發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 10:50

【摘要】：由于高等教育的不斷擴(kuò)招、勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)發(fā)展不完善等因素,高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)難的問(wèn)題引起了社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注,在當(dāng)前我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)容量有限的情況下,以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè),鼓勵(lì)勞動(dòng)者通過(guò)創(chuàng)業(yè)來(lái)增加更多的勞動(dòng)崗位,成為了解決就業(yè)難的一個(gè)新的途徑。創(chuàng)業(yè),為勞動(dòng)者拓寬就業(yè)渠道,提高就業(yè)質(zhì)量。如今在國(guó)家“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè),萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新”的浪潮下,越來(lái)越多的人加入了創(chuàng)業(yè)的隊(duì)伍,成為了一名創(chuàng)業(yè)者。其中大學(xué)生是這股創(chuàng)業(yè)隊(duì)伍中非常重要的一支力量,不同于傳統(tǒng)的零售服務(wù)型的相對(duì)低等級(jí)創(chuàng)業(yè),大學(xué)生掌握更前沿的知識(shí)水平,擁有豐富的想象力和創(chuàng)新力,具有能夠?qū)?chuàng)業(yè)變成更高級(jí)就業(yè)的能力素質(zhì),更易于將高新技術(shù)引入到商業(yè)鏈條中,實(shí)現(xiàn)科研成果的順利轉(zhuǎn)化,從而推動(dòng)整個(gè)國(guó)家技術(shù)水平的不斷創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展。但目前我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)的情況并不理想,有很大一部分大學(xué)生他們有強(qiáng)烈的創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿卻不敢邁出創(chuàng)業(yè)的腳步。通過(guò)對(duì)已有文獻(xiàn)資料的搜索和整理,發(fā)現(xiàn)這與我國(guó)整體的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境有很大的關(guān)系。因此,本文將以大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿作為研究的基本點(diǎn),結(jié)合GEM全球創(chuàng)業(yè)觀察中所提出的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境模型以及國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者針對(duì)我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀所驗(yàn)證的模型假設(shè),提出本文探究當(dāng)前我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的七個(gè)維度,即金融支持、政府政策、政府項(xiàng)目、教育培訓(xùn)、科研轉(zhuǎn)移、國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)以及社會(huì)文化七維度,將創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿整體作為一個(gè)單維度變量,提出上述七個(gè)維度對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿具有正相關(guān)的影響假設(shè),并進(jìn)一步使用五標(biāo)度示意法,制作調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,對(duì)大學(xué)生的個(gè)人信息、創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境、創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿進(jìn)行考察。再利用SPSS軟件,對(duì)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的處理分析,得出當(dāng)前我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的七維度中,除社會(huì)文化外,其余七大維度均對(duì)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿具有顯著的正向影響,并對(duì)其關(guān)系進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的解釋,特別分析了社會(huì)文化維度與以往相比出現(xiàn)變化的當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的特殊性。最后,針對(duì)問(wèn)卷當(dāng)中所反映的問(wèn)題,結(jié)合當(dāng)前我國(guó)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境的實(shí)際情況,針對(duì)七個(gè)維度提出完善金融支持、推進(jìn)政府創(chuàng)業(yè)政策、優(yōu)化政府創(chuàng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目、創(chuàng)新教育培訓(xùn)模式、加快科研成果轉(zhuǎn)移、規(guī)范國(guó)內(nèi)勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)、營(yíng)造社會(huì)創(chuàng)業(yè)文化等具體的建議,并再次闡述了本文的結(jié)論,總結(jié)本文的研究特色與不足,提出未來(lái)的研究展望。
[Abstract]:Due to the increasing enrollment of higher education and the imperfect development of the labor market, the difficulty of obtaining employment for college graduates has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. In the current situation of limited capacity of labor market in our country, employment is driven by entrepreneurship. Encouraging workers to create more jobs through entrepreneurship has become a new way to solve employment difficulties. Entrepreneurship, for workers to broaden employment channels, improve the quality of employment. Nowadays, more and more people join the entrepreneurial team and become an entrepreneur. Among them, college students are a very important force in this entrepreneurial team. Different from the traditional retail service type of relatively low-grade entrepreneurship, college students have a more advanced level of knowledge and have rich imagination and innovation. With the ability to turn entrepreneurship into more advanced employment, it is easier to introduce high and new technology into the commercial chain, to realize the smooth transformation of scientific research results, and to promote the continuous innovation and development of the whole country's technological level. However, at present, the situation of college students' entrepreneurship is not ideal, a large number of college students have strong entrepreneurial will but dare not take the steps of entrepreneurship. By searching and sorting out the existing literature, it is found that this has a great relationship with the overall environment of entrepreneurship in China. Therefore, this paper will take the entrepreneurial willingness of college students as the basic point of the study, combined with the entrepreneurial environment model proposed by GEM Global Entrepreneurship Watch and the model hypothesis verified by domestic scholars in view of the current situation of the entrepreneurial environment of college students in China. This paper explores seven dimensions of the current entrepreneurial environment for college students in China, namely, financial support, government policies, government projects, education and training, scientific research transfer, domestic market and social culture. Taking the whole entrepreneurial intention as a single dimension variable, the paper puts forward the hypothesis that the seven dimensions above have a positive correlation to entrepreneurial intention, and further uses the five-scale method to make a questionnaire to the college students' personal information and entrepreneurial environment. Entrepreneurial willingness to investigate. Then using SPSS software, the data of the questionnaire are further processed and analyzed, and it is concluded that the seven dimensions of the current entrepreneurial environment of college students in China, except social culture, have significant positive effects on the entrepreneurial willingness of college students. Furthermore, the author makes a further explanation of the relationship, especially analyzes the particularity of contemporary college students whose social and cultural dimensions have changed compared with the past. Finally, according to the problems reflected in the questionnaire, combined with the actual situation of the current entrepreneurial environment of college students in China, aiming at the seven dimensions of improving financial support, promoting government entrepreneurship policies, optimizing government entrepreneurship projects, innovative education and training model, This paper puts forward some concrete suggestions such as speeding up the transfer of scientific research achievements standardizing the domestic labor market and creating a social entrepreneurial culture. It also expounds the conclusions of this paper summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of this research and puts forward the future research prospects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F279.2

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