本文選題：農(nóng)地邊際化 + 土地利用��； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀90年代初以來，從東向西我國農(nóng)地利用不斷顯露出粗放利用的現(xiàn)象，例如集約度降低、農(nóng)作物播種面積減少以及復(fù)種指數(shù)降低。在2003年，我國農(nóng)業(yè)稅費降低，減輕了農(nóng)民的負擔(dān)，直至2006年我國農(nóng)業(yè)稅的取消，都能夠在一定程度上提高中西部地區(qū)的農(nóng)地集約度。為了揭示農(nóng)地利用發(fā)生的這些變化的規(guī)律，，文本從土地利用/土地覆被變化研究角度，采用經(jīng)濟學(xué)的邊際分析法，通過對近二十年蘭州市農(nóng)地利用變化過程中純收益、集約度、播種面積等變化的研究，在初步構(gòu)建農(nóng)地邊際化相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上，對農(nóng)地邊際化問題的發(fā)展過程、農(nóng)戶行為響應(yīng)模式等內(nèi)容進行研究，并提出了提高農(nóng)地利用收益，減輕農(nóng)地利用負面影響的農(nóng)地制度改革舉措。研究表明： （1）農(nóng)地邊際化是社會、政治、經(jīng)濟、自然等多種因素共同驅(qū)動的過程，是在當(dāng)前土地利用與社會經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)下，農(nóng)地不再能夠具有經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)能力的過程，其本質(zhì)農(nóng)地利用過程中的純收益小于或者等于零的情況。農(nóng)地邊際化可以分為低端邊際化和高端邊際化兩種類型。農(nóng)地邊際化診斷的三大指標分別是農(nóng)地利用純收益指標、集約度指標和播種面積指標。當(dāng)農(nóng)地利用純收益小于零，而在之后的利用過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)其集約度明顯下降、播種面積縮小、棄耕撂荒等變化，我們就能夠判斷農(nóng)地利用發(fā)生了邊際化現(xiàn)象。 （2）二十多年來，蘭州市出現(xiàn)過一次較嚴重的農(nóng)地邊際化現(xiàn)象，兩次農(nóng)地邊際化跡象。1990年-1992年、2004年-2005年農(nóng)地邊際化跡象持續(xù)時間短，農(nóng)地邊際化特征不明顯，后期好轉(zhuǎn)趨勢明顯。而在，1995年-2002年出現(xiàn)的農(nóng)地邊際化現(xiàn)象持續(xù)時間長，影響范圍廣。 （3）目前農(nóng)戶的行為響應(yīng)主要有變更農(nóng)地利用類型、改變農(nóng)地利用方式、加速農(nóng)地非農(nóng)化進程、減少成本投入、縮小農(nóng)作物播種面積、棄耕撂荒等模式。 （4）政策啟示：①在農(nóng)地邊際化規(guī)律作用日益加強的情況下，那些土地質(zhì)量較差、區(qū)位不好的耕地應(yīng)當(dāng)退出農(nóng)地的范圍；②減負增收政策只能在一定程度上緩解和推遲農(nóng)地邊際化現(xiàn)象，但不能消除農(nóng)地邊際化現(xiàn)象，因此，需要各級政府從土地利用制度層面作出更為積極的響應(yīng)；③扶持生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，促進農(nóng)地資源可持續(xù)利用。政府可以進行中低產(chǎn)田改造，保持水土；發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)業(yè)科技；完善農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量認證體系，使優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品在市場上具有競爭力，從而增加從事生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的農(nóng)戶收益。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of 1990s, the use of agricultural land in China from east to west has shown the phenomenon of extensive utilization, such as the decrease of intensive degree, the decrease of crop planting area and the decrease of multiple cropping index. In 2003, agricultural taxes and fees were reduced in China, which lightened the burden on farmers. Until the abolition of agricultural tax in 2006, the agricultural land intensity in the central and western regions could be improved to a certain extent. In order to reveal the law of these changes in farmland use, the text, from the perspective of land use / land cover change, adopts the marginal analysis method of economics, through the analysis of net income and intensity in the process of land use change in Lanzhou in the last 20 years. On the basis of constructing the theory of farmland marginalization, the paper studies the development process of farmland marginalization and the response mode of farmers' behavior, and puts forward to improve the benefit of farmland utilization. Rural land system reform measures to mitigate the negative impact of farmland use. Research shows that: (1) the marginalization of agricultural land is a process driven by social, political, economic, natural and other factors. It is a process in which agricultural land is no longer able to have economic productive capacity under the current land use and socio-economic structure. In essence, the net income in the process of farmland utilization is less than or equal to zero. Farmland marginalization can be divided into two types: low-end marginalization and high-end marginalization. The three indexes of farmland marginalization diagnosis are the net income index of farmland utilization, the index of intensity degree and the index of sowing area. When the net income of farmland utilization is less than zero, and the intensity of farmland is obviously decreased, the sowing area is reduced, and the abandoned farmland is abandoned, we can judge the marginal phenomenon of farmland utilization. 2) in the past twenty years, there has been a serious phenomenon of farmland marginalization in Lanzhou City, and there have been two signs of farmland marginalization. The signs of farmland marginalization from 1990 to 1992 and from 2004 to 2005 are short, the characteristics of farmland marginalization are not obvious, and the trend of improvement is obvious in the later stage. In 1995-2002, the phenomenon of farmland marginalization lasted for a long time and affected a wide range. 3) at present, the behavior response of farmers mainly includes changing the type of farmland utilization, changing the mode of farmland utilization, speeding up the process of agricultural land non-agriculture, reducing the cost input, reducing the planting area of crops, abandoning cultivated land, and so on. (4) Policy revelation: 1 in the case of the increasing role of the law of the marginalization of agricultural land, those cultivated land with poor land quality and poor location should withdraw from the scope of agricultural land; (2) the policy of reducing burden and increasing income can only alleviate and delay the phenomenon of farmland marginalization to a certain extent, but it cannot eliminate the phenomenon of agricultural land marginalization. Therefore, governments at all levels need to make a more positive response from the level of land use system; (3) supporting the development of ecological agriculture and promoting the sustainable utilization of agricultural land resources. The government can reform the middle and low yield fields, conserve soil and water, develop green agricultural science and technology, perfect the quality certification system of agricultural products, make high quality products competitive in the market, and increase the income of farmers engaged in ecological agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F301.2

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