本文選題：水環(huán)境質(zhì)量　切入點：灰色關聯(lián)度　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：我國是一個水資源短缺的國家，近年來，隨著我國經(jīng)濟的巨大發(fā)展，水污染形勢日趨嚴峻。作為周邊地區(qū)政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的交流中心，城市具有人口稠密，產(chǎn)業(yè)集中等特點，因此，城市水環(huán)境承載的人口和經(jīng)濟負荷大，水污染形勢尤為突出。所以，深入、系統(tǒng)的研究城市水環(huán)境質(zhì)量定量評價及生態(tài)調(diào)控問題，是促進科學合理地使用水資源、恢復城市的健康水環(huán)境的重要手段。 本文以松花江哈爾濱段為例，構(gòu)建城市水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價指標體系，確定城市水環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響因素，，進一步建立城市水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價計算模型，定量地核算水環(huán)境質(zhì)量，依據(jù)水環(huán)境質(zhì)量時空變化特征，提出具有針對性的調(diào)控對策。研究結(jié)果表明： 使用灰色關聯(lián)度法分析松花江哈爾濱段區(qū)域間的關聯(lián)情況，將松花江哈爾濱段分為四個部分：輕污染區(qū)域（朱順屯）、中污染區(qū)域（阿什河口內(nèi)下、呼蘭河口內(nèi)、大頂子山）、高污染區(qū)域（呼蘭河口內(nèi)）、重污染區(qū)域（阿什河口內(nèi)）；對各污染區(qū)域評價指標的篩選與優(yōu)選，得到松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價指標體系；使用灰色關聯(lián)分析法與模糊綜合評價法作為評價方法，對各區(qū)域指標年平均監(jiān)測值進行分析，將兩種方法評價結(jié)果進行對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)使用主成分分析法賦權的模糊綜合評價法更符合哈爾濱市環(huán)境質(zhì)量公報中松花江哈爾濱段各區(qū)域關于水環(huán)境質(zhì)量的內(nèi)容，選擇此種方法構(gòu)建城市水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價計算模型；使用所得模型對水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價指標體系驗證，優(yōu)選后指標體系所得結(jié)果與實際狀況相差較�。�10%），本文所確定的評價指標體系能夠反映松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況。 將城市水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價計算模型應用于松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價中，得到2008-2012年枯水期、平水期與豐水期松花江哈爾濱段水質(zhì)類別；分析水環(huán)境質(zhì)量時空變化特征，得到水環(huán)境質(zhì)量類別變化狀況如下：輕污染區(qū)域中污染區(qū)域高污染區(qū)域重污染區(qū)域，平水期≈豐水期枯水期。并確定了主要污染物為：DO、CODCr、BOD5、NH4+-N、TN、org。對主要污染物進行時空變化特征分析可知，阿什河水質(zhì)污染狀況呈逐年減輕的趨勢，但阿什河仍需進一步治理；根據(jù)分析水質(zhì)類別與主要污染物的時空變化特征所得到的問題，從污染物、區(qū)域、管理三個方面提出了相應的調(diào)控對策。 本研究對松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的指導作用，研究結(jié)果將有利于促進水資源的科學管理和有效利用，實現(xiàn)城市水的良性循環(huán)。
[Abstract]:China is a national shortage of water resources, in recent years, with the great development of China's economy, water pollution situation is becoming increasingly severe. As the surrounding areas of political, economic, and cultural exchange center, the city is densely populated, characteristics, industry concentration etc. Therefore, city water environmental carrying capacity of population and economic load, water the pollution situation is particularly prominent. Therefore, further, the quantitative evaluation of the environmental quality of city water and ecological control system, is to promote the use of water resources scientifically and reasonably, an important means of healthy water environment restoration in the city.
In this paper, the Harbin section of Songhua River as an example, construct the evaluation index system of city water environment quality, determine the factors influencing the quality of city water environment, further establish the city water environment quality evaluation model of water environmental quality, quantitative calculation, according to the water quality of the environment of spatial and temporal variation characteristics, put forward some countermeasures of the results:
The use of gray correlation analysis method of correlation degree between the Harbin section of the Songhua River area, the Harbin section of Songhua River is divided into four parts: light pollution areas (Zhu Shuntun), in the polluted area (Ashe estuary, Hulan estuary, Dadingzi Mountain Area (Hulan), high pollution, heavy pollution in the estuary area (Ashe) estuary); screening and optimization of the regional pollution index evaluation, get the Harbin section of the Songhua River water quality evaluation index system; grey correlation analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method as the evaluation method of the regional index average annual monitoring value is analyzed, the evaluation results of the two methods were compared, found that fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of weighting using principal component is more in line with the Songhua River in Harbin city environmental quality communique of Harbin section of the regional water environment on the quality of the content, the selection method of constructing city water The calculation model of environmental quality assessment; to verify the evaluation index system of water quality using the model, the optimized index system of the results and the actual situation are small (10%), the evaluation index system of water environment quality condition can reflect the shape of Harbin section of Songhua River.
The city water environment quality evaluation model was applied to the assessment of water environmental quality in Harbin section of Songhua River in 2008-2012 years, the dry season, water quality water period and high water period in Harbin section of Songhua River; water quality analysis of spatial and temporal variation characteristics, change of water quality categories are as follows: heavy regional pollution area high pollution area light the contaminated area, water is wet period and dry period. The main pollutants are: DO, CODCr, BOD5, NH4+-N, TN, org. on the main pollutants are temporal and spatial variation analysis, quality pollution of Ashe River showed trend of decrease year by year, but the Ashe River still need further treatment; according to the analysis of water quality the main pollutant categories and characteristics of temporal and spatial variation obtained, from pollutants, region, put forward some countermeasures from three aspects of management.
This research will play an important role in guiding the sustainable development of water environment in the Harbin section of Songhua River. The research results will help to promote the scientific management and effective utilization of water resources and achieve the virtuous circle of urban water.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X522;X824

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