輿論環(huán)境對中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)行為影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-17 10:25
【摘要】：中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)問題研究基于三層關(guān)系(企業(yè)與員工的雇傭關(guān)系、政府與企業(yè)的監(jiān)管關(guān)系、社會與政府及企業(yè)的監(jiān)督關(guān)系)、圍繞兩個失靈(市場失靈與管制失靈)、解決一個核心點(diǎn)(安全成本外溢),落腳點(diǎn)在于改進(jìn)制度安排。這是中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)研究演進(jìn)的整體思路。在此研究進(jìn)路下,本研究從全局梳理安全生產(chǎn)問題的前因后果,溯流而上,沿著市場機(jī)制軌跡尋找社會性目標(biāo)的落實(shí)點(diǎn),從上游的輿論環(huán)境源頭尋找成本外溢的根因,通過探索性案例研究,建構(gòu)輿論環(huán)境影響中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)行為初始模型;再順流而下,理順邏輯,通過機(jī)理分析與實(shí)證檢驗(yàn),得出相應(yīng)的結(jié)論并提出中小企業(yè)安全產(chǎn)輿論環(huán)境的優(yōu)化對策措施。在對中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)輿論環(huán)境相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行理論分析與調(diào)研實(shí)證的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究主要取得以下幾方面的創(chuàng)新性研究成果:(1)通過對中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)問題整體梳理,得出社會性監(jiān)督的思路。因?yàn)槭袌霾荒芙鉀Q所有的問題,政府總是市場重要的合作伙伴;但政府也不能解決市場之外的所有問題,社會也是市場重要的合作伙伴,因此需要第三種制度安排——第三部門的參與。運(yùn)用市場機(jī)制實(shí)施社會目標(biāo),安全產(chǎn)權(quán)的動態(tài)博弈過程最直接的反映便是主體意見互動,自在與自為的輿論的治理價值便自然地凸顯出來,形成輿論如何影響決策的命題。輿論中包含著對客體事實(shí)和主體意見的信息,這種意見的表達(dá)正是諾斯所指出的制度分析的本質(zhì),即制度分析從根本上來說并不是研究博弈規(guī)則,而是研究個人對這些規(guī)則的反應(yīng)。這就使得作為社會科學(xué)研究的輿論在新制度主義的制度研究框架中找到了一個準(zhǔn)確的定位,從而拓展了把輿論引入管理學(xué)科中、作為影響決策的一個內(nèi)在變量的研究之路。如果說交易成本是一種摩擦成本的話,那么輿論就是一種摩擦產(chǎn)生的熱耗,因?yàn)槟Σ習(xí)ㄟ^意見表達(dá)、輿論傳播出來。(2)中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)受到關(guān)注少,公眾敏感度低,導(dǎo)致以追逐熱點(diǎn)為目標(biāo)的媒介反應(yīng)弱,再加上傳播途徑有限,缺乏一定的社會動員能力,所以在輿論環(huán)境中即處于弱勢地位,反映出中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)處于邊緣化地位,公共性不足,得不到社會資源的足夠支撐影響權(quán)力決策,使得企業(yè)與員工之間的雇傭關(guān)系成為勞動力市場的私人交易,弱勢者受擠壓;安全生產(chǎn)目標(biāo)往往又在經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)強(qiáng)勢競爭下被擠出,這正是中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)困境長久得不到徹解的癥結(jié)所在。(3)輿論環(huán)境分三個維度作用于中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)行為,其中,公眾知情是首要條件,媒介反應(yīng)是核心環(huán)節(jié),傳播途徑是關(guān)鍵載體。輿論環(huán)境對中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)行為的目標(biāo)設(shè)定與效果反饋的影響強(qiáng)于對管理實(shí)施的影響。由此也提出了一個言事分權(quán)的推論,即作為言務(wù)的輿論對決策的目標(biāo)設(shè)定與效果反饋具有較好的影響作用,而對專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的管理實(shí)施事務(wù)則影響較弱。這正反映了隱性知識的認(rèn)知成本,事務(wù)因需要較強(qiáng)的專業(yè)認(rèn)知而只由少數(shù)人掌握實(shí)施才有效率,而言務(wù)因知識門檻不高便于認(rèn)知和傳播而由多數(shù)人參與才有公平和更多資源支撐。兩者的分權(quán)互動合作是最有利的決策模式。(4)輿論環(huán)境通過監(jiān)管力度為中介變量對中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)行為產(chǎn)生影響。監(jiān)管力度受到內(nèi)在的監(jiān)管實(shí)施和外在的安全壓力的影響,相關(guān)制度政策的產(chǎn)生其實(shí)是由多種力量匯合博弈出來的,包括同業(yè)競爭者、行業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)者、上下游關(guān)系等,他們共同提供了制度壓力中的規(guī)制、規(guī)范、認(rèn)知等壓力來源,共同促成了監(jiān)管力度的平衡水平。(5)輿論環(huán)境影響建言程度,但建言程度對中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)影響關(guān)系未獲實(shí)證支持。建言程度取決于內(nèi)在的安全感知與外在的建言氛圍,這是由個體心理與群體因素共同作用的結(jié)果,輿論環(huán)境對其有較大的影響作用。建言程度其實(shí)是對勞動力市場雇傭關(guān)系的一種平衡,安全產(chǎn)權(quán)的動態(tài)“冗余”通過建言行為表達(dá)出來。中小企業(yè)員工因?yàn)樽陨硭刭|(zhì)與就業(yè)壓力及企業(yè)的漠視甚至壓制,建言行為雖一定程度地存在,但基本只限于私下或局部范圍的表達(dá),沒有進(jìn)入到安全管理的權(quán)力決策層面,對企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)決策行為的影響微乎其微,難以真正發(fā)揮有效作用。(6)在確立輿論環(huán)境影響中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)行為的作用及其路徑后,本研究提出了通過輿論環(huán)境優(yōu)化來解決中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)問題的對策建議。重點(diǎn)可以從提升公眾層面的安全敏感、更多的公眾知情表達(dá)渠道,以及充分發(fā)揮社會組織在實(shí)現(xiàn)社會性目標(biāo)中的積極有效作用,善于抓取每一次難得的進(jìn)入公眾視野、成為公共性問題的機(jī)會,披露更多細(xì)致的安全生產(chǎn)信息,吸納更多公眾深入關(guān)注參與,引導(dǎo)公眾資源成為推動中小企業(yè)安全生產(chǎn)問題深化解決的動力。
[Abstract]:The research on the safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is based on the three-layer relationship (the relationship between the employment of the enterprises and the employees, the relationship between the government and the enterprises, the supervision relationship between the society and the government and the enterprises), and the two failures (the market failure and the control failure). One of the core points (security cost spillovers) is to improve the institutional arrangements. This is the whole idea of the evolution of the research and development of the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises. In this study, the present study looks for the implementation point of the social target from the source of the public opinion environment from the source of the upstream public opinion environment, and through the exploratory case study, To construct the model of the safe production behavior of the medium and small-sized enterprises with the influence of public opinion on the environment, the logic should be put forward, the mechanism analysis and the empirical test are adopted, the corresponding conclusions are drawn, and the measures to optimize the environment of the public opinion on the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises are put forward. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and research on the environment-related problems of the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises, the research mainly takes the innovative research results of the following aspects: (1) the idea of social supervision is obtained through the overall arrangement of the safety production problems of the small and medium-sized enterprises. Because the market can't solve all the problems, the government is always the key partner of the market; but the government can't solve all the problems outside the market, and the society is the key partner of the market, so it needs the third system to arrange the participation of the third department. The most direct reflection of the dynamic game process of using the market mechanism to implement social goals and security property rights is the interaction of the subject's opinions. The expression of this kind of opinion is the essence of the system analysis, that is, the system analysis is not the research game rule, but the individual's response to these rules. This makes the public opinion, as the research of social science, to find an accurate position in the framework of the system of the new institutionalism, thus expanding the way of introducing public opinion into the management subject as an internal variable that influences the decision-making. If the transaction cost is a kind of friction cost, the public opinion is a friction-generated heat loss, because the friction can be expressed by the opinion and the public opinion spread out. (2) The safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is less concerned and the public's sensitivity is low, which leads to the weak reaction of the medium in the pursuit of the hot spot, and the limited propagation way and the lack of a certain social mobilization capability, so it is in a vulnerable position in the public opinion environment, It reflects that the safe production of the small and medium-sized enterprises is marginalized, the public is not enough, and the insufficient support of the social resources affects the power decision-making, so that the employment relationship between the enterprise and the staff becomes the private transaction of the labor market, and the vulnerable are squeezed; The goal of safety production is often extruded under the strong competition of the economic target, which is the crux of the problem that the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises has not been solved for a long time. (3) The three dimensions of the public opinion environment act on the safe production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises, among which, the public informed is the primary condition, the media reaction is the core link, and the transmission route is the key carrier. The influence of the public opinion environment on the target setting and effect feedback of the safety production behavior of the small and medium-sized enterprises is stronger than the effect on the management implementation. This paper also puts forward the inference of the power of separation, that is, as the public opinion of the public speaking, the objective setting and effect feedback of decision making have a better effect, and the management and implementation affairs with strong specialization have a weak effect. This is a reflection of the cognitive cost of the tacit knowledge. The transaction is effective only by a few people because of the strong professional cognition. The decentralized and interactive cooperation of the two is the most favorable decision-making mode. (4) The public opinion environment has an effect on the safety production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises through regulation. The supervision is influenced by the internal supervision and the external security pressure, and the production of the relevant system policy is produced by the combination of various forces, including the inter-bank competitors, the industry coordinator, the upstream and downstream relations, etc., and they jointly provide the regulation and standard in the system pressure. The sources of pressure, such as cognition, have contributed to the level of balance of regulation. (5) The influence of the degree of public opinion on the environmental impact of the public opinion is not supported by the empirical support of the relationship between the degree of construction and the safety production of the small and medium-sized enterprises. The degree of speech is dependent on the intrinsic safety awareness and the external environment, which is the result of the interaction between the individual psychology and the group factors, and the public opinion environment has a great influence on it. The degree of construction is actually a balance of the employment relation of the labor market, and the dynamic 鈥渞edundancy鈥，
本文編號：2337443
[Abstract]:The research on the safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is based on the three-layer relationship (the relationship between the employment of the enterprises and the employees, the relationship between the government and the enterprises, the supervision relationship between the society and the government and the enterprises), and the two failures (the market failure and the control failure). One of the core points (security cost spillovers) is to improve the institutional arrangements. This is the whole idea of the evolution of the research and development of the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises. In this study, the present study looks for the implementation point of the social target from the source of the public opinion environment from the source of the upstream public opinion environment, and through the exploratory case study, To construct the model of the safe production behavior of the medium and small-sized enterprises with the influence of public opinion on the environment, the logic should be put forward, the mechanism analysis and the empirical test are adopted, the corresponding conclusions are drawn, and the measures to optimize the environment of the public opinion on the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises are put forward. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and research on the environment-related problems of the safe production of the medium and small-sized enterprises, the research mainly takes the innovative research results of the following aspects: (1) the idea of social supervision is obtained through the overall arrangement of the safety production problems of the small and medium-sized enterprises. Because the market can't solve all the problems, the government is always the key partner of the market; but the government can't solve all the problems outside the market, and the society is the key partner of the market, so it needs the third system to arrange the participation of the third department. The most direct reflection of the dynamic game process of using the market mechanism to implement social goals and security property rights is the interaction of the subject's opinions. The expression of this kind of opinion is the essence of the system analysis, that is, the system analysis is not the research game rule, but the individual's response to these rules. This makes the public opinion, as the research of social science, to find an accurate position in the framework of the system of the new institutionalism, thus expanding the way of introducing public opinion into the management subject as an internal variable that influences the decision-making. If the transaction cost is a kind of friction cost, the public opinion is a friction-generated heat loss, because the friction can be expressed by the opinion and the public opinion spread out. (2) The safety production of small and medium-sized enterprises is less concerned and the public's sensitivity is low, which leads to the weak reaction of the medium in the pursuit of the hot spot, and the limited propagation way and the lack of a certain social mobilization capability, so it is in a vulnerable position in the public opinion environment, It reflects that the safe production of the small and medium-sized enterprises is marginalized, the public is not enough, and the insufficient support of the social resources affects the power decision-making, so that the employment relationship between the enterprise and the staff becomes the private transaction of the labor market, and the vulnerable are squeezed; The goal of safety production is often extruded under the strong competition of the economic target, which is the crux of the problem that the safe production of small and medium-sized enterprises has not been solved for a long time. (3) The three dimensions of the public opinion environment act on the safe production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises, among which, the public informed is the primary condition, the media reaction is the core link, and the transmission route is the key carrier. The influence of the public opinion environment on the target setting and effect feedback of the safety production behavior of the small and medium-sized enterprises is stronger than the effect on the management implementation. This paper also puts forward the inference of the power of separation, that is, as the public opinion of the public speaking, the objective setting and effect feedback of decision making have a better effect, and the management and implementation affairs with strong specialization have a weak effect. This is a reflection of the cognitive cost of the tacit knowledge. The transaction is effective only by a few people because of the strong professional cognition. The decentralized and interactive cooperation of the two is the most favorable decision-making mode. (4) The public opinion environment has an effect on the safety production behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises through regulation. The supervision is influenced by the internal supervision and the external security pressure, and the production of the relevant system policy is produced by the combination of various forces, including the inter-bank competitors, the industry coordinator, the upstream and downstream relations, etc., and they jointly provide the regulation and standard in the system pressure. The sources of pressure, such as cognition, have contributed to the level of balance of regulation. (5) The influence of the degree of public opinion on the environmental impact of the public opinion is not supported by the empirical support of the relationship between the degree of construction and the safety production of the small and medium-sized enterprises. The degree of speech is dependent on the intrinsic safety awareness and the external environment, which is the result of the interaction between the individual psychology and the group factors, and the public opinion environment has a great influence on it. The degree of construction is actually a balance of the employment relation of the labor market, and the dynamic 鈥渞edundancy鈥，
本文編號：2337443
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