【摘要】：大唐帝國政治穩(wěn)定開明,經(jīng)濟繁榮發(fā)達,民族間的文化交流頻繁,為樂舞的發(fā)展提供了豐厚的土壤,其宗廟祭祀活動的雅樂和新創(chuàng)作的堂上坐部伎和堂下立部伎,陽剛的健舞,陰柔的軟舞以及踏歌都極為盛行。樂舞在唐代國家政治生活、宗教活動、社會交往和文化交流中發(fā)揮了重要的作用,成為從宮廷到市井,從皇帝貴戚、文人士大夫到普通百姓日常生活中重要的情感表達和娛樂方式,發(fā)揮了其他藝術不能替代的審美和文化功能。對于唐代樂舞的審美功能,本文主要從以下四個方面加以探討：首先,“樂與政通”,樂舞反映著一個國家的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等各個方面,因此,“樂”是古代政治活動中的重要因素。唐朝在前代的基礎上繼承和發(fā)展了禮樂制度,制定了“大唐雅樂”,用于宗廟祭祀,朝會大典等場合。唐代帝王經(jīng)常用文舞和武舞來歌功頌德,通過賞賜朝臣音樂來籠絡人心達到治政目的。唐朝各種典禮中樂器、樂人的使用情況有嚴格規(guī)定,以顯示其皇家的威嚴,至高無上的權力,鞏固其政治統(tǒng)治。同時,樂舞以其審美和道德內涵也發(fā)揮了凈化人心、移風易俗,即禮樂教化的作用。其次,宗教與藝術在精神目標上多有相通,唐代樂舞對于佛教和道教精神內核的傳播發(fā)揮了重要作用。各個宗教活動中都有自己的樂舞,有些舞蹈本身就具有宗教性,唐代樂舞重要的審美功能就是參與宗教活動,傳播宗教的教義,用動人心魄的藝術形式激發(fā)虔誠、莊敬、神圣、美妙的宗教體驗,表達宗教天上人間幻化的意境。再次,唐人對樂舞功能的看法發(fā)生了很大的變化,他們打破了傳統(tǒng)儒家樂與政通的觀念,樂舞藝術的政治功能逐漸弱化,而審美娛樂功能更加凸顯。唐代樂舞審美欣賞和娛樂的功能大大增強,這也激發(fā)了唐人的藝術創(chuàng)造力。這個時期出現(xiàn)的各種歌舞大曲作品,都具有較強的群眾性和娛樂性,成為普通人日常生活中傳情達意的重要手段和市井鄉(xiāng)村節(jié)慶民俗中不可或缺的表演形式。最后,樂舞藝術的審美享受不分民族、地域,雖然各民族間語言和生活習慣有很大的差異,但是對樂舞藝術的欣賞具有共性,是相互融通的。因此,唐代樂舞成為西域文化向中原傳播的橋梁,它也在向域外的傳播中成為各民族間文化交流融合的重要載體。在現(xiàn)代與后現(xiàn)代交織的今天,人們希望優(yōu)秀的藝術在我們生活中發(fā)揮重要的作用,研究唐代樂舞的審美與文化功能,對于我們今天探討藝術的功能具有一定的理論價值和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:The political stability of the Tang Dynasty was stable and enlightened, the economy was prosperous and developed, and the cultural exchanges among nationalities were frequent, which provided a rich soil for the development of music and dance. Soft and soft dances and treads are very popular. Music and dance played an important role in national political life, religious activities, social exchanges and cultural exchanges in the Tang Dynasty. Literati and officials to ordinary people in the daily life of the important emotional expression and entertainment, played other arts can not be replaced by the aesthetic and cultural functions. The aesthetic function of music and dance in Tang Dynasty is mainly discussed from the following four aspects: firstly, "Music and political communication", music and dance reflect the political, economic, cultural and other aspects of a country, so, Music is an important factor in ancient political activities. The Tang Dynasty inherited and developed the system of rites and music on the basis of the previous dynasties. Tang Dynasty emperors often use literary dance and martial arts dance to sing praise, through giving courtiers music to win over the people to achieve the goal of governance. The use of musical instruments and musicians in various ceremonies of the Tang Dynasty was strictly regulated to show the majesty and supremacy of the royal family and to consolidate its political rule. At the same time, music and dance with its aesthetic and moral connotations also play a role in purifying people and changing customs, that is, ritual and music education. Secondly, religion and art have the same spirit goal, Tang Dynasty music and dance played an important role in the spread of the spiritual core of Buddhism and Taoism. Each religious activity has its own music and dance, some of which are religious in nature. The important aesthetic function of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty is to participate in religious activities, spread religious teachings, and inspire piety, reverence, sacredness with moving art forms. Wonderful religious experience, expressing the spiritual conception of religion. Thirdly, the views of the Tang people on the function of music and dance have changed greatly. They have broken the traditional Confucian concept of music and politics, the political function of music and dance art has gradually weakened, and the function of aesthetic entertainment has become more prominent. Tang Dynasty music and dance aesthetic appreciation and entertainment function greatly enhanced, which also inspired the artistic creativity of Tang people. All kinds of songs and dances in this period have strong mass and entertainment, and become an important means of conveying feelings in ordinary people's daily life and an indispensable form of performance in the folk customs of city and village festivals. Finally, the aesthetic enjoyment of music and dance art regardless of nationality, region, although there are great differences in language and living habits among different nationalities, but the appreciation of music and dance art has a common character and is mutually compatible. Therefore, the music and dance of Tang Dynasty became the bridge between the Western region culture and the Central Plains, and it also became the important carrier of the cultural exchange and fusion among the ethnic groups. Today, when modern and post-modern are intertwined, people hope that outstanding art will play an important role in our life and study the aesthetic and cultural functions of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty. For us to explore the function of art today has a certain theoretical value and practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：J722.4

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