本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市人居環(huán)境 評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系 優(yōu)化 開(kāi)封市　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市作為區(qū)域政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的中心，交通發(fā)達(dá)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施完善，具有明顯的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)，越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)民選擇來(lái)城市就業(yè)、居住。伴隨著大批農(nóng)民涌入城市，中國(guó)城市化速度發(fā)展迅猛，盲目的擴(kuò)大城市規(guī)模和對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的追求，使城市的交通、生態(tài)環(huán)境、居住空間等資源受到前所未有的沖擊，經(jīng)濟(jì)水平提高的同時(shí)，城市的居住環(huán)境受到了嚴(yán)重的威脅，如何營(yíng)造一個(gè)優(yōu)美的人居環(huán)境逐漸成為許多專(zhuān)家學(xué)者討論的熱門(mén)話題。隨著可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施和新型城鎮(zhèn)化的提出，建設(shè)和諧的人居環(huán)境成為城市發(fā)展的重要目標(biāo)。 城市人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)是城市人居環(huán)境研究的重要組成部分，通過(guò)對(duì)城市人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量的評(píng)價(jià)，我們可以了解城市的人居環(huán)境發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，并針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題，提出提升城市人居環(huán)境的建議。國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)在理論和實(shí)踐上都作了大量的研究，關(guān)于城市人居環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的方法大多采用主觀或客觀單一的研究方法，研究區(qū)域大多是經(jīng)濟(jì)較發(fā)達(dá)的一線城市，而對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展一般的城市研究較少。本文以經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展一般的城市為例，嘗試著采用主觀和客觀相結(jié)合的研究方法，即采用主觀調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的形式和建立客觀指標(biāo)體系模型相結(jié)合，，使結(jié)論分析更加科學(xué)。 （1）本文以開(kāi)封為例，結(jié)合實(shí)際，總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外的人居環(huán)境研究進(jìn)展，闡述了人居環(huán)境和城市人居環(huán)境的內(nèi)涵，分析了城市人居環(huán)境的理論基礎(chǔ)，并介紹了本文的研究方法。 （2）本文在前人構(gòu)建城市人居環(huán)境滿(mǎn)意度評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的基礎(chǔ)上，按照科學(xué)性、禮貌性、代表性等原則，選取5個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo)（公共安全度、環(huán)境宜人度、生活便捷度、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展度、資源承載度）和21個(gè)二級(jí)指標(biāo)構(gòu)建了開(kāi)封市城市人居環(huán)境滿(mǎn)意度評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，對(duì)開(kāi)封五個(gè)區(qū)（禹王臺(tái)區(qū)、順河回族區(qū)、金明區(qū)、龍亭區(qū)、鼓樓區(qū)）按比例發(fā)放人居環(huán)境滿(mǎn)意度調(diào)查問(wèn)卷。采用德?tīng)柗品ㄓ?jì)算權(quán)重，并用模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法計(jì)算各區(qū)的人居環(huán)境模糊總體評(píng)價(jià)。研究表明，根據(jù)最大隸屬度的原則，開(kāi)封五個(gè)轄區(qū)的人居環(huán)境滿(mǎn)意度都處在一般滿(mǎn)意水平。如果把很滿(mǎn)意和比較滿(mǎn)意百分比之和作為進(jìn)一步對(duì)比的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：可以得出，禹王臺(tái)區(qū)為34.64%，順河區(qū)為43.12%，金明區(qū)為46.80%，龍亭區(qū)為41.21%，鼓樓區(qū)為37.79%。 （3）根據(jù)對(duì)城市人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)建的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，構(gòu)建城市人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，包括五個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo)（社會(huì)保障度、環(huán)境宜人度、生活舒適度、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展度和資源承載度）和28個(gè)二級(jí)指標(biāo)，采用主成分分析法對(duì)鄭州、開(kāi)封、洛陽(yáng)近十年（2002~2011年）的城市人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，研究表明：開(kāi)封近十年的人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平在不斷地提高，但提高速度較慢，鄭州的人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于開(kāi)封、洛陽(yáng)，僅在2011年的人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平稍低于這兩個(gè)城市；洛陽(yáng)的人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平在2004年之前稍低于開(kāi)封，但從2005年至2011年，洛陽(yáng)的人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平一直高于開(kāi)封。通過(guò)對(duì)鄭州、開(kāi)封、洛陽(yáng)三個(gè)城市人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平的橫向和縱向的比較，開(kāi)封在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、社會(huì)保障等方面比較落后，還需要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)這方面的建設(shè)。 （4）通過(guò)對(duì)開(kāi)封五個(gè)轄區(qū)的人居環(huán)境滿(mǎn)意度調(diào)查和開(kāi)封市城市人居環(huán)境建設(shè)水平的客觀分析，提出了開(kāi)封城市人居環(huán)境主要在空氣質(zhì)量、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)、軟環(huán)境等方面存在較大的問(wèn)題，并從自然、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)人文、城市規(guī)劃等方面做了原因分析，從提高經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)、加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障、節(jié)約資源等方面提出了提升開(kāi)封市城市人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量政策建議。 最后，對(duì)本文的主要結(jié)論進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，并對(duì)文章的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)及不足之處做了探討。
[Abstract]:City as a regional political, economic and cultural center, traffic developed, perfect infrastructure, has obvious geographical advantages, more and more farmers to the city for employment, living. Accompanied by a large number of farmers into the city, the city Chinese speed rapid development, the blind expansion of city scale and the pursuit of economic efficiency, make the city traffic, ecological environment, living space and other resources have hitherto unknown impact, the economic level at the same time, the city's living environment is threatened seriously, how to create a beautiful living environment has gradually become a hot topic of discussion. Many experts and scholars put forward along with the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development and new urbanization, construction of harmonious the living environment has become an important goal of city development.
City environment quality evaluation is an important part of the living environment of the city, through the evaluation of environmental quality in city, we can understand the status quo of human settlements development of the city, and in view of the existing problems, put forward to improve the living environment of the city. To evaluate the quality of living environment at home and abroad have made a lot of research in theory and in practice, a city living environment evaluation mostly adopt the subjective or objective single research methods, the study area is the most economically developed first-tier cities, and on the economic development of the city in general less research. Based on the economic development of the city as an example, try using the research methods of the combination of subjective and objective, i.e. the subjective questionnaire and the establishment of objective index system model are combined to make the conclusion more scientific analysis.
(1) taking Kaifeng as an example, combined with reality, the research progress of human settlements at home and abroad is summarized, and the connotation of human settlements and urban living environment is elaborated. The theoretical basis of urban human settlements is analyzed, and the research method of this paper is introduced.
(2) based on the previous basis for evaluation index system of city residential environment satisfaction, according to scientific, polite, representative principle, selection of 5 first level indicators (public safety, pleasant environment, convenient living, economic development, resource carrying capacity) and 21 level two indexes the evaluation index system of Kaifeng City residential environment satisfaction, on the city in five districts (yuwangtai District, Shunhe Hui District, Jinming District, Longting District, Gulou District) according to the proportion of payment satisfaction living environment questionnaire. Using the Delphy Fa weights are calculated to calculate the fuzzy overall evaluation of district environment and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. That, according to the principle of maximum degree of membership, Kaifeng five area of the living environment satisfaction are in general satisfaction level. If the very satisfied and satisfied percentage as a comparison standard can be: 34.64%, yuwangtai District, Shunhe District 43.12%, Jinming District 46.80%, Longting District 41.21%, Gulou District 37.79%.
(3) according to the level of the construction of city residential environment evaluation index system construction experience, the construction level of city residential environment evaluation index system, including five first level indicators (social security, pleasant environment, living comfort, economic development and resource carrying capacity) and 28 level two indexes, using principal component analysis of Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang in the past ten years (2002~2011 years) the city human settlements construction level of the comprehensive evaluation, research shows that: the opening of nearly ten years of residential environment construction level is continuously improving, but the increase speed is slow, the living environment construction level of Zhengzhou is much higher than the opening, Luoyang, the two city only in the construction of human settlements is slightly lower than the level in 2011; human settlements construction level of Luoyang before 2004 is slightly lower than it, but from 2005 to 2011, the level of human settlements construction in Luoyang has been higher than the opening. By comparing horizontal and vertical construction of human settlements in three cities of Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Luoyang, Kaifeng is relatively backward in terms of economic development and social security, and further improvement is needed.
(4) through the analysis of environment construction level of satisfaction of living environment on the opening five districts and Kaifeng city living, proposed opening city residential environment mainly in air quality, infrastructure and public services, there is a big problem in soft environment, and from the nature, economy, social culture, city planning etc. do the analysis of the causes, from the improvement of economic level, strengthen infrastructure construction, strengthen environmental protection, strengthen social security, resource conservation and other aspects of the improvement of human living environment quality of Kaifeng city policy recommendations.
Finally, the main conclusions of this article are summarized, and the innovative points and shortcomings of the article are discussed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X821;C912.81

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