發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-27 03:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海洋地震數(shù)據(jù)處理 多次波的類型 多次波的壓制 組合壓制技術(shù)　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展更加強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)能源的依賴和需求,海洋越來(lái)越重大的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值已推動(dòng)海洋油氣資源開發(fā)和海洋地質(zhì)勘查成為新的研究熱點(diǎn)。地震勘探依然是尋找海洋油氣資源的最主要的方式。在海洋地震勘探的過(guò)程中,多次波的存在,不但影響地震成像的真實(shí)性和可靠性,而且會(huì)使目的層反射波的振幅、頻率和相位發(fā)生畸變,并且較難辨識(shí),進(jìn)而干擾地震資料的解釋,增大了油氣勘探的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和難度,因此可以認(rèn)為多次波是海洋地震勘探過(guò)程中最主要的干擾波。如何有效的壓制和衰減多次波是海洋地震數(shù)據(jù)處理過(guò)程中最主要的課題之一。首先對(duì)多次波的成因、分類以及基本特征進(jìn)行論述和討論,在此基礎(chǔ)上從基本原理、應(yīng)用條件和適用范圍等多個(gè)方面全面與詳細(xì)的歸納并討論了各種主要的多次波壓制與衰減方法。選取某生產(chǎn)探區(qū)內(nèi)的實(shí)際海洋地震數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)與研究,根據(jù)水深的不同,將探區(qū)地震數(shù)據(jù)分為深水區(qū)和淺水區(qū)兩種情況分別進(jìn)行討論。水深的不同決定了發(fā)育的多次波類型也就有所差異,因此應(yīng)用的壓制與衰減方法也會(huì)有所區(qū)別。對(duì)多次波實(shí)際應(yīng)用各種壓制與衰減方法之前,對(duì)原始地震數(shù)據(jù)的頻譜、速度譜-道集、初疊加數(shù)據(jù)、單炮以及自相關(guān)結(jié)果進(jìn)行初步的分析與研究,通過(guò)分析可以確定,深水區(qū)多次波的類型主要為:反射多次波、繞射多次波;淺水區(qū)多次波的類型主要為:海底全程多次波、層間多次波、鳴震。目前,出現(xiàn)了多種針對(duì)多次波的壓制與衰減技術(shù),但每種方法都有各自的應(yīng)用條件和適用范圍,沒(méi)有一種方法能夠單獨(dú)的對(duì)各種多次波類型實(shí)現(xiàn)徹底有效的壓制與衰減。因此,根據(jù)不同方法的應(yīng)用條件和適用范圍,針對(duì)試驗(yàn)探區(qū)多次波發(fā)育的具體類型,進(jìn)行多次波壓制與衰減技術(shù)的組合應(yīng)用,是一種較為理想的解決方案。應(yīng)用在深水區(qū)的組合壓制技術(shù)為:SRME(與自由表面有關(guān)的多次波壓制與衰減技術(shù))、高精度Radon變換、自動(dòng)分頻去噪壓制繞射多次波;應(yīng)用在淺水區(qū)的組合壓制技術(shù)為:TAU-P域反褶積技術(shù)、高精度Radon變換。通過(guò)對(duì)比試驗(yàn)區(qū)海洋地震資料的單炮、速度譜-道集以及疊加數(shù)據(jù)在應(yīng)用各種多次波壓制與衰減方法前后的實(shí)際效果,進(jìn)一步論述和證明各種多次波壓制與衰減方法的內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn),檢驗(yàn)它們的實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果。最終得到的結(jié)論認(rèn)為在海洋地震數(shù)據(jù)處理的過(guò)程中各種類型的多次波干擾一般都異常發(fā)育且具有較強(qiáng)的能量,壓制與衰減多次波一直是海洋地震資料處理的核心環(huán)節(jié)與關(guān)鍵步驟,已有的方法很多,但不同的方法基于不同的理論,具有不同的應(yīng)用條件和應(yīng)用范圍。采用單一的方法,往往不能適用于所有類型的多次波,因此在分析海洋多次波的具體類型與特征、研究并識(shí)別多次波與一次波區(qū)別和差異的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)不同類型多次波的不同特征合理地選取壓制與衰減多次波的具體方法,總結(jié)出一套成熟有效的壓制與衰減海洋地震數(shù)據(jù)多次波的組合技術(shù)方案。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the world economy and more emphasis on the energy dependence and demand, the ocean becomes more and more serious political and economic value has been promoting the development of offshore oil and gas resources and marine geological exploration has become a new research topic. Seismic exploration is still the main search for offshore oil and gas resources type. In the process of marine seismic exploration in many times the existence of the wave, not only affects the authenticity and reliability of seismic imaging, and the amplitude of objective reflection wave, frequency and phase distortion, and difficult to identify, and interfere with the interpretation of seismic data, increased the risk and difficulty of oil and gas exploration, so that the multiple is in the process of marine seismic exploration the main interference wave. How to effectively suppress and multiple wave attenuation is one of the most important issues in marine seismic data processing. The first cause of multiple wave, the characteristics and classification of base Are discussed on the basis of many aspects from the basic principle, application condition and range of comprehensive and detailed summarized and discussed the main kinds of multiples and attenuation method. Test and study the actual marine seismic data of a production in the area, according to the different water depth, the area seismic data deep water and shallow water are respectively discussed. Two types of water depth determines the different development multiples are different, therefore the application of repression and attenuation methods will be different. Prior to pressing and multiple attenuation methods in various practical applications, the spectrum of the original seismic data, velocity spectrum collection at the beginning, stack data, and single shot autocorrelation results were analyzed and studied, through the analysis can determine the type of multiple wave, the deepwater area mainly: multiple waves, multiple wave diffraction; The type of shallow water wave repeatedly mainly: the whole bottom multiples multiples singing. At present, there are many for the suppression of multiple waves and attenuation, but each method has their application conditions and scope of application, there is no way to separate the various types of multiples to achieve completely suppressed and attenuation. Therefore, according to the application conditions of different methods and applicable scope, specific types of test in multiples, combined application of multiple attenuation and attenuation technology, is a solution to the ideal case. The application in the deep water zone combined suppression technology: SRME (related to the free surface multiples and attenuation), high precision Radon transform denoising to suppress multiple wave diffraction automatic frequency divider in the shallow water area; application of combined suppression technique: TAU-P domain deconvolution technique, high precision by Radon transform. Comparison of test area of marine seismic data of single shot, speed spectrum gathers and stack data before and after the application of various multiples and attenuation method of actual effect, and further discusses the contents and characteristics of all kinds of proof multiples and attenuation method, test their practical application. The final conclusion that in the process of the ocean seismic data processing in various types of multiple wave interference generally abnormal development and has strong energy, and suppression of multiple wave attenuation is a key link and key step in marine seismic data processing, many existing methods, but different methods based on different theories have different application conditions and scope of application. By using single the method is often not applicable to all types of multiples, so in the analysis of the specific types and characteristics of marine multi wave, research and identification of multiple and primary Based on the difference and difference of waves, according to the different characteristics of different types of multiple waves, we select the specific methods of suppressing and attenuating multiple waves reasonably, and conclude a set of mature and effective combination technology scheme for suppression and attenuation of marine seismic data.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.14

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