后藤新平與臺灣警保體制的建立述論（1898-1906）
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-10 12:28
【摘要】：日據(jù)初期,面對全島激烈的武裝反日斗爭運動,臺灣總督府統(tǒng)治不力,日本對臺殖民統(tǒng)治陷入危機,“賣臺”之議盛行。后藤新平就任臺灣總督府民政長官后,在臺灣建立了完善的警保體制,穩(wěn)定了臺灣的社會秩序,也為日本的殖民統(tǒng)治奠定了基礎。本文搜集了亞洲歷史資料中心的國立公文書館、外務省外交史料館、防衛(wèi)省防衛(wèi)研究所的相關(guān)檔案,查閱了臺灣總督府公文類纂的相關(guān)資料,通過文獻分析和跨學科的研究方法,介紹了后藤新平的主要經(jīng)歷和統(tǒng)治原理,分析了后藤新平的權(quán)力來源,再現(xiàn)了其在臺灣建立警保體制的過程,概括了警保體制的主要內(nèi)容,評析了警保體制的建立對日本在臺灣殖民統(tǒng)治的作用與效果。本文第一部分介紹了后藤新平擔任臺灣總督府民政長官前的主要生平,探討對其產(chǎn)生深刻影響的經(jīng)歷。敘述了后藤新平成為臺灣殖民地的實際掌權(quán)者的過程和原因,從法理、制度、個人因素等方面分析了后藤治臺的權(quán)力來源。還對后藤新平政治理念的形成過程,以及他執(zhí)政的指導思想——“生物學統(tǒng)治法”進行了詳細的介紹。后藤新平在“生物學統(tǒng)治法”的指導下,主張采用不同于其他國家的殖民政策,推行適合臺灣當?shù)氐闹趁裾摺Ｋ珜г谂_灣開展大規(guī)模的“舊慣”調(diào)查,通過這些調(diào)查掌握臺灣的風土民俗,從而制定因地制宜的殖民政策,警保體制就是在這樣的基礎上建立起來的。第二部分論述了后藤新平主導建立的臺灣警察政治,首先對日據(jù)初期臺灣警察的沿革進行了論述,其次從制度建立、警察任用、警察職權(quán)等方面對后藤新平時期臺灣的警察政治進行了梳理,最后從正反兩方面評價了臺灣的警察政治。后藤新平從日本內(nèi)地調(diào)遣大量的警察赴臺,企圖在臺灣建立警察政治,打造“警察王國”。他通過對地方行政和官制的改革,將警察滲透到行政系統(tǒng)的各個角落,使警察成為臺灣行政的直接實踐者。同時,后藤擴大警察的規(guī)模,提升警察的質(zhì)量,從而強化警察力量,最大限度地發(fā)揮警察政治的效能。第三部分論述了后藤新平在臺灣建立的保甲制度,首先追溯了臺灣保甲制度的歷史起源,其次從制度建立、組織構(gòu)架、保甲會議、保甲壯丁團、地方士紳的作用等角度分析了后藤新平在臺灣建立的保甲制度,最后從多角度對后藤的保甲制度進行了評價。后藤新平通過完善的保甲組織架構(gòu),將臺灣人圈定在保甲組織中,并且在警察的監(jiān)督和指導下,組織保甲會議,建立保甲壯丁團,使臺灣人相互監(jiān)督和監(jiān)視。此外,后藤還利用地方士紳,通過他們?yōu)橹趁裾呓ㄑ垣I策,保證整個制度的運作。第四部分從政治、經(jīng)濟、社會以及對后藤本人的影響等方面,評估了警保體制的實施效果及影響。后藤新平將警察政治和保甲制度相結(jié)合,滲透到臺灣的社會基層,掌控地方行政,建立起嚴密的警保體制,這對于穩(wěn)定臺灣殖民地的統(tǒng)治秩序,鞏固日本的殖民利益起到了積極的作用。殖民者利用警保體制,命令臺灣人投入到資源開發(fā)和公共建設中,為攫取臺灣的資源、扶持日本本國經(jīng)濟奠定了基礎,客觀上也促進了臺灣的發(fā)展。但是,警保體制強化了臺灣的社會分層,凸顯了臺灣的社會矛盾,為后來的殖民統(tǒng)治埋下了隱患。無論如何,警保體制成為了后藤新平的一大政績,對穩(wěn)定日本的殖民統(tǒng)治功不可沒,這對他本人后來的發(fā)展也起到了積極的作用。警保體制奠定了日本在臺殖民統(tǒng)治的基礎,對于維護日本的殖民統(tǒng)治意義重大。但是這一體制為臺灣人民帶來了深切的痛苦和災難,使其喪失了為人的自主性,在臺灣的歷史上造成了不能磨滅的裂痕。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the Japanese occupation, faced with the fierce armed anti-Japanese struggle on the island, Taiwan's Governor's Palace was not well governed, and Japan's colonial rule to Taiwan was in crisis. After taking office as Chief Civil Affairs Officer of Taiwan's Governor's Palace, Suito Xinping established a perfect police protection system in Taiwan, stabilized Taiwan's social order and laid a foundation for Japan's colonial rule. This paper collects the archives of the National Archives of the Asian History Information Center, the Foreign Ministry's Foreign Affairs History Archives and the Defense Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence, consults the relevant documents compiled by Taiwan's Governor's Office, introduces the main experiences and ruling principles of Suito Shinping through literature analysis and interdisciplinary research methods, and analyzes them. The power source of Hiromoto Suito reproduces the process of establishing the police security system in Taiwan, summarizes the main contents of the police security system, and evaluates the effect of the establishment of the police security system on the colonial rule of Japan in Taiwan. The first part of this paper introduces the main life of Hiromoto Suito before he assumed the post of Chief Civil Affairs Officer of Taiwan Governor-General, and discusses his production. This paper describes the process and reason why Hiroyuki Suito became the actual ruler of Taiwan's colonies, analyzes the power source of Hiroyuki Suito from the aspects of jurisprudence, system, and personal factors, and elaborates on the formation process of Hiroyuki Suito's political ideas and his ruling guiding ideology - "Biological Ruling Law". Under the guidance of the Biological Rule Law, Koto Shinping advocates adopting different colonial policies from those of other countries and pursuing colonial policies suitable for Taiwan. He advocates conducting large-scale "old habits" surveys in Taiwan, through which he can grasp Taiwan's local customs and customs, and thus formulate colonial policies according to local conditions. The second part discusses the police politics of Taiwan established under the leadership of Suito Xinping. Firstly, the evolution of Taiwan's police in the early days of the Japanese occupation is discussed. Secondly, the police politics of Taiwan in Suito Xinping's peacetime is sorted out from the aspects of system establishment, police appointment and police authority. This paper evaluates Taiwan's police politics from both positive and negative perspectives.Suito Xinping dispatched a large number of police officers from the mainland of Japan to Taiwan in an attempt to establish police politics and build a "police kingdom" in Taiwan.He penetrated the police into all corners of the administrative system through the reform of local administration and bureaucracy and made the police become the direct practitioners of Taiwan's administration. At the same time, Kondo enlarges the scale of the police, improves the quality of the police, strengthens the police force, and maximizes the effectiveness of police politics. The third part discusses the system of Baojia established by Kondo Xinping in Taiwan. First, it traces the historical origin of the system of Baojia in Taiwan. Secondly, from the establishment of the system, organizational framework, Baojia conference, Baojia Zhuang Ding. The regiment and the role of local gentry analyzed the Baojia system established by Suito Xinping in Taiwan, and finally evaluated the Baojia system of Suito from various angles. In addition, the local gentry were used to advise and advise the colonial policy to ensure the operation of the whole system. The fourth part assessed the implementation effect and influence of the police protection system from the political, economic, social and personal aspects. The combination of the A-system penetrated the grass-roots level of Taiwan society, controlled local administration and established a strict police protection system, which played a positive role in stabilizing the ruling order of the Taiwan colonies and consolidating the colonial interests of Japan. However, the police security system strengthened Taiwan's social stratification, highlighted Taiwan's social contradictions, and laid a hidden danger for the later colonial rule. In any case, the police security system became a major achievement of Hirohito Suito, and helped stabilize Japan's colonial rule. The police protection system laid the foundation for Japan's colonial rule in Taiwan and was of great significance to the maintenance of Japan's colonial rule. However, this system brought deep pain and disaster to the people of Taiwan, and made them lose their autonomy as human beings and made them in the history of Taiwan. It has become an indelible crack.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K252
本文編號：2234445
[Abstract]:In the early days of the Japanese occupation, faced with the fierce armed anti-Japanese struggle on the island, Taiwan's Governor's Palace was not well governed, and Japan's colonial rule to Taiwan was in crisis. After taking office as Chief Civil Affairs Officer of Taiwan's Governor's Palace, Suito Xinping established a perfect police protection system in Taiwan, stabilized Taiwan's social order and laid a foundation for Japan's colonial rule. This paper collects the archives of the National Archives of the Asian History Information Center, the Foreign Ministry's Foreign Affairs History Archives and the Defense Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence, consults the relevant documents compiled by Taiwan's Governor's Office, introduces the main experiences and ruling principles of Suito Shinping through literature analysis and interdisciplinary research methods, and analyzes them. The power source of Hiromoto Suito reproduces the process of establishing the police security system in Taiwan, summarizes the main contents of the police security system, and evaluates the effect of the establishment of the police security system on the colonial rule of Japan in Taiwan. The first part of this paper introduces the main life of Hiromoto Suito before he assumed the post of Chief Civil Affairs Officer of Taiwan Governor-General, and discusses his production. This paper describes the process and reason why Hiroyuki Suito became the actual ruler of Taiwan's colonies, analyzes the power source of Hiroyuki Suito from the aspects of jurisprudence, system, and personal factors, and elaborates on the formation process of Hiroyuki Suito's political ideas and his ruling guiding ideology - "Biological Ruling Law". Under the guidance of the Biological Rule Law, Koto Shinping advocates adopting different colonial policies from those of other countries and pursuing colonial policies suitable for Taiwan. He advocates conducting large-scale "old habits" surveys in Taiwan, through which he can grasp Taiwan's local customs and customs, and thus formulate colonial policies according to local conditions. The second part discusses the police politics of Taiwan established under the leadership of Suito Xinping. Firstly, the evolution of Taiwan's police in the early days of the Japanese occupation is discussed. Secondly, the police politics of Taiwan in Suito Xinping's peacetime is sorted out from the aspects of system establishment, police appointment and police authority. This paper evaluates Taiwan's police politics from both positive and negative perspectives.Suito Xinping dispatched a large number of police officers from the mainland of Japan to Taiwan in an attempt to establish police politics and build a "police kingdom" in Taiwan.He penetrated the police into all corners of the administrative system through the reform of local administration and bureaucracy and made the police become the direct practitioners of Taiwan's administration. At the same time, Kondo enlarges the scale of the police, improves the quality of the police, strengthens the police force, and maximizes the effectiveness of police politics. The third part discusses the system of Baojia established by Kondo Xinping in Taiwan. First, it traces the historical origin of the system of Baojia in Taiwan. Secondly, from the establishment of the system, organizational framework, Baojia conference, Baojia Zhuang Ding. The regiment and the role of local gentry analyzed the Baojia system established by Suito Xinping in Taiwan, and finally evaluated the Baojia system of Suito from various angles. In addition, the local gentry were used to advise and advise the colonial policy to ensure the operation of the whole system. The fourth part assessed the implementation effect and influence of the police protection system from the political, economic, social and personal aspects. The combination of the A-system penetrated the grass-roots level of Taiwan society, controlled local administration and established a strict police protection system, which played a positive role in stabilizing the ruling order of the Taiwan colonies and consolidating the colonial interests of Japan. However, the police security system strengthened Taiwan's social stratification, highlighted Taiwan's social contradictions, and laid a hidden danger for the later colonial rule. In any case, the police security system became a major achievement of Hirohito Suito, and helped stabilize Japan's colonial rule. The police protection system laid the foundation for Japan's colonial rule in Taiwan and was of great significance to the maintenance of Japan's colonial rule. However, this system brought deep pain and disaster to the people of Taiwan, and made them lose their autonomy as human beings and made them in the history of Taiwan. It has become an indelible crack.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：K252
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