本文關(guān)鍵詞：現(xiàn)代礦業(yè)科技的引進與淮南煤礦的早期發(fā)展（1909-1949）　出處：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：淮南煤礦是近代為數(shù)不多的國人獨立開發(fā)和經(jīng)營的大型煤礦,是中國近代新式煤礦成長的縮影,煤炭資源在國家發(fā)展過程中扮演著極其重要的角色,其開采和深加工均需要有相應(yīng)的科技支撐。然而,其近代科技發(fā)展歷史卻未能得到足夠的重視。本文在研究中,以新中國成立之前淮南煤礦四十年的發(fā)展歷史為背景,結(jié)合前人的研究成果,綜合新舊歷史史料,運用數(shù)據(jù)分析法、比對法和綜合分析法,以近代淮南煤礦科技發(fā)展歷史為個案,試圖彌補這一不足。文章以豐富的檔案資料,首先梳理和還原了與淮南煤礦有關(guān)的科技發(fā)展歷史,將其大致劃分為四個不同階段:一是(1909-1928年)現(xiàn)代開采技術(shù)的起步階段,商辦性質(zhì)的大通煤礦受到內(nèi)外障礙的制約,生產(chǎn)方式還是以手工為主。二是(1928-1937年)"黃金十年"的發(fā)展階段,官辦國營的淮南煤礦局通過礦業(yè)科技的引進和生產(chǎn)運銷模式的有效組織,使淮南煤礦一躍成為國民政府經(jīng)營最成功的國營企業(yè)。三是(1938-1945年)日本統(tǒng)治下的停滯階段,出現(xiàn)了以人工代替機械的礦業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)上的停滯和倒退。四是(1945-1949年)戰(zhàn)后全面的恢復(fù)和提升階段,這一時期通過對大量前沿技術(shù)資料的引進學(xué)習(xí)和對技術(shù)人才的培養(yǎng),以及向美援會尋求資金和技術(shù)上的援助,使淮南煤礦的機械化程度得到更進一步提高。在對四個階段歷史的梳理和總結(jié)過程中,本文還從四個不同的側(cè)面總結(jié)了淮南礦業(yè)發(fā)展的重大科技事件和科研成果:一是對淮南煤田的有關(guān)地質(zhì)學(xué)理論和勘探技術(shù)進行了系統(tǒng)地分析。從淮南地質(zhì)構(gòu)造理論推斷出八公山新煤田的存在,到地質(zhì)勘測規(guī)范的確立,再到新煤田的"一鉆得煤",以及后來謝家榮先生"大淮南盆地"的提出。二是從全新的經(jīng)濟地質(zhì)學(xué)視角,分析了淮南煤礦對我國經(jīng)濟地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展的貢獻。而淮南新煤田的發(fā)現(xiàn)是謝家榮先生經(jīng)濟地質(zhì)學(xué)思想在淮南煤礦的成功實踐,是經(jīng)濟地質(zhì)學(xué)理論結(jié)合實際的最好例證。強調(diào)了對地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)資源"經(jīng)濟"特性的重視。三是對淮南近代礦業(yè)科技的發(fā)展過程進行了系統(tǒng)地歸納總結(jié)。從政治經(jīng)濟環(huán)境的分析,到先進技術(shù)理念、設(shè)備的引進,技術(shù)人才的培養(yǎng),再到煤炭產(chǎn)運銷的有效組織。四是考證了淮南煤炭深加工和大型儀器設(shè)備共享的早期實踐。從三種不同煤質(zhì)的分析,到反復(fù)進行的煉焦科學(xué)試驗,再到合煤法煉焦的選擇,以及借助于較為發(fā)達的上海等地實驗室進行試驗,此舉可看成是今天大型科學(xué)儀器設(shè)備共享的早期實踐。在對四個階段、四個側(cè)面的總結(jié)分析過程中,得出以下幾點認識:一是要提高對煤礦業(yè)的認識。煤礦業(yè)是國家工業(yè)的基礎(chǔ),在國民經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的地位極其重要,對煤炭能源的布局發(fā)展要上升到國家層面來進行,合理開發(fā),有效利用。二是礦業(yè)發(fā)展要有穩(wěn)定的政治經(jīng)濟環(huán)境和相應(yīng)的政策支持。要加大對煤礦業(yè)資金和政策的扶持,發(fā)揮國家稅收和財政投入的撬動作用。三是礦業(yè)發(fā)展需要先進的科學(xué)技術(shù)支撐,要研究和引進先進的科學(xué)技術(shù)理念、設(shè)備,提高生產(chǎn)效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,在市場競爭中占據(jù)先機。四是礦業(yè)發(fā)展是一項系統(tǒng)工程,要科學(xué)合理有效地組織好、設(shè)計好、統(tǒng)籌好,綜合考慮企業(yè)、地方的關(guān)系以及生產(chǎn)、運輸和市場營銷等諸多因素。五是引導(dǎo)城市產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展的新方向。以依托煤、延伸煤、不唯煤、超越煤為指導(dǎo),以科技推進煤炭的深加工發(fā)展,強化兩型城市建設(shè),為眾多的資源型城市轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展提供有益的借鑒和參考。
[Abstract]:Huainan coal mine is a modern large-scale coal mine a few Chinese independent development and management, is the epitome of modern China growth and new coal mine, coal resources play an important role in the national development process, its exploitation and deep processing requires a corresponding technical support. However, the history of the development of modern science and technology is failed to get enough attention. In this research, the new Chinese before the establishment of forty years of development history of Huainan coal mine as the background, combined with previous research results, a comprehensive new historical data, using data analysis method, comparison method and comprehensive analysis method, with modern science and technology development history of Huainan coal mine as a case, try to make up for this insufficient. Based on abundant archives, reviews and restore technology development history and Huainan coal mine, and divides it into four stages: one is the modern mining technology (1909-1928) The initial stage of the restriction of Datong Coal Mine commercial office properties by inside and outside obstacle, the mode of production or in the manual. Two (1928-1937) is the stage of "ten years", the official state of Huainan Coal Mine Bureau through the effective organization of mining science and technology introduction and marketing mode of production, so that Huainan has become a national coal mine the government management of state-owned enterprises is the most successful. Three (1938-1945) under Japanese rule appeared to stagnation, stagnation and retrogression mining production technology of artificial instead of mechanical on. Four (1945-1949) after the comprehensive restoration and promotion stage, during this period, based on a large amount of data and the introduction of advanced technology learning the cultivation of technical personnel, and will seek funding and technical assistance to aid, the degree of mechanization of Huainan coal mine has been further improved. In the four stages of the history and summarizing the process In this paper, from four aspects summarizes the major scientific events in the development of Huainan mining and scientific research: one is in Huainan coalfield geology related theory and exploration techniques are systematically analyzed. Deduce the existence from the Huainan coalfield in the new geological theory, to establish the geological survey specification, and then to the new in "drilling coal", and then Mr. Xie Jiarong put forward the "big Huainan basin". The two is from the perspective of economic geology, analyzed the contribution to the economic development of our country. The geology of Huainan coal mine and Huainan new coal found Mr. Xie Jiarong thought of economic geology successful practice in Huainan coal mine is the best. Examples of the combination of theory and practice of economic geology. Emphasis on the geology and mineral resources "economic" characteristics of attention. The three is the development process of Huainan modern mining technology systematically summed up the total Node. From the analysis of the political and economic environment, to advanced technology concepts, the introduction of equipment, technical personnel training, to coal production and transportation organization. The four is to research the early practice of deep processing of coal in Huainan and large-scale equipment sharing. From the analysis of three kinds of coal, coking to repeated scientific experiments then, to the coal coking method choice, and with the help of the trial in more developed areas such as Shanghai laboratory, which can be regarded as the early practice of large scientific instruments sharing today. In the four stage, the four sides of a summary of the process of analysis, the following conclusions are reached: one is to improve the understanding of the the coal mine industry. Coal industry is the foundation of national industry, in the national economic and social development in an important position on the layout of the development of coal energy to rise to the national level, rational development, effective use of the two is mine. Industry development needs a stable political and economic environment and the corresponding policy support. To increase the coal industry funding and policy support, play leveraging role of State Taxation and financial investment. The three is needed to support the development of the mining industry of advanced science and technology to study and introduce advanced science and technology philosophy, equipment, improve production efficiency to reduce the production cost, take the initiative in the market competition. The four is the development of the mining industry is a system engineering, scientific and efficient organization, good design, good co-ordination, comprehensive consideration of the enterprise, where the relations of production and marketing, transportation and many other factors. The five is the new direction of city industrial transformation and development. Relying on coal, extending coal, not only coal, coal beyond the guidance to the development of deep processing of coal science and technology to promote and strengthen the construction of two types of city, provide a useful reference to many resource-based city transformation and development.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD82
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本文編號：1384388