本文選題：近代 + 農(nóng)會(huì)組織��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近代中國(guó)是一個(gè)由傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的大變革時(shí)代，農(nóng)民從傳統(tǒng)的血緣關(guān)系、宗族組織中解放出來(lái)，逐漸成為農(nóng)村社會(huì)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系的主體，這一時(shí)期，新興的農(nóng)會(huì)組織超越了傳統(tǒng)的宗族關(guān)系，在這一變遷過(guò)程中有著十分重要的意義。本文對(duì)于興起于清末衰亡于新中國(guó)成立初期的農(nóng)會(huì)組織的歷史發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理，主要從以下四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行探討。 第一，清末民初作為政府農(nóng)業(yè)咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)的農(nóng)會(huì)。中國(guó)近代農(nóng)會(huì)是清末興起的新型農(nóng)民團(tuán)體組織，直隸農(nóng)務(wù)總會(huì)是最早具有合法社會(huì)團(tuán)體地位的農(nóng)會(huì)。這一時(shí)期農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)落后，農(nóng)民生活困苦，先進(jìn)的社會(huì)階層開(kāi)始考慮實(shí)業(yè)救國(guó)之路，加之清政府“新政”的推動(dòng)，農(nóng)會(huì)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，，主要負(fù)責(zé)編輯農(nóng)學(xué)報(bào)、創(chuàng)辦農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)堂、開(kāi)展農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)查等活動(dòng)。由于嚴(yán)格受政府管轄，活動(dòng)經(jīng)費(fèi)需要政府扶持，且會(huì)員成分以紳商為主體，因此這一時(shí)期農(nóng)會(huì)性質(zhì)為政府的農(nóng)業(yè)咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)，是進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)改良的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)組織。 第二，大革命時(shí)期具有政權(quán)性質(zhì)的農(nóng)會(huì)。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立后，農(nóng)會(huì)組織真正成為農(nóng)民自己改造社會(huì)的組織。這時(shí)的農(nóng)會(huì)是在土地愈益集中、農(nóng)村階層顯著變化的社會(huì)背景下發(fā)展起來(lái)的，且有其特定的稱呼——農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)。農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)農(nóng)民進(jìn)行了支援北伐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、開(kāi)展反帝斗爭(zhēng)和農(nóng)村大革命等活動(dòng)，對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了極為深遠(yuǎn)的影響。此時(shí)的農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)與清末民初的農(nóng)會(huì)有本質(zhì)區(qū)別，是一個(gè)帶有較強(qiáng)政治斗爭(zhēng)色彩的政權(quán)組織。 第三，國(guó)民政府時(shí)期整治社會(huì)秩序的農(nóng)會(huì)。大革命失敗后，國(guó)民黨反動(dòng)派開(kāi)始對(duì)農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)進(jìn)行摧殘，殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)，大革命時(shí)期具有政權(quán)性質(zhì)的農(nóng)會(huì)組織暫時(shí)退出歷史舞臺(tái)。國(guó)民政府時(shí)期，國(guó)民黨和共產(chǎn)黨分別對(duì)農(nóng)會(huì)組織進(jìn)行了重建和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，國(guó)民黨將農(nóng)會(huì)改造為鞏固其鄉(xiāng)村統(tǒng)治秩序的工具，而共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的農(nóng)會(huì)則是合法的革命政權(quán)執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)。 第四，新中國(guó)成立初期進(jìn)行土地改革的農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)。新中國(guó)成立后，中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民進(jìn)行改革和建設(shè)。這一時(shí)期，農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)以貧苦農(nóng)民為主體，組織農(nóng)民開(kāi)展土地革命和進(jìn)行農(nóng)村社會(huì)改革。但是在土改完成之后，農(nóng)村基層政權(quán)建設(shè)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，再加之農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)自身存在缺陷，這一社會(huì)組織最終退出歷史舞臺(tái)。這一時(shí)期的農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)真正維護(hù)了農(nóng)民利益，有力地維持了農(nóng)村社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。 通過(guò)對(duì)近代農(nóng)會(huì)的歷史研究，我們可以得出一些啟示：農(nóng)會(huì)組織的建立及其任務(wù)，是與當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)主題和社會(huì)需要密切相關(guān)的，這一組織要想在特定社會(huì)中獲得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展，必須具有一定的正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ)，而且要正確處理其與國(guó)家、農(nóng)民的關(guān)系。 近代農(nóng)會(huì)組織的研究也為我國(guó)當(dāng)代的農(nóng)民組織建設(shè)提供了有益的借鑒意義。在當(dāng)前我國(guó)新農(nóng)村建設(shè)中，農(nóng)民組織化問(wèn)題關(guān)系到我國(guó)基層政權(quán)的建設(shè)，關(guān)系到村民自治的實(shí)現(xiàn)，因此新形勢(shì)下的農(nóng)民組織成為當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)，也是我國(guó)建設(shè)新農(nóng)村的重點(diǎn)。當(dāng)前農(nóng)村應(yīng)該建立新型的、形式多樣的農(nóng)民組織，并遵循具有現(xiàn)代意義原則和宗旨，最大限度地維護(hù)農(nóng)民的利益。我們應(yīng)該結(jié)合當(dāng)前的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，注重農(nóng)民組織的經(jīng)濟(jì)性，尊重農(nóng)民組織的獨(dú)立性、自主性，確保農(nóng)民參與的主動(dòng)性、自愿性，保證當(dāng)今農(nóng)民組織發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性。
[Abstract]:Modern China is an era of transformation from traditional society to modern society. Farmers are liberated from traditional blood relations and clan organizations and gradually become the main body of social political and economic relations in rural areas. In this period, the new peasant associations have surpassed the traditional patriarchal clan relations, and are very important in this process. This paper makes a systematic review of the historical development of the peasant association in the early period of the founding of new China in the late Qing Dynasty, mainly from the following four aspects.
First, the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was the Agricultural Association of the government agricultural advisory body. The modern Chinese peasant association was a new type of farmers' organization which rose in the late Qing Dynasty. The Zhili agricultural association was the earliest peasant association with the status of legal social groups. As a result of the government's "New Deal", the peasant association came into being. It was mainly responsible for editing agricultural journals, establishing agricultural schools and carrying out agricultural investigation. Due to the strict government jurisdiction, the funds needed government support, and the members of the members took the gentry business as the main body. Therefore, the agricultural advisory body of the government in this period was the agricultural improvement. The social and economic organization.
Second, the peasant association with the nature of the political power during the period of the revolution. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, the organization of the peasant association really became the organization of the peasant's own transformation of the society. The peasant association was developed under the social background of the more concentrated land and a significant change in the rural stratum, and the peasant association, the peasant association, led the peasants. In support of the northern expedition, the anti imperialist struggle and the rural revolution had a profound influence on the Chinese society. At this time, the peasant association was essentially different from the peasant association in the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. It was a political organization with a strong political struggle color.
Third, the national government during the period of the regulation of the social order of the peasant association. After the failure of the revolution, the reactionaries of the Kuomintang began to destroy the peasant associations and brutally repress the peasant movement. The peasant association, which has the nature of the political power in the period of the revolution, temporarily withdrew from the historical stage. During the period of the national government, the National People's party and the Communist Party rebuilt the organization of the peasant associations. And leaders, the Kuomintang transformed the peasant associations into a tool to consolidate their rural order, and the peasant associations under the leadership of the Communist Party were the legitimate executive organs of the revolutionary government.
Fourth, the peasant association of land reform in the early period of the founding of new China. After the founding of new China, the Chinese Communist Party led the reform and construction of the people. In this period, the peasant association took the poor farmers as the main body to organize the peasants to carry out the land revolution and carry out the rural social reform. In addition, the social organization finally withdrew from the historical stage. The peasant association in this period really maintained the interests of the peasants and strongly maintained the stability of the rural society.
Through the historical study of the modern agricultural association, we can draw some enlightenment: the establishment and task of the organization of the peasant association is closely related to the social themes and social needs of the time. This organization must have a certain legitimacy foundation in a particular society, and should correctly deal with it with the country and the peasants. Relationship.
The study of the organization of the modern agricultural association also provides useful reference for the construction of the Contemporary Peasant Organization in our country. In the current construction of the new countryside, the problem of the organization of farmers is related to the construction of the grass-roots political power in our country and the realization of the autonomy of the villagers. Therefore, the peasant organization under the new situation has become the hot spot of the current research, and it is also the construction of our country. The current rural areas should focus on the establishment of new and diversified farmers' organizations, and follow the principles and purposes of modern significance and maintain the interests of farmers to the maximum extent. We should combine the current social reality, pay attention to the economy of the farmers' organizations, respect the independence and autonomy of the farmers' organizations, and ensure the farmers' participation. Mobility and voluntariness ensure the sustainability of the development of today's peasant organizations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D422

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 程得紅;大革命時(shí)期的湖北農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)[J];湖北文史資料;2002年02期

2 于建嶸;20世紀(jì)中國(guó)農(nóng)會(huì)制度的變遷及啟迪[J];福建師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2003年05期

3 袁素平;;從“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題的發(fā)展路徑看農(nóng)民組織化的必要性[J];法制與經(jīng)濟(jì)(下半月);2008年02期

4 李巨瀾;試論民國(guó)時(shí)期新鄉(xiāng)紳階層的形成及其影響[J];華東師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2003年04期

5 范忠程;大革命時(shí)期湖南農(nóng)民運(yùn)動(dòng)再思考[J];湖南師范大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2002年05期

6 徐勇,徐增陽(yáng);中國(guó)農(nóng)村和農(nóng)民問(wèn)題研究的百年回顧[J];華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1999年06期

7 楊傳喜;張俊飚;;農(nóng)民組織形式的比較及啟示[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)縱橫;2009年10期

8 袁剛;王芳;;缺位與再生:新時(shí)期農(nóng)會(huì)重建問(wèn)題初探[J];理論導(dǎo)刊;2008年02期

9 朱英;;辛亥革命前的農(nóng)會(huì)[J];歷史研究;1991年05期

10 張斌東;錦州大顯身手的農(nóng)民協(xié)會(huì)[J];中國(guó)民族;2003年11期

本文編號(hào)：1865996