本文選題：企業(yè)體系結(jié)構(gòu)(企業(yè)架構(gòu)) + 架構(gòu)(體系結(jié)構(gòu))�。� 參考：《國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：企業(yè)體系結(jié)構(gòu)(EA,Enterprise Architecture)在提高軍隊(duì)信息化建設(shè)與軍事信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)等領(lǐng)域相關(guān)決策的系統(tǒng)性、科學(xué)性具有重要作用。為確保EA決策支持作用的發(fā)揮并有效高效實(shí)現(xiàn)EA價(jià)值,推進(jìn)EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)因素研究,澄清EA價(jià)值體現(xiàn),剖析EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)律,揭示相關(guān)影響因素及影響關(guān)系,具有重要理論價(jià)值和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。具體而言,目前EA應(yīng)用及EA仍常面臨下述三類問題困難:(1)對EA認(rèn)識(shí)的模糊性導(dǎo)致在應(yīng)用中對EA技術(shù)方法定位的差異性;(2)EA應(yīng)用中常缺乏EA知識(shí)和技巧;(3)現(xiàn)有EA應(yīng)用過程的成熟度有限,EA應(yīng)用效果不太理想。本文認(rèn)為,導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)這三個(gè)問題困難的原因是現(xiàn)有EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)因素研究尚存在以下五點(diǎn)不足:(1)對于EA價(jià)值體現(xiàn)以及EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)較為薄弱;(2)缺乏關(guān)于如何確保EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)過程可控以及可控制性方面的研究;(3)關(guān)于阻礙EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)的挑戰(zhàn)性因素的了解尚不夠全面;(4)缺乏關(guān)于EA關(guān)鍵成功因素的系統(tǒng)研究;(5)EA是否采用的決策缺乏指導(dǎo)也沒有受到應(yīng)有重視。針對這五點(diǎn)不足,本文研究工作和研究貢獻(xiàn)主要體現(xiàn)在以下五個(gè)方面:(一)揭示并闡述了EA價(jià)值認(rèn)知的分歧本文提煉了EA價(jià)值的多樣化體現(xiàn),梳理研判了這些價(jià)值體現(xiàn)點(diǎn)的異同、關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,基于EA價(jià)值可期望性和可實(shí)現(xiàn)性的分析,本文逐步呈現(xiàn)出EA價(jià)值在認(rèn)知上的分歧。該章研究表明,具有高期望性的EA價(jià)值并不一定具有高可實(shí)現(xiàn)性,可實(shí)現(xiàn)性高的EA價(jià)值也不一定具有高可期望性;EA價(jià)值并不會(huì)必然地收斂對齊。相反,對于眾多利益攸關(guān)方來說,認(rèn)知上的分歧客觀存在。因此,應(yīng)基于權(quán)變語境以及EA應(yīng)用定制的要求,進(jìn)行差別化地組織分類并分配企業(yè)資源,以體現(xiàn)EA價(jià)值訴求的差異。(二)梳理剖析了EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中實(shí)行“弱控制”的必然性基于EA價(jià)值的可度量性以及EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)的可追溯性,本文梳理剖析了EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中的控制以及可控制性屬性,從工業(yè)實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀、背后的原因以及實(shí)用的對策等三個(gè)方面闡述了EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中實(shí)行“弱控制”的必然性。該章研究表明,就EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)的控制和可控制性來說,技術(shù)上目前尚缺乏高效的方法(方法論)、模型或指標(biāo)體系;然而,可控制性其實(shí)并不只是一個(gè)技術(shù)的問題,它同時(shí)還是一個(gè)涉及社會(huì)/政治/文化等方面的問題,所以利用社會(huì)/政治/文化等方面的方法來進(jìn)行控制是可行的,而這注定是“軟”的方法。技術(shù)支持是需要的,可社會(huì)/政治/文化等方面的問題才是決定性的。(三)研判了EA價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中的九大挑戰(zhàn)本文梳理分析了ea價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)的九大挑戰(zhàn),本文第五章構(gòu)建了ea挑戰(zhàn)模型以澄清這九大挑戰(zhàn)的影響。該章研究表明,在ea落地實(shí)施過程中,存在諸多潛在的問題挑戰(zhàn);這些問題挑戰(zhàn)不光涉及到技術(shù),更涉及到政治/業(yè)務(wù)/人事方面的挑戰(zhàn);需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,政治/業(yè)務(wù)/人事方面的挑戰(zhàn),才真正反映了ea落地實(shí)施過程主要問題挑戰(zhàn)的主要方面。(四)分析澄清了ea關(guān)鍵成功因素及其影響本文基于ea應(yīng)用全生命周期中的視角,通過文獻(xiàn)評閱提煉出四個(gè)方面共33個(gè)ea關(guān)鍵成功因素,構(gòu)建了ea關(guān)鍵成功因素模型以澄清e(cuò)a關(guān)鍵成功因素與ea成功的影響依賴關(guān)系,進(jìn)而通過問卷調(diào)查分析了ea成功影響的相對重要性。這部分研究表明ea關(guān)鍵成功因素的主要方面是人事而非技術(shù)。ea關(guān)鍵成功因素作為檢查列表清單將是ea應(yīng)用管理的重要依據(jù),利用這個(gè)列表清單可以對照檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)不足,然后有針對性地進(jìn)行資源配置調(diào)整,從而提高獲得成功的可能性。(五)構(gòu)建了ea適用性模型用以分析指導(dǎo)ea采用決策論文提出運(yùn)用“ea適用性”的概念來指導(dǎo)ea采用決策,提煉了影響ea適用性的組織背景因素,構(gòu)建了ea適用性模型用以分析澄清組織背景因素對ea適用性的影響。該部分研究表明,五個(gè)方面組織背景因素(a.主動(dòng)變革的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略,b.依賴于it應(yīng)用的業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn),c.業(yè)務(wù)以及附屬it應(yīng)用的復(fù)雜度,d.企業(yè)治理it治理以及ea管理的成熟度,e.人事-組織事宜如領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、組織文化以及信任等),通過兩個(gè)媒介(ea正當(dāng)性以及ea準(zhǔn)備程度),影響著ea適用性。圍繞上述五個(gè)核心研究內(nèi)容,本文還進(jìn)行了兩項(xiàng)輔助性研究:一方面,本文提煉了ea技術(shù)方法的概念框架和特征內(nèi)涵,對ea價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)因素研究的內(nèi)容以及問題框架進(jìn)行了分解描述。另一方面,本文基于大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略,以信息化規(guī)劃為背景做了一個(gè)ea應(yīng)用綜合案例。案例研究給出了ea采用決策過程模型和ea應(yīng)用實(shí)施過程模型,細(xì)化了規(guī)劃過程,對ea價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)(即ea應(yīng)用)的主要步驟流程進(jìn)行了闡述,提高了ea價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)的可操作性,從而說明了運(yùn)用論文核心研究內(nèi)容的成果結(jié)論來指導(dǎo)ea應(yīng)用實(shí)踐的可行性和有效性。另外需要強(qiáng)調(diào),考慮到研究數(shù)據(jù)獲取(即軍事領(lǐng)域ea應(yīng)用專家參與研究)存在現(xiàn)實(shí)困難,本文采取了基于ea民用來研究ea軍事應(yīng)用啟示的思路。本文研究綜合表明,ea軍事應(yīng)用是典型的“一把手”系統(tǒng)工程,需要“一把手”等頂層人員大力推進(jìn)并全程跟蹤;相比之下,技術(shù)方面的問題反而顯得相對次要;需要在ea軍事應(yīng)用中貫徹“業(yè)務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)”的思想,即“以形成戰(zhàn)斗力”為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以軍事需求和軍事業(yè)務(wù)來驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)發(fā)展;要充分認(rèn)識(shí)到ea軍事應(yīng)用場景中業(yè)務(wù)-人事、社會(huì)-文化-政治等領(lǐng)域的事宜和信息。ea應(yīng)用不僅僅涉及技術(shù),更涉及管理,諸如協(xié)調(diào)溝通、利益攸關(guān)方利益的綜合考慮等都需要精心細(xì)致的管理配置權(quán)衡取舍。
[Abstract]:The EA (Enterprise Architecture) plays an important role in improving the decision-making of the military information construction and the development and design of military information system. It has an important role in the science. In order to ensure the role of the EA decision support, the value of the EA is effectively realized, the factors of the value realization of the EA are studied, the value of the EA is clarified, and the analysis of the value of the EA is clarified. EA value realization law, revealing the related influence factors and influence relations, has important theoretical value and practical significance. Specifically, EA application and EA are still often faced with the following three types of problems: (1) the ambiguity of the understanding of EA leads to the difference in the positioning of EA technical methods in the application; (2) EA applications often lack of EA knowledge and skills; (3) now (3) The maturity of EA application process is limited and the effect of EA application is not ideal. This paper argues that the reasons for the difficulty of these three problems are that there are still five shortcomings in the study of the existing EA value realization factors: (1) the understanding of the value embodiment of EA and the realization of EA value is relatively weak; (2) there is a lack of how to ensure the process of realizing the value of EA. Research on controllability and controllability; (3) the understanding of the challenging factors that impede the realization of EA value is not fully understood; (4) lack of systematic research on the key success factors of EA; (5) the lack of guidance on whether the decision is adopted by EA has not been paid attention to. The following five aspects: (I) reveals and expounds the differences in the value cognition of EA. This paper abstracts the diversity of the value of the EA, combing the similarities and differences of these values, the correlation, the expectation and the realization of the value of the EA. This article gradually presents the differences in the cognitive value of the value of the EA. The EA value of the expectation does not necessarily have high realization, and the high realization of the EA value does not necessarily have high expectation; the EA value does not necessarily converge to the alignment. On the contrary, the differences in cognition exist objectively for many stakeholders. Therefore, it should be differentiated based on the context of the contingency and the requirements of the customization of the EA application. Organization and distribution of enterprise resources to reflect the differences in EA value demands. (two) combing and analyzing the inevitability of "weak control" in the process of EA value realization, based on the measurability of EA value and the traceability of the realization of the value of EA, this paper analyses the control and controllability attributes of the realization of EA value from the industrial reality. The necessity of the implementation of "weak control" in the process of EA value realization is expounded in the three aspects of the current situation, the reasons behind it and the practical countermeasures. The study shows that, as far as the control and controllability of the EA value realization is concerned, the technology is still lacking the efficient method (Methodology), model or index system; however, the controllability is not in fact It is only a technical problem, and it is also a social / political / cultural problem, so it is feasible to use social / political / cultural methods, and it is doomed to be "soft". Technical support is needed, but social / political / cultural issues are decisive. (three) The nine challenges in the process of EA value realization are reviewed and analyzed in this paper, and the nine challenges of the realization of the value of EA are analyzed. The fifth chapter of this paper constructs the EA challenge model to clarify the impact of the nine challenges. The political / business / personnel challenges; it is important to emphasize that the political / business / personnel challenges really reflect the main aspects of the major challenges of the EA implementation process. (four) the analysis clarifies the key success factors of EA and the impact of this article on the perspective of the whole life cycle of the EA application, and refines four parties through literature review. There are 33 key success factors of EA, and a key success factor model of EA is constructed to clarify the relationship between the key success factors of EA and the impact of the success of EA, and then the relative importance of the success of EA is analyzed through a questionnaire. This part of the study shows that the key factor of the key success factor of EA is the key success factor of the personnel rather than the technical.Ea. Check list list will be an important basis for EA application management, using this list list can be compared to check the deficiencies, and then adjust the allocation of resources to improve the possibility of success. (five) a EA applicability model is constructed to guide EA to use the concept of "EA applicability" in decision-making paper. To guide EA to adopt decision making and to extract the organizational background factors affecting the applicability of EA, the EA applicability model was constructed to analyze the influence of the background factors on the applicability of the EA. This part of the study showed that the five aspects of the organizational background factors (the enterprise strategy of A. active change, B. dependence on the business implementation of the IT application, C. business and the affiliated it) The complexity of the application, the D. enterprise governance IT Governance and the maturity of EA management, e. personnel organizational matters such as leadership, organizational culture and trust, etc., affect the applicability of EA through two media (EA legitimacy and EA readiness). Around the above five core studies, two auxiliary studies are carried out in this paper: on the one hand, this article The conceptual framework and characteristic connotation of EA technology are extracted, and the content of EA value realization factors and the framework of the problem are described. On the other hand, based on the big data strategy, a comprehensive case of EA application is made with the background of information planning. The case study gives the decision process model of the EA and the implementation of the EA application. Process model, refining the planning process, the main steps of the EA value implementation (EA application) are elaborated to improve the operability of the EA value implementation, thus explaining the feasibility and effectiveness of using the results and conclusions of the core research content of the paper to guide the application of the EA application. There are practical difficulties in the study of the EA application experts in the military field. This paper adopts the idea of EA people used to study the Enlightenment of EA military applications. This study shows that the military application of EA is a typical "first hand" system engineering, which requires the top staff of "the first hand" to push forward and follow the whole process; in contrast, technical aspects The problem is rather minor; it is necessary to carry out the idea of "business driven technology" in the military application of EA, that is, "to form combat power" as the standard, to drive technology development with military demand and military service, and to fully recognize the matters of business personnel, social, cultural and political fields and information.Ea applications in the EA military application scene. It involves not only technology but also management, such as coordination and communication, comprehensive consideration of stakeholders' interests and so on. Careful and meticulous management configuration trade-offs are needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F272;E11
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本文編號(hào)：2013266