Confucian culture and family atmosphere, the realistic political environment and its official travel experience, the influence and nature of Laozhuang metaphysics thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I207.22

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