本文選題：假釋 + 刑罰�。� 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：假釋制度是指國(guó)家的法定機(jī)關(guān)根據(jù)立法規(guī)定,對(duì)認(rèn)真遵守監(jiān)管、積極接受勞動(dòng)改造的罪犯,在執(zhí)行法定刑期之后,對(duì)其附條件提前釋放的一種制度。假釋制度起源于澳大利亞,經(jīng)過(guò)一系列的傳播,清末傳入我國(guó),并在《大清新刑律》中得到明文規(guī)定。新中國(guó)成立以后,假釋制度得到了不斷發(fā)展與完善。 在現(xiàn)代法治國(guó)家,假釋被認(rèn)為是法律賦予罪犯獲得自由的一項(xiàng)權(quán)利,這項(xiàng)權(quán)利能夠激勵(lì)罪犯積極接受教育改造,重新適應(yīng)社會(huì),因此,假釋具有“橋梁”的作用。此外,假釋還具有緩解監(jiān)獄的監(jiān)管壓力、節(jié)約國(guó)家司法成本的作用。 在我國(guó),假釋制度自從確立以后,經(jīng)過(guò)一系列的發(fā)展與完善,形成了較為完整的體系,這對(duì)我國(guó)立法與司法實(shí)踐具有重要意義。但是,在立法與司法實(shí)踐中,假釋適用率比較低,適用地域不均衡,究其原因是假釋制度還存在一些缺陷。 在我國(guó)立法與司法實(shí)踐中,假釋制度主要在適用條件、啟動(dòng)主體方式、歸屬權(quán)、執(zhí)行刑期、監(jiān)督機(jī)制、撤銷條件等七個(gè)方面存在缺陷與不足,這些缺陷與不足導(dǎo)致假釋制度在司法實(shí)踐的適用過(guò)程中呈現(xiàn)適用地域不均、適用范圍偏窄、適用率偏低的特點(diǎn)。我國(guó)假釋制度在適用條件方面的不足,主要體現(xiàn)在立法僅將無(wú)期徒刑與有期徒刑作為適用刑種對(duì)象、假釋適用刑期條件過(guò)長(zhǎng)、假釋的實(shí)質(zhì)適用條件規(guī)定過(guò)寬、假釋的禁止性適用條件規(guī)定過(guò)嚴(yán)；假釋在啟動(dòng)方式上的不足主要體現(xiàn)在啟動(dòng)主體單一,我國(guó)刑法僅將監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)定為假釋的啟動(dòng)主體；假釋在歸屬權(quán)上的缺陷體現(xiàn)在：我國(guó)立法僅將法院作為假釋的裁定主體,其他任何機(jī)關(guān)與個(gè)人不能作為假釋的裁定主體；假釋在量刑上的不足主要體現(xiàn)在我國(guó)的假釋評(píng)估體系不健全；假釋在執(zhí)行考驗(yàn)期限的不足主要體現(xiàn)在：執(zhí)行考驗(yàn)期限規(guī)定過(guò)于絕對(duì)；假釋在監(jiān)督機(jī)制上的缺陷體現(xiàn)在：我國(guó)刑法對(duì)假釋犯在考驗(yàn)期間的監(jiān)督規(guī)定過(guò)于寬泛,缺乏可操作性,司法實(shí)踐中,監(jiān)督流于形式；假釋在撤銷條件上的缺陷體現(xiàn)在：我國(guó)刑法對(duì)假釋的撤銷規(guī)定同樣過(guò)于寬松,造成假釋犯易被撤銷假釋,重新收監(jiān)關(guān)押。 假釋制度是法治社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果,由于各個(gè)國(guó)家在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化上存在差異,各國(guó)對(duì)假釋在立法上的規(guī)定與司法實(shí)踐中的適用也有所不同。因此,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)外假釋制度的借鑒,對(duì)完善我國(guó)的假釋制度具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Parole system refers to a system in which the legal organs of the country, in accordance with the provisions of legislation, conscientiously abide by the supervision and actively accept the reform through labour, and release them in advance with conditions after the execution of the legal sentence.The parole system originated in Australia. After a series of spreading, it was introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty.After the founding of New China, parole system has been continuously developed and improved.In a modern country ruled by law, parole is regarded as a right that the law endows criminals with freedom. This right can encourage criminals to accept education and reform actively and adapt to the society. Therefore, parole has the function of "bridge".In addition, parole also has the function of relieving the prison supervision pressure and saving the national judicial cost.Since the establishment of parole system in China, a relatively complete system has been formed through a series of development and perfection, which is of great significance to the legislation and judicial practice of our country.However, in the legislative and judicial practice, the parole application rate is relatively low, the application region is uneven, the reason is that the parole system still has some defects.In the legislative and judicial practice of our country, the parole system has some defects in seven aspects, such as the applicable conditions, the way of starting the subject, the right of ownership, the execution of the sentence, the mechanism of supervision, the condition of revocation, etc.These defects and deficiencies lead to the application of parole system in the judicial practice in the process of uneven application, narrow scope of application, low application rate.The deficiency of the parole system in our country is mainly reflected in the fact that the legislation only takes life imprisonment and fixed-term imprisonment as the object of punishment, the conditions for parole are too long and the essential conditions for parole are too wide.The limitation of parole in the starting mode is mainly reflected in the single starting subject, and the supervision agency is only stipulated as the starting subject in the criminal law of our country.The defects of parole in the right of belonging are as follows: our legislation only regards the court as the ruling subject of parole, and any other organs and individuals can not be the ruling subject of parole;The deficiency of parole in sentencing is mainly reflected in the unsound parole evaluation system in our country, the deficiency of parole in the execution of the test period is mainly reflected in: the provisions on the execution of the test period are too absolute;The defects of parole supervision mechanism are as follows: the supervision of parole offenders in our criminal law is too broad, lack of maneuverability, and supervision is a mere formality in judicial practice;The limitation of parole in revocation condition is that the revocation regulation of parole in criminal law of our country is also too loose, which makes parole offenders easy to be revoked and imprisoned again.Parole system is the inevitable result of the development of the rule of law society. Due to the political, economic and cultural differences in each country, the application of parole in legislation and judicial practice is also different.Therefore, it is of great significance to perfect the parole system of our country by drawing lessons from the parole system abroad.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.13

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本文編號(hào)：1772359