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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：孟子民本思想及其當(dāng)代價(jià)值研究　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：在中國傳統(tǒng)社會(huì),民本思想作為治國安邦的重要理念,始終是中華民族獨(dú)具特色的治國思想,充分體現(xiàn)出古老的中華民族在治理國家和平定天下過程中的遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)。孟子繼承了夏商周時(shí)期的“重民”思想和孔子的“仁愛”理念,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了充分的發(fā)展,形成了相對(duì)完備而且系統(tǒng)的民本思想。孟子民本思想將人民放在政治統(tǒng)治根基的位置,承認(rèn)并且重視百姓在國家安定和發(fā)展中的地位和作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)統(tǒng)治者要關(guān)愛民眾,施仁政,這種“民貴君輕”的民本價(jià)值觀在中國漫長的歷史長河中發(fā)揮著不可磨滅的作用。時(shí)至今日,孟子民本思想依然對(duì)我們建設(shè)中國特色社會(huì)主義,實(shí)現(xiàn)和諧穩(wěn)定具有重要的借鑒意義。 本文第一部分論述孟子民本思想產(chǎn)生的思想淵源和哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ),思想淵源中包含殷周時(shí)期“民為邦本,本固邦寧”思想,孔子的“仁者愛人”觀點(diǎn)；哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)中詳細(xì)論述孟子的“性善論”和“天命觀”。第二部分是孟子民本思想的主要內(nèi)容,本文從“民本”與“重民”、“王道”與“霸道”、“君主”與“民眾”之間的關(guān)系以及實(shí)現(xiàn)民本思想的制度安排四個(gè)方面論述孟子民本思想的主要內(nèi)容。第三部分是對(duì)孟子民本思想的評(píng)價(jià),既要看到其肯定了民眾的地位和作用,在一定程度上限制了君主的權(quán)利,抑制了統(tǒng)治階級(jí)過度的剝削和壓迫,促進(jìn)了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,改善了人民的生活狀況等積極作用,肯定民本思想是當(dāng)今中國“以人為本”構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的重要借鑒；也要明確民本思想無法涉及社會(huì)權(quán)力的分配,而且缺乏相應(yīng)的保障以及帶有強(qiáng)烈的理想色彩,是一種當(dāng)時(shí)無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的超前方案。第四部分分析了孟子民本思想的當(dāng)代價(jià)值,本文從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、社會(huì)四個(gè)方面挖掘孟子民本思想對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)發(fā)展的價(jià)值。政治方面論述了“民貴君輕”對(duì)“以人為本”和完善民主政治的借鑒意義；經(jīng)濟(jì)方面論述了“制民之產(chǎn)”對(duì)關(guān)注民生和密切聯(lián)系群眾的借鑒意義；教育方面主要論述“謹(jǐn)庠序之教”對(duì)教育為本和德育優(yōu)先的借鑒意義；社會(huì)方面論述了“推恩于民”對(duì)完善社會(huì)保障制度的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In the Chinese traditional society, as an important idea of ruling the country and security, the people-oriented thought has always been the unique thought of the Chinese nation. Mencius inherited the thought of "respecting the people" in the period of Xia, Shang and Zhou and Confucius'"benevolence". And has carried on the full development to it, has formed the relatively complete and systematic people-oriented thought. Mencius people-oriented thought put the people in the political ruling foundation position. Recognize and attach importance to the people in the national stability and development of the status and role, emphasizing that rulers should care for the people, Shi benevolent government. This kind of people-oriented value of "people and noble monarchies" plays an indelible role in the long history of China. To this day, Mencius' people-oriented thought still builds socialism with Chinese characteristics. Achieving harmony and stability is of great significance. The first part of this paper discusses the ideological origin and philosophical basis of Mencius' people-oriented thought, which includes the idea of "the people are the foundation of the state" and the "benevolent lover" of Confucius during the Yin and Zhou dynasties. The second part is the main content of Mencius' people-oriented thought. The relationship between "monarch" and "populace" and the system arrangement of realizing people-oriented thought are discussed in four aspects: the main contents of Mencius people-oriented thought. The third part is the evaluation of Mencius people-oriented thought. It should be seen that it affirmed the status and role of the people, restricted the rights of the monarch to a certain extent, restrained the excessive exploitation and oppression of the ruling class, and promoted the development of social productive forces. Improve the people's living conditions and other positive effects, and affirm that the people-oriented thought is an important reference for the construction of a harmonious society in China. It is also necessary to make it clear that the people-oriented thought cannot involve the distribution of social power, and it lacks the corresponding protection and has a strong ideal color. 4th part analyzes the contemporary value of Mencius' people-oriented thought, this article from politics, economy, education. The four aspects of the society excavate the value of Mencius' people-oriented thought to the development of the society today. In the political aspect, the author discusses the reference significance of "the people and the noble monarchy" to the "people-oriented" and the perfection of the democratic politics. In the aspect of economy, the paper discusses the significance of "controlling the property of the people" to pay close attention to the people's livelihood and to keep in close touch with the masses. In the aspect of education, the author mainly discusses the reference meaning of "Xiang Xiang preface" to the education and moral education priority; From the social aspect, this paper discusses the significance of "pushing kindness to the people" to perfect the social security system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D092

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