我國地方行政層級設(shè)置優(yōu)化研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-24 10:40
【摘要】：地方行政層級設(shè)置是現(xiàn)代國家制度建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容之一,也是地方行政管理體制的重要組成部分。自古以來,中國歷朝歷代中央政府對于地方行政均采取多層級設(shè)置,地方政府層級長期在二級與三級、虛級與實級間徘徊,古代中國地方政府的治理實踐為我們當(dāng)今優(yōu)化地方政府層級設(shè)置留下了豐富的遺產(chǎn)。到了近代,隨著資本主義民主思想的傳播,地方行政層級的設(shè)置出現(xiàn)了與以往封建時代截然不同的變革,體現(xiàn)了時代的潮流和社會的進(jìn)步。新中國成立后,中國共產(chǎn)黨建立了全國范圍的無產(chǎn)階級專政,面對新的形勢和發(fā)展目標(biāo),借鑒歷史經(jīng)驗,創(chuàng)新了我國的地方行政層級設(shè)置。放眼全球進(jìn)行橫向比較,當(dāng)今世界絕大多數(shù)國家都設(shè)有若干地方行政層級,以保證國家行政管理的有效性和穩(wěn)定性。世界各國的行政層級設(shè)置受制于各國歷史文化傳統(tǒng)、國土面積大小、交通通訊等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施狀況、人口數(shù)量及密度以及國家結(jié)構(gòu)形式、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會體制和科技發(fā)展水平等因素。但從所考察的各國地方行政層級設(shè)置情況來看,層級較少、管理幅度較大是不同與我國的重要特點,也給我國推動地方行政層級改革提供了借鑒和思路。地方行政層級改革離不開行政區(qū)劃調(diào)整,必然會增加或減少行政管轄幅度,會影響社會的方方面面和相關(guān)政區(qū)的每一個人。合理的地方行政層級設(shè)置能夠有效的降低行政成本,提高管理效率,滿足基層民眾的政治需求,對于國家實現(xiàn)善治具有重要意義。當(dāng)前,我國在地方上設(shè)置了“省—市—縣—鄉(xiāng)”四個行政管理層級,多于世界其他國家,在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會快速發(fā)展、市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的不斷深化和城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快的大背景之下,這種四級行政體制已漸漸不適應(yīng)當(dāng)前發(fā)展需要,改革當(dāng)前的層級體制已成為社會的共識。本文綜合運用了案例分析、比較分析、文獻(xiàn)資料分析、規(guī)范性與規(guī)定性等研究方法,研究了政府扁平化理論、行政區(qū)與經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)關(guān)系理論、管理層級與管理幅度關(guān)系論文和治理與善治理論對于推進(jìn)行政層級改革的指導(dǎo)性,在橫向上比較了當(dāng)今世界典型西方國家的行政層級設(shè)置與改革的狀況,分析借鑒我國目前已有的改革案例,得出了我國在推進(jìn)地方行政層級改革的總體思路、基本原則和實現(xiàn)路徑。本文的結(jié)論是,在我國目前信息化、城市化高速發(fā)展的背景下,地方政府需要充分借鑒運用現(xiàn)代管理科學(xué)技術(shù),以公共服務(wù)為導(dǎo)向轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,努力構(gòu)建扁平化的政府層級結(jié)構(gòu),減少行政層級,不斷提高行政效率,降低行政成本,滿足公民需求。為此,政府需進(jìn)行必要的分權(quán)和放權(quán),引進(jìn)企業(yè)化的理念,啟發(fā)公民意識,培育公民社會,發(fā)展社會組織等。在實現(xiàn)路徑上,省直管縣、市直管鎮(zhèn)改革都是我國地方行政層級改革的具體實踐,并將逐步成為我國地方政府行政層級體制改革的主要內(nèi)容。同時,改革中還必須注意我國國情的特殊性和歷史的傳承性。對于目前我國地方的省—市—縣—鄉(xiāng)四個行政層級,本文將改革的突破點放在市縣級和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)級,就是考慮到了我國省制存在時間較長、民眾認(rèn)可度較高等實際情況。本文通過對目前改革案例的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前我國行政層級改革的理論與實踐的焦點主要集中在省管縣改革,這是對地方廣域性政府關(guān)系改革的一個突破,但是沒有考慮到城市型政府層級優(yōu)化改革的問題。本文提出了對市級政府的管理層級進(jìn)行改革的觀點,并提供了促成這一改革的實現(xiàn)路徑,這是本文的創(chuàng)新之處。我國的行政層級體制改革事關(guān)重大,牽涉到國家和社會的方方面面,將會影響每一個角落和每個人,影響改革推進(jìn)的因素包括政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史文化、科技、地理等多個方面,這給綜合把握、駕馭分析選題帶來很大的難度。
[Abstract]:The local administrative hierarchy is one of the important contents of the modern national system construction, and also an important part of the local administrative management system. Since ancient times, the central government of the successive dynasties in China has taken multi-layer settings for the local administration, the local government level has long been in the two and three levels, the virtual level and the actual level wander, and the ancient China The governance practice of the government has left a rich heritage for us to optimize the local government level setting. In modern times, with the spread of the capitalist democratic thought, the setting of local administrative levels appeared completely different from the feudal times, reflecting the trend of the times and the progress of the society. After the founding of new China, China communism was Communist. The party has established a national dictatorship of the proletariat. Facing the new situation and development goals and drawing on the historical experience, the party has innovated the local administrative level setting of our country. In order to ensure the effectiveness and stability of the State Administration, the effectiveness and stability of the State Administration are guaranteed by the horizontal comparison of the world in the vast majority of the world. The administrative hierarchy of the country is subject to the historical and cultural traditions of each country, the size of the land, the traffic and communication and other infrastructure conditions, the population and density, the state structure, the economic and social system and the level of scientific and technological development. However, in terms of the local administrative level setting of various countries, the level of management is relatively small and the scope of management is large. It is the important characteristic of different and China, and it also provides reference and ideas for China to promote the reform of local administrative level. The reform of local administrative level can not be separated from the adjustment of administrative division. It will inevitably increase or reduce the scope of administrative jurisdiction, which will affect every aspect of the society and the people in the related areas. Reasonable local administrative hierarchy can be set up. It is of great significance to reduce the administrative cost, improve the management efficiency and meet the political needs of the grass-roots people. It is of great significance for the state to achieve good governance. At present, China has set up four administrative levels of "provincial - City - County - township", more than the other countries in the world, and the rapid economic and social development of our country and the continuous reform of the market economy system. In the background of deepening and accelerating the process of urbanization, the four level administrative system has gradually not adapted to the current development needs, and the reform of the current hierarchical system has become a common understanding of the society. This paper has applied the research methods such as case analysis, comparative analysis, literature analysis, standardization and regulation, and studied the flattening of government. The theory of the relationship between the administrative region and the economic zone, the relationship between the management level and the scope of management, and the guidance of the theory of governance and good governance on the promotion of the administrative level, the situation of the administrative level setting and reform of the typical Western countries in the world is compared horizontally, and the existing reform cases in our country are analyzed, and our country has been obtained. The conclusion is that, under the background of informatization and rapid urbanization in China, the local government needs to use modern management science and technology fully for reference and change government function oriented by public service and strive to build a flat level of government level. To reduce the administrative level, improve the administrative efficiency, reduce the administrative cost and meet the needs of the citizens. Therefore, the government needs to carry out the necessary decentralization and decentralization, introduce the concept of enterprise, enlighten citizen consciousness, cultivate civil society, develop social organization and so on. In the realization path, the Provincial direct management County, the city direct town reform are all the local administrative levels of our country. The concrete practice of the reform will gradually become the main content of the administrative hierarchy system reform of the local government in our country. At the same time, we must pay attention to the particularity of the national conditions and the heritage of the history in the reform. For the four administrative levels of the provincial, city, county and township level in our country, the breakthrough point of the reform is put on the county level and the township level. Taking into account the fact that China's provincial system has a long time and a higher degree of public recognition, this paper, through the analysis of the current reform cases, finds that the focus of the theory and practice of the administrative level reform in our country is mainly focused on the reform of provincial management and county, which is a breakthrough in the reform of local wide area government relations, but it has not been considered. To the problem of optimizing the level of urban government level, this paper puts forward the view that the management level of the municipal government is reformed, and provides the way to realize the reform. This is the innovation of this article. The administrative hierarchy system reform of our country is very important, involving all aspects of the state and society, and will affect every corner. The factors that affect the reform and promotion include the political economy, history, culture, science and technology, geography and many other aspects. This brings a lot of difficulty to the comprehensive grasp and control of the analysis and selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D630
本文編號：2141113
[Abstract]:The local administrative hierarchy is one of the important contents of the modern national system construction, and also an important part of the local administrative management system. Since ancient times, the central government of the successive dynasties in China has taken multi-layer settings for the local administration, the local government level has long been in the two and three levels, the virtual level and the actual level wander, and the ancient China The governance practice of the government has left a rich heritage for us to optimize the local government level setting. In modern times, with the spread of the capitalist democratic thought, the setting of local administrative levels appeared completely different from the feudal times, reflecting the trend of the times and the progress of the society. After the founding of new China, China communism was Communist. The party has established a national dictatorship of the proletariat. Facing the new situation and development goals and drawing on the historical experience, the party has innovated the local administrative level setting of our country. In order to ensure the effectiveness and stability of the State Administration, the effectiveness and stability of the State Administration are guaranteed by the horizontal comparison of the world in the vast majority of the world. The administrative hierarchy of the country is subject to the historical and cultural traditions of each country, the size of the land, the traffic and communication and other infrastructure conditions, the population and density, the state structure, the economic and social system and the level of scientific and technological development. However, in terms of the local administrative level setting of various countries, the level of management is relatively small and the scope of management is large. It is the important characteristic of different and China, and it also provides reference and ideas for China to promote the reform of local administrative level. The reform of local administrative level can not be separated from the adjustment of administrative division. It will inevitably increase or reduce the scope of administrative jurisdiction, which will affect every aspect of the society and the people in the related areas. Reasonable local administrative hierarchy can be set up. It is of great significance to reduce the administrative cost, improve the management efficiency and meet the political needs of the grass-roots people. It is of great significance for the state to achieve good governance. At present, China has set up four administrative levels of "provincial - City - County - township", more than the other countries in the world, and the rapid economic and social development of our country and the continuous reform of the market economy system. In the background of deepening and accelerating the process of urbanization, the four level administrative system has gradually not adapted to the current development needs, and the reform of the current hierarchical system has become a common understanding of the society. This paper has applied the research methods such as case analysis, comparative analysis, literature analysis, standardization and regulation, and studied the flattening of government. The theory of the relationship between the administrative region and the economic zone, the relationship between the management level and the scope of management, and the guidance of the theory of governance and good governance on the promotion of the administrative level, the situation of the administrative level setting and reform of the typical Western countries in the world is compared horizontally, and the existing reform cases in our country are analyzed, and our country has been obtained. The conclusion is that, under the background of informatization and rapid urbanization in China, the local government needs to use modern management science and technology fully for reference and change government function oriented by public service and strive to build a flat level of government level. To reduce the administrative level, improve the administrative efficiency, reduce the administrative cost and meet the needs of the citizens. Therefore, the government needs to carry out the necessary decentralization and decentralization, introduce the concept of enterprise, enlighten citizen consciousness, cultivate civil society, develop social organization and so on. In the realization path, the Provincial direct management County, the city direct town reform are all the local administrative levels of our country. The concrete practice of the reform will gradually become the main content of the administrative hierarchy system reform of the local government in our country. At the same time, we must pay attention to the particularity of the national conditions and the heritage of the history in the reform. For the four administrative levels of the provincial, city, county and township level in our country, the breakthrough point of the reform is put on the county level and the township level. Taking into account the fact that China's provincial system has a long time and a higher degree of public recognition, this paper, through the analysis of the current reform cases, finds that the focus of the theory and practice of the administrative level reform in our country is mainly focused on the reform of provincial management and county, which is a breakthrough in the reform of local wide area government relations, but it has not been considered. To the problem of optimizing the level of urban government level, this paper puts forward the view that the management level of the municipal government is reformed, and provides the way to realize the reform. This is the innovation of this article. The administrative hierarchy system reform of our country is very important, involving all aspects of the state and society, and will affect every corner. The factors that affect the reform and promotion include the political economy, history, culture, science and technology, geography and many other aspects. This brings a lot of difficulty to the comprehensive grasp and control of the analysis and selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D630
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