本文選題：碳減排 + 碳排放��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)革命以來，工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)造出豐富的社會(huì)產(chǎn)品，極大地改善了人類的物質(zhì)生活。在這一過程中，人類生產(chǎn)和生活活動(dòng)對自然資源的需求與日俱增，造成以二氧化碳為主的溫室氣體的大量排放，并最終對地球生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了負(fù)面影響。當(dāng)前，溫室氣體排放所造成的影響已經(jīng)超越了生態(tài)環(huán)境領(lǐng)域，進(jìn)而擴(kuò)散到政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、資源等領(lǐng)域，成為影響人類生存與發(fā)展的重大現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。在對傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展方式的反思中，人們逐漸意識到減少人類活動(dòng)對生態(tài)環(huán)境負(fù)面影響的重要性。世界各國也開始通過各種手段努力減少溫室氣體排放，以減少溫室效應(yīng)對人類生存環(huán)境的影響。應(yīng)該看到，，伴隨著未來世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長，全球二氧化碳排放量將在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)繼續(xù)增長，加上世界各國在人口增長、資源需求、技術(shù)水平和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平等方面的差異性，減少溫室氣體排放、緩解生態(tài)惡化仍然任重道遠(yuǎn)。 近三十多年來，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)保持了長期快速發(fā)展，人們生活水平明顯改善，綜合國力顯著提高。應(yīng)該看到，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長也帶來了對自然資源的大量耗費(fèi)。特別是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)所依賴的化石能源在燃燒后釋放出大量的溫室氣體，對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。目前，中國的二氧化碳排放總量已經(jīng)超過美國，位居世界首位。2009年，中國政府正式提出了2020年控制溫室氣體排放的行動(dòng)目標(biāo)，并實(shí)施相關(guān)政策措施，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式轉(zhuǎn)變，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。目前，我國正處于工業(yè)化中期階段，資源環(huán)境約束日益趨緊，合理選擇碳減排路徑、實(shí)現(xiàn)碳減排目標(biāo)將對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型和可持續(xù)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重要影響。 論文首先介紹了本文研究的背景、理論現(xiàn)實(shí)意義、主要內(nèi)容和研究方法，并對相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)做理論回顧，主要圍繞低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)理論、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長理論和碳排放測算等領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行綜述。其次，論文分析了中國碳排放的現(xiàn)狀與影響因素，碳排放的現(xiàn)狀主要包括總的碳排放量、近年趨勢、主要碳源以及主要影響因素，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、人口增長等，并從資源、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)三個(gè)角度分析了中國碳減排的必要性。然后，文章針對碳減排與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了理論與實(shí)證研究，指出碳減排對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的作用和影響。再次，文章從產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)視角、碳匯視角、消費(fèi)視角分析了中國碳減排的路徑。同時(shí)，對美國、歐洲等發(fā)達(dá)國家碳減排方案進(jìn)行了對比分析，并指出可供中國碳減排借鑒的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)借鑒。最后，基于中國碳減排的主要政策工具與相關(guān)措施，論文綜合前述減排路徑的特點(diǎn)給出了有效推進(jìn)中國碳減排的對策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial revolution, the industrial production has created a rich social product and greatly improved the human material life. In this process, the demand of human production and living activities to natural resources is increasing day by day, resulting in a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions based on carbon dioxide, and eventually has a negative impact on the ecological environment of the earth. At present, the effects of greenhouse gas emissions have gone beyond the ecological environment, and then spread to the political, economic, social and resource fields, which have become a major problem that affects human survival and development. In the reflection of the traditional way of development, people gradually realize the importance of reducing the negative impact of human activities on the ecological environment. The world has also begun to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by various means to reduce the impact of the greenhouse effect on the human environment. It should be seen that with the growth of the world economy in the future, the global carbon dioxide emissions will continue to grow in a certain period, coupled with the population growth, the resource demand, the technical level and the economy of all countries in the world. There is still a long way to go to reduce the difference in the level of economic development, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate ecological deterioration.
In the past thirty years, China's economy has maintained a long and rapid development, people's living standard has improved obviously, and the comprehensive national strength has been greatly improved. It should be seen that the rapid economic growth of China has also brought a great deal of consumption of natural resources. Especially, the fossil energy dependent on the industrial production has released a large amount of greenhouse gases after burning, and the ecological environment is on the ecological environment. At present, China's total carbon dioxide emissions have exceeded the United States, the first.2009 year in the world, the Chinese government formally proposed the action targets for controlling greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, and the implementation of relevant policies and measures to promote the transformation of economic growth mode and promote the coordinated development of economy, society and the environment. In the middle stage of industrialization, the constraints of resources and environment are increasingly tightened, the rational choice of carbon emission reduction path and the realization of carbon emission reduction targets will have an important impact on China's economic transformation and sustainable development.
The paper first introduces the background, the theoretical significance, the main content and the research methods, and reviews the relevant literature, mainly focusing on the low carbon economy theory, the economic growth theory and the carbon emission measurement and other fields. Secondly, the paper analyzes the current situation and influencing factors of carbon emissions in China, and the main current situation of carbon emissions. Including the total carbon emissions, the trend in recent years, the main carbon sources and the main factors, including economic growth and population growth, and from three perspectives of resources, environment and economy, the necessity of carbon emission reduction in China is analyzed. Then, the relationship between carbon emission reduction and economic growth is studied theoretically and empirically, and the economic growth of carbon emission reduction is pointed out. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the path of carbon emission reduction in China from the perspective of industrial structure, carbon sequestration and consumption, and compares the carbon emission reduction schemes of the developed countries such as the United States and Europe, and points out the related experiences that can be used for reference in China's carbon emission reduction. Finally, the main policies and tools based on China's carbon emission reduction are made. Based on the characteristics of the aforementioned emission reduction paths, the paper gives some suggestions on how to effectively promote carbon emission reduction in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X321

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