西部民族地區(qū)地方政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件能力建設(shè)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-20 19:53
【摘要】：群體性事件是人類社會(huì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的必然和普遍現(xiàn)象。作為一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,群體性事件產(chǎn)生的根源與一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的社會(huì)形態(tài)、發(fā)展階段、政治制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和社會(huì)心理等眾多因索密切相關(guān)。 西部民族地區(qū)作為我國(guó)特殊的地方行政區(qū)域,不僅地理位置特殊,而且是我國(guó)少數(shù)民族主要集聚地區(qū)。改革開(kāi)放的推進(jìn)和西部大開(kāi)發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,使我國(guó)西部民族地區(qū)進(jìn)入了前所未有的快速發(fā)展階段。隨著市場(chǎng)化程度的提高,西部民族地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。這種巨大的變化,一方面,為我國(guó)西部民族地區(qū)政治穩(wěn)定提供了強(qiáng)有力的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)；另一方面,由于發(fā)展的不平衡,導(dǎo)致了一系列發(fā)展中的新問(wèn)題,問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn),也必然會(huì)對(duì)民族地區(qū)現(xiàn)行的政治體系、利益分配、傳統(tǒng)文化以及社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生劇烈的沖擊,甚至產(chǎn)生對(duì)抗和抗?fàn)�。特別是自2008年以來(lái),西部民族地區(qū)群體性事件頻繁發(fā)生,由此造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和政治影響極為慘痛,嚴(yán)重地影響了民族地區(qū)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展。分析近年來(lái)發(fā)生在我國(guó)西部民族地區(qū)的群體性事件,能夠清楚地看到,我國(guó)西部民族地區(qū)的群體性事件,其作用根源,既有各民族社會(huì)發(fā)展不平衡的基本問(wèn)題,也有涉及文化、宗教社會(huì)生活等方面的多種問(wèn)題,同時(shí)也存在“三股勢(shì)力”的問(wèn)題,觀察這些問(wèn)題也必然涉及中國(guó)解決民族問(wèn)題的基本政策和實(shí)踐效果。在這方面,國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)學(xué)界的關(guān)注程度可謂與日俱增。但是,在研究包括民族問(wèn)題在內(nèi)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題時(shí),必須從西部民族地區(qū)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況出發(fā),把握當(dāng)代中國(guó)社會(huì)的基本矛盾。 中國(guó)將長(zhǎng)期處于社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段,由社會(huì)基本矛盾所決定或影響的包括民族問(wèn)題在內(nèi)的所有社會(huì)問(wèn)題的解決程度,不可能與先進(jìn)的制度設(shè)計(jì)、理想的政策目標(biāo)完全契合。在解決發(fā)生在西部民族地區(qū)的群體性事件的實(shí)踐中,完善制度,充實(shí)政策,是充分發(fā)揮制度優(yōu)勢(shì)和政策效能的必由之路。以具體問(wèn)題為出發(fā)點(diǎn),把辯證地提出問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題當(dāng)作唯一正確的提問(wèn)方法,是處理問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。因此,在這種現(xiàn)實(shí)情況下,如何科學(xué)地預(yù)防和妥善處理群體性事件,成為西部民族地區(qū)地方政府亟需解決的問(wèn)題。作為社會(huì)管理重要主體之一的我國(guó)西部民族地區(qū)的地方政府,其應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的能力如何,直接影響到社會(huì)的和諧和穩(wěn)定,關(guān)系到社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步。 政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的能力是指政府在危機(jī)觀念和危機(jī)意識(shí)的指導(dǎo)下,對(duì)可能發(fā)生,或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的群體性事件進(jìn)行有效預(yù)測(cè)、識(shí)別、控制、協(xié)調(diào)處理的特質(zhì)和效力。它由多種要素構(gòu)成,貫穿于政府應(yīng)急管理的事前、事中、事后各個(gè)階段,是保證政府能有效應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的主體條件。從近年來(lái)發(fā)生在我國(guó)西部民族地區(qū)的群體性事件的處理情況來(lái)看,西部民族地區(qū)地方政府危機(jī)管理及應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的能力還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的要求,主要表現(xiàn)為：前瞻決策能力不強(qiáng),組織機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置還不夠合理,預(yù)警意識(shí)和能力還較弱,控制能力和果斷處理能力不足,善后能力水甲亦較低。這些能力缺陷的存在既是由于政府行為受制于環(huán)境、體制機(jī)制等因素,也有政府機(jī)構(gòu)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者自身的原因。如何提高西部民族地區(qū)地方政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的能力,構(gòu)成了本研究的核心問(wèn)題。 關(guān)于地方政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的能力這一問(wèn)題,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者已在多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,通過(guò)多種視角進(jìn)行了相關(guān)或相近的研究,并形成了較為系統(tǒng)的研究成果,主要包括政府危機(jī)管理能力理論、社會(huì)沖突理論、治理理論等。這些理論對(duì)探討群體性事件的本質(zhì)、政府危機(jī)管理以及如何提升地方政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的能力均具有指導(dǎo)性的意義,故藉以作為本研究的理論支撐。而從現(xiàn)實(shí)因素看,我國(guó)西部民族地區(qū)群體性事件的頻繁發(fā)生,與我國(guó)現(xiàn)今的政治影響因素、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、社會(huì)發(fā)展程度和文化傳統(tǒng)等方面的地區(qū)差異分不開(kāi)。因此,分析現(xiàn)階段西部民族地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、宗教、民族關(guān)系、社會(huì)發(fā)展中存在的矛盾與問(wèn)題,分析發(fā)生在西部民族地區(qū)具有“標(biāo)本性”的典型事件,并依據(jù)這些事件發(fā)生的不同情景及事件演進(jìn)的不同階段,把握政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件須具備的能力系統(tǒng)及系統(tǒng)中各要素,同時(shí)基于實(shí)證研究,客觀評(píng)價(jià)西部民族地區(qū)地方政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件的能力現(xiàn)狀及存在的差距,亦成為論證過(guò)程中不可或缺的邏輯環(huán)節(jié)。 由此,西部民族地區(qū)地方政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件能力水平的提高,必須擺脫“就事論事”的邏輯思維。必須清楚地意識(shí)到,能力水平的提高,不是“頭痛醫(yī)頭”、“腳痛醫(yī)腳”的權(quán)宜之計(jì),而是一個(gè)全方位的系統(tǒng)工程。這一系統(tǒng)工程的建設(shè),既需要尋它山之石的借鑒,也需要本土各項(xiàng)事業(yè)的推進(jìn)以及制度、體制及機(jī)制的完善,同時(shí)需要具體路徑選擇上的合理可行；西部民族地區(qū)地方政府治理群體性事件能力的提高,不僅要從視野上拓展目前的治理范式,更應(yīng)該拓展治理理念。必須清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到：群體性事件的有效治理,其治理主體不僅包括政府,而且也包括社會(huì),只有社會(huì)與政府的精誠(chéng)合作,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)社會(huì)危機(jī)的真正治理。地方政府只有自覺(jué)地加大各相關(guān)要素的整合力度,高度重視現(xiàn)有的層出不窮的社會(huì)矛盾之根本,并逐步將矛盾的解決納入制度化、常態(tài)化的軌道,才能使其成為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的良性力量,從而在更高層面、更廣范圍上謀求地方政府應(yīng)對(duì)群體性事件能力水平的提高,促進(jìn)社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:As a social phenomenon, the causes of mass incidents are closely related to the social forms, development stages, political systems, economic conditions and social psychology of a country or region.
As a special local administrative region of our country, the western minority areas not only have special geographical position, but also are the main areas where the minority nationalities gather. With the promotion of reform and opening up and the implementation of the western development strategy, the western minority areas of our country have entered an unprecedented stage of rapid development. Great changes have taken place in regional politics, economy and culture. On the one hand, these tremendous changes have provided a strong economic foundation for political stability in the western minority areas of our country; on the other hand, the imbalance of development has led to a series of new problems in the development, and the emergence of these problems will inevitably lead to the current situation in the minority areas. The political system, the distribution of interests, the traditional culture and the social structure have exerted violent impacts, even antagonism and resistance. Especially since 2008, the mass incidents in the western minority areas have occurred frequently, resulting in extremely painful economic losses and political effects, seriously affecting the social stability of the minority areas and the local economic and social development. The analysis of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years shows clearly that the causes of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China are not only the basic problems of the unbalanced social development of various nationalities, but also many problems concerning culture, religious social life and so on. At the same time, there are "three forces". "To observe these problems will inevitably involve the basic policies and practical effects of solving ethnic problems in China. In this regard, the attention of the relevant academic circles at home and abroad is growing day by day. The basic contradiction of the meeting.
China will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and the degree of solution of all social problems, including ethnic problems, determined or influenced by the basic social contradictions will not be fully in accordance with the advanced system design and the ideal policy objectives. To enrich the policy is the only way to give full play to the advantages of the system and the effectiveness of the policy. Starting from specific problems, dialectical raising of problems and solving problems as the only correct way to ask questions are the key to deal with the problems. Therefore, under such a realistic situation, how to prevent and properly handle mass incidents scientifically has become the western ethnic group. As one of the important subjects of social management, the ability of local governments in ethnic minority areas in Western China to deal with mass incidents has a direct impact on social harmony and stability, and on the development and progress of social economy.
The government's ability to deal with mass incidents refers to the government's ability to effectively predict, identify, control and coordinate the occurrence of mass incidents under the guidance of the concept of crisis and crisis awareness. It proves that the government can effectively deal with the main conditions of mass incidents. From the handling of mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years, the ability of local governments in crisis management and dealing with mass incidents in the western minority areas is far from being able to meet the needs of the reality, mainly manifested in the following aspects: weak ability of forward-looking decision-making, group. The organizational structure is not reasonable enough, the awareness and ability of early warning is weak, the ability of control and decisive treatment is insufficient, and the ability of rehabilitation is also low. The ability of the government to deal with group incidents constitutes the core issue of this study.
As for the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents, scholars at home and abroad have conducted relevant or similar studies in many disciplines and domains from various perspectives, and formed relatively systematic research results, mainly including the theory of government crisis management ability, social conflict theory, governance theory and so on. The nature of mass incidents, government crisis management and how to enhance the ability of local governments to respond to mass incidents are of guiding significance, so as to provide theoretical support for this study. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the contradictions and problems existing in the political, economic, cultural, religious, ethnic relations and social development of the western minority areas at the present stage, and to analyze the typical incidents with "specimens" in the western minority areas according to the different feelings of these incidents. In view of the different stages of the event evolution, grasping the ability system and the elements of the system that the government must have to deal with the group events, and based on the empirical study, objectively evaluating the present situation and the existing gap of the local government's ability to deal with the group events in the western minority areas has become an indispensable logical link in the process of demonstration.
Therefore, the local governments in the western minority areas must get rid of the logical thinking of "putting things on their own" to improve their ability to deal with mass incidents. It needs not only the reference of other hills but also the promotion of local undertakings and the perfection of system, system and mechanism, as well as the reasonable and feasible choice of specific paths. The improvement of the ability of local governments in the western minority areas to govern mass incidents should not only expand the current governance paradigm from the perspective, but also expand the governance theory. We must clearly realize that the effective governance of mass incidents includes not only the government but also the society. Only by the sincere cooperation between the society and the government can the real governance of social crisis be realized. Only by institutionalizing and normalizing the solution of social contradictions, can it become a benign force to promote economic and social development, so as to improve the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents at a higher level and in a wider range, and promote the harmonious development of society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D631.43
本文編號(hào)：2194803
[Abstract]:As a social phenomenon, the causes of mass incidents are closely related to the social forms, development stages, political systems, economic conditions and social psychology of a country or region.
As a special local administrative region of our country, the western minority areas not only have special geographical position, but also are the main areas where the minority nationalities gather. With the promotion of reform and opening up and the implementation of the western development strategy, the western minority areas of our country have entered an unprecedented stage of rapid development. Great changes have taken place in regional politics, economy and culture. On the one hand, these tremendous changes have provided a strong economic foundation for political stability in the western minority areas of our country; on the other hand, the imbalance of development has led to a series of new problems in the development, and the emergence of these problems will inevitably lead to the current situation in the minority areas. The political system, the distribution of interests, the traditional culture and the social structure have exerted violent impacts, even antagonism and resistance. Especially since 2008, the mass incidents in the western minority areas have occurred frequently, resulting in extremely painful economic losses and political effects, seriously affecting the social stability of the minority areas and the local economic and social development. The analysis of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years shows clearly that the causes of the mass incidents in the western minority areas of China are not only the basic problems of the unbalanced social development of various nationalities, but also many problems concerning culture, religious social life and so on. At the same time, there are "three forces". "To observe these problems will inevitably involve the basic policies and practical effects of solving ethnic problems in China. In this regard, the attention of the relevant academic circles at home and abroad is growing day by day. The basic contradiction of the meeting.
China will be in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, and the degree of solution of all social problems, including ethnic problems, determined or influenced by the basic social contradictions will not be fully in accordance with the advanced system design and the ideal policy objectives. To enrich the policy is the only way to give full play to the advantages of the system and the effectiveness of the policy. Starting from specific problems, dialectical raising of problems and solving problems as the only correct way to ask questions are the key to deal with the problems. Therefore, under such a realistic situation, how to prevent and properly handle mass incidents scientifically has become the western ethnic group. As one of the important subjects of social management, the ability of local governments in ethnic minority areas in Western China to deal with mass incidents has a direct impact on social harmony and stability, and on the development and progress of social economy.
The government's ability to deal with mass incidents refers to the government's ability to effectively predict, identify, control and coordinate the occurrence of mass incidents under the guidance of the concept of crisis and crisis awareness. It proves that the government can effectively deal with the main conditions of mass incidents. From the handling of mass incidents in the western minority areas of China in recent years, the ability of local governments in crisis management and dealing with mass incidents in the western minority areas is far from being able to meet the needs of the reality, mainly manifested in the following aspects: weak ability of forward-looking decision-making, group. The organizational structure is not reasonable enough, the awareness and ability of early warning is weak, the ability of control and decisive treatment is insufficient, and the ability of rehabilitation is also low. The ability of the government to deal with group incidents constitutes the core issue of this study.
As for the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents, scholars at home and abroad have conducted relevant or similar studies in many disciplines and domains from various perspectives, and formed relatively systematic research results, mainly including the theory of government crisis management ability, social conflict theory, governance theory and so on. The nature of mass incidents, government crisis management and how to enhance the ability of local governments to respond to mass incidents are of guiding significance, so as to provide theoretical support for this study. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the contradictions and problems existing in the political, economic, cultural, religious, ethnic relations and social development of the western minority areas at the present stage, and to analyze the typical incidents with "specimens" in the western minority areas according to the different feelings of these incidents. In view of the different stages of the event evolution, grasping the ability system and the elements of the system that the government must have to deal with the group events, and based on the empirical study, objectively evaluating the present situation and the existing gap of the local government's ability to deal with the group events in the western minority areas has become an indispensable logical link in the process of demonstration.
Therefore, the local governments in the western minority areas must get rid of the logical thinking of "putting things on their own" to improve their ability to deal with mass incidents. It needs not only the reference of other hills but also the promotion of local undertakings and the perfection of system, system and mechanism, as well as the reasonable and feasible choice of specific paths. The improvement of the ability of local governments in the western minority areas to govern mass incidents should not only expand the current governance paradigm from the perspective, but also expand the governance theory. We must clearly realize that the effective governance of mass incidents includes not only the government but also the society. Only by the sincere cooperation between the society and the government can the real governance of social crisis be realized. Only by institutionalizing and normalizing the solution of social contradictions, can it become a benign force to promote economic and social development, so as to improve the ability of local governments to deal with mass incidents at a higher level and in a wider range, and promote the harmonious development of society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開(kāi)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D631.43
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