本文選題：弗洛姆　切入點(diǎn)：人性異化理論　出處：《南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：埃利�！じヂ迥�(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)是美籍德裔杰出的人本主義精神分析學(xué)家、社會(huì)學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家,是西方馬克思主義流派中的典型的弗洛伊德主義的馬克思主義者,還是法蘭克福學(xué)派中的骨干之一等。他一生致力于探索人在社會(huì)中的生存規(guī)律,人性異化理論即是他的核心理論。近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)科技的進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人們沉浸在快節(jié)奏的生活中,雖然生活物質(zhì)豐裕卻缺乏對(duì)生活意義的思考,甚至對(duì)自身的本質(zhì)和重要性也缺乏準(zhǔn)確的認(rèn)知。為了給人們更好地思考人的問(wèn)題提供理論依據(jù)和啟示,促進(jìn)人們對(duì)生活意義以及自身價(jià)值的反思,本文以弗洛姆人性異化理論為邏輯起點(diǎn),展開(kāi)探討該理論的理論淵源和理論內(nèi)容,重點(diǎn)探析該理論合理性和意義、理論困境及其對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的啟示。首先,探析弗洛姆人性異化理論產(chǎn)生的淵源。弗洛姆以人的生存狀態(tài)作為理論研究的切入點(diǎn),一方面是源于其獨(dú)特的家庭環(huán)境和動(dòng)蕩不安的時(shí)代背景的影響,另一方面是受到猶太教的救世思想、弗洛伊德的精神分析學(xué)說(shuō)以及馬克思關(guān)于勞動(dòng)異化的理論的啟示。其次,爬梳弗洛姆龐雜的人性異化理論框架。弗洛姆認(rèn)為人是在歷史中生成的、具有自我意識(shí)的、現(xiàn)實(shí)中的社會(huì)存在物,人性就是人生存所固有的矛盾。異化自古就有、無(wú)處不在,覆蓋了生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域、消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域、人際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域以及無(wú)意識(shí)領(lǐng)域等,要實(shí)現(xiàn)健全的人格和社會(huì)就必須進(jìn)行全面的改革,包括政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等方面。然后,評(píng)析弗洛姆人性異化理論的合理性和意義、理論困境。弗洛姆探索人性異化理論所采用的科學(xué)的方法論——理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際和總體性原則——使其理論具有較強(qiáng)的時(shí)代性和現(xiàn)實(shí)性,有助于我們正確認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)當(dāng)前的異化現(xiàn)象。但同時(shí),由于歷史的局限性,弗洛姆本人對(duì)馬克思思想的解讀存在片面性。他將馬克思主義哲學(xué)看成純粹的理論抗議,不僅認(rèn)為馬克思的異化論具有總體性,還將異化當(dāng)成馬克思主義哲學(xué)的中心概念。此外,弗洛姆因?yàn)榉穸▔虮┝Ω锩�、放棄無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政、忽視生產(chǎn)資料公有制而使其救贖方案具有空想性。最后,挖掘弗洛姆人性異化理論的現(xiàn)實(shí)啟示。一方面,弗洛姆的人性異化理論啟示我們務(wù)必要堅(jiān)守社會(huì)主義的性質(zhì),亦即堅(jiān)持無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政和公有制的主體地位。另一方面要堅(jiān)持構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì),亦即加強(qiáng)社會(huì)信仰體系構(gòu)建,防止人性異化;深化以人為本的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀,走可持續(xù)發(fā)展道路。
[Abstract]:Erich Frommn (1900-1980) is an outstanding German-American humanist psychoanalyst, sociologist and philosopher, a typical Freudian Marxist of Western Marxist schools. He is also one of the backbone of the Frankfurt School. He devoted his whole life to exploring the laws of man's existence in society. The theory of alienation of human nature is his core theory. In recent years, with the progress of science and technology and the development of economy in China, People are immersed in a fast-paced life, and although they are rich in life, they lack the thinking about the meaning of life. Even the essence and importance of their own lack of accurate cognition. In order to give people better thinking about human problems and provide theoretical basis and inspiration, promote people to reflect on the meaning of life and their own value, Taking Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature as the logical starting point, this paper discusses the theoretical origin and content of the theory, focuses on the rationality and significance of the theory, the theoretical dilemma and its enlightenment to reality. This paper explores the origin of Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature. Fromm takes the condition of human existence as the starting point of theoretical research, on the one hand, it is the influence of his unique family environment and the background of the turbulent times. On the other hand, it is inspired by the salvation thought of Judaism, the psychoanalysis theory of Freud and Marx's theory of labor alienation. Fromm believes that human beings are born in history, self-conscious, social beings in reality, human nature is the inherent contradiction of human existence. Alienation has existed since ancient times, everywhere, It covers production, consumption, relationships, unconscious, and so on. To achieve sound personality and society, we have to carry out comprehensive reforms, including political, economic, cultural, etc. Then, This paper analyzes the rationality and significance of Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature and its theoretical dilemma. The scientific methodology used by Fromm to explore the theory of alienation of human nature, which combines theory with practice and the principle of totality, makes his theory have a strong epoch and reality. But at the same time, due to the limitation of history, Fromm himself has a one-sided interpretation of Marx's thought. He regards Marxist philosophy as a pure theoretical protest. He not only thinks that Marx's theory of alienation is general, but also regards alienation as the central concept of Marxist philosophy. In addition, Fromm gave up the dictatorship of the proletariat because he denied the violent revolution. Neglecting the public ownership of the means of production and making its redemption scheme have a utopian nature. Finally, the realistic enlightenment of excavating Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature. On the one hand, Fromm's theory of alienation of human nature enlightens us to adhere to the nature of socialism. On the other hand, we must adhere to the construction of a harmonious socialist society, that is, to strengthen the construction of the social belief system, to prevent the alienation of human nature, to deepen the concept of scientific development based on people, and to maintain the dominant position of the proletarian dictatorship and public ownership. Take the road of sustainable development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B712.59

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