發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-11 23:34

  本文選題：明清檔案 + 檔案整理��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著清朝末年的政權(quán)更迭,明清兩代大量珍貴檔案被遺留下來,這些檔案被北洋政府以財(cái)政困窘為由賣給了北京西單同懋增紙店,之后羅振玉出資回購(gòu)了這部分檔案,請(qǐng)人在天津庫(kù)書樓進(jìn)行整理。北京大學(xué)研究所國(guó)學(xué)門主任沈兼士知道這批檔案的消息后,連同馬衡等人向蔡元培請(qǐng)示,最終將這批檔案劃歸由北京大學(xué)研究所國(guó)學(xué)門進(jìn)行整理。沈兼士帶領(lǐng)國(guó)學(xué)門與史學(xué)系、國(guó)文系的教職員組成清代內(nèi)閣大庫(kù)檔案整理委員會(huì),檔案整理委員會(huì)集體商議后制定了北京大學(xué)整理檔案的方法。北京大學(xué)研究所國(guó)學(xué)門是我國(guó)近代以來首個(gè)整理檔案的較為專業(yè)的研究機(jī)構(gòu),國(guó)學(xué)門首次將檔案的整理與檔案的提供利用功能結(jié)合起來,中國(guó)近代的第一批檔案工作者大都在這個(gè)時(shí)期培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生。通過檔案整理委員會(huì)的工作,沈兼士、陳垣、朱希祖等人帶領(lǐng)檔案整理委員會(huì),對(duì)"八千麻袋"事件留存下來的剩余內(nèi)閣大庫(kù)檔案進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)地整理,為我國(guó)近代檔案事業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故宮博物院文獻(xiàn)館是參與明清檔案整理的重要機(jī)構(gòu)組織,參與整理檔案的大都還是北大研究所國(guó)學(xué)門時(shí)期的各位師生,如陳垣、沈兼士、單士元等,所以在檔案的整理方法上也大都繼承了國(guó)學(xué)門時(shí)期的整理經(jīng)驗(yàn),并在實(shí)踐探索的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)方法和步驟進(jìn)行了完善。沈兼士在檔案的理論思想、行政思想、管理思想等方面都有一定的創(chuàng)新和建樹,他較早地提出了"檔案學(xué)" 一詞,尤其注重對(duì)歷史史料的編纂出版利用工作,相應(yīng)的也重視相關(guān)檔案史料的收集工作;認(rèn)為檔案和考古物器具有同等重要的歷史地位,力爭(zhēng)為整理檔案工作籌措經(jīng)費(fèi),并建議建立相關(guān)的檔案組織機(jī)構(gòu)和檔案的人事制度;提出檔案應(yīng)遵循普遍整理原則,同時(shí)尊重檔案原有的順序;重視檔案的鑒定和保管工作,命令省市縣的各級(jí)政府的檔案應(yīng)就地保管,不得隨意廢棄;認(rèn)為檔案的編纂與陳列工作是與檔案的整理編目工作同等重要的一項(xiàng)工作,在文獻(xiàn)館整理報(bào)告中專門列出了有關(guān)編纂和陳列的工作要求。沈兼士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的檔案同仁們也紛紛提出了有關(guān)明清檔案整理的思想,方u&生、張德澤、王梅儕等人對(duì)清代檔案的整理與分類問題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析與說明;蔣廷黻、姚從吾、傅振倫等人則對(duì)美國(guó)及歐洲等國(guó)的檔案整理與分類問題進(jìn)行了論述,對(duì)比我國(guó)與外國(guó)檔案工作后指出了其中的差距,并提出了值得借鑒學(xué)習(xí)的地方�？偟膩碚f明清檔案中所記載的有關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、軍事等方面的內(nèi)容折射出了國(guó)家社會(huì)的發(fā)展變化軌跡,占據(jù)了獨(dú)一無二不可復(fù)制的地位,沈兼士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的明清檔案整理工作在結(jié)合了我國(guó)原有的檔案整理實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,汲取國(guó)外的先進(jìn)的檔案整理思想,創(chuàng)新了檔案整理的原則,制定了檔案分類的方法,規(guī)范了檔案編目的格式,在這一時(shí)期的明清檔案整理工作中取得了較大的突破與貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:With the change of political power in the late Qing Dynasty, a large number of precious archives of the Ming and Qing dynasties were left behind, which were sold to the Beijing Xidan Tongmao Paper Store by the Beiyang government on the grounds of financial embarrassment, and Luo Zhenyu paid for the repurchase of this part of the file. Ask someone to organize the library building in Tianjin. After Shen Jianshi, director of the Department of Chinese Studies at Peking University, learned about the files, he and Ma Heng and others asked Cai Yuanpei for instructions, and eventually classified the files as collated by the Department of Chinese Studies at the Institute of Chinese Studies at Peking University. Shen Jianshi led the Chinese Studies Department and the Department of History, the Chinese language Department staff to form the Qing Dynasty cabinet big library archives collation committee, archives collation committee collective consultation to formulate the Peking University archives collation method. The National Studies Department of Peking University Institute is the first relatively professional research institution to organize archives in modern China. For the first time, the Sinology Department combines the functions of archives collation with the provision and utilization of archives. Most of the first archivists in modern China were trained in this period. Through the work of the Archives sorting Committee, Shen Jianshi, Chen Yuan, Zhu Xizu, etc., led the archival sorting Committee to systematically sort out the remaining cabinet archives left over from the "8,000 sacks" incident. It has contributed to the development of archives in modern China. The Palace Museum document Museum is an important organization that participated in the archives arrangement of Ming and Qing dynasties. Most of them are teachers and students of Peking University Institute of Chinese Studies, such as Chen Yuan, Shen Jianshi, Shan Shiyuan and so on. Therefore, most of the archival collation methods inherited the experience in the period of Sinology, and the methods and steps were perfected on the basis of practical exploration. Shen Jianshi has some innovations and achievements in the theoretical thought, administrative thought and management thought of archives. He put forward the term "archives" earlier, paying particular attention to the compilation and publication of historical materials. We should also attach importance to the collection of relevant archives and historical materials, think that archives and archaeological objects have the same important historical status, strive to raise funds for the archival work, and propose the establishment of relevant archives organization and archives personnel system. The author puts forward that archives should follow the principle of general arrangement, respect the original order of archives at the same time, attach importance to the appraisal and preservation of archives, order the archives of all levels of government of provinces, cities and counties to be kept on the spot and not be abandoned at will. It is considered that the compilation and display of archives is as important as the arrangement and cataloguing of archives. The archival colleagues under the leadership of Shen Jianshi have also put forward the idea of archival arrangement in Ming and Qing dynasties. Fang U-sheng, Zhang Deze, Wang Mei-peer and others have made detailed analysis and explanation on the arrangement and classification of archives in the Qing Dynasty; Jiang Ting-fu, Yao Cong-wu, etc. Fu Zhenlun and others discussed the problems of archival arrangement and classification in the United States and Europe, pointed out the gap between China and foreign countries, and put forward some points for reference and study. In general, the political, economic, legal, military and other aspects recorded in the archives of the Ming and Qing dynasties reflected the development and changes of the national society and occupied a unique and inreplicable position. On the basis of combining the original practical experience of archives arrangement in China, Shen Jianshi led the archives collation work in Ming and Qing dynasties, absorbed the advanced archival arrangement thought from abroad, innovated the principle of archival arrangement, and formulated the method of archives classification. The format of file cataloguing was standardized and great breakthrough and contribution were made in the archival arrangement of Ming and Qing dynasties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G269.29

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